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Giannoudis A, Varešlija D, Sharma V, Zakaria R, Platt-Higgins A, Rudland P, Jenkinson M, Young L, Palmieri C. Characterisation of the immune microenvironment of primary breast cancer and brain metastasis reveals depleted T-cell response associated to ARG2 expression. ESMO Open 2022; 7:100636. [PMID: 36423363 PMCID: PMC9808462 DOI: 10.1016/j.esmoop.2022.100636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Immune checkpoint inhibition is an established treatment in programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1)-positive metastatic triple-negative (TN) breast cancer (BC). However, the immune landscape of breast cancer brain metastasis (BCBM) remains poorly defined. MATERIALS AND METHODS The tumour-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) and the messenger RNA (mRNA) levels of 770 immune-related genes (NanoString™, nCounter™ Immuno-oncology IO360) were assessed in primary BCs and BCBMs. The prognostic role of ARG2 transcripts and protein expression in primary BCs and its association with outcome was determined. RESULTS There was a significant reduction of TILs in the BCBMs in comparison to primary BCs. 11.5% of BCs presented a high immune infiltrate (hot), 46.2% were altered (immunosuppressed/excluded) and 34.6% were cold (no/low immune infiltrate). 3.8% of BCBMs were hot, 23.1% altered and 73.1% cold. One hundred and twelve immune-related genes including PD-L1 and CTLA4 were decreased in BCBM compared to the primary BCs (false discovery rate <0.01, log2 fold-change >1.5). These genes are involved in matrix remodelling and metastasis, cytokine-chemokine signalling, lymphoid compartment, antigen presentation and immune cell adhesion and migration. Immuno-modulators such as PD-L1 (CD274), CTLA4, TIGIT and CD276 (B7H3) were decreased in BCBMs. However, PD-L1 and CTLA4 expression was significantly higher in TN BCBMs (P = 0.01), with CTLA4 expression also high in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-positive (P < 0.01) compared to estrogen receptor-positive BCBMs. ARG2 was one of four genes up-regulated in BCBMs. High ARG2 mRNA expression in primary BCs was associated with worse distant metastasis-free survival (P = 0.038), while ARG2 protein expression was associated with worse breast-brain metastasis-free (P = 0.027) and overall survival (P = 0.019). High transcript levels of ARG2 correlated to low levels of cytotoxic and T cells in both BC and BCBM (P < 0.01). CONCLUSION This study highlights the immunological differences between primary BCs and BCBMs and the potential importance of ARG2 expression in T-cell depletion and clinical outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- A. Giannoudis
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D. Varešlija
- The School of Pharmacy and Biomolecular Sciences, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - V. Sharma
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Pathology, Royal Liverpool University Hospital NHS Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - R. Zakaria
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - A. Platt-Higgins
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - P.S. Rudland
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - M.D. Jenkinson
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,Department of Neurosurgery, The Walton Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK
| | - L.S. Young
- Endocrine Oncology Research Group, Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C. Palmieri
- Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK,The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre NHS Foundation Trust, Liverpool, UK,Correspondence to: Prof. Carlo Palmieri, University of Liverpool, Institute of Systems, Molecular and Integrative Biology, Molecular and Clinical Cancer Medicine, Sherrington Building, Ashton Street, Liverpool, L69 3GE, UK. Tel: +44 151 7949813 @cancermedic
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Giannoudis A, Vareslija D, Sharma V, Zakaria R, Platt-Higgins A, Rudland P, Jenkinson M, Young L, Palmieri C. 20P The importance of ARG2 expression in the immune-depleted microenvironment of primary breast cancer and brain metastasis. Ann Oncol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.annonc.2022.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Sakhavalkar P, Avula S, Pizer B, Thorp N, Jenkinson M. OS03.5.A Corelation between longitudinal t2 MRI radiomic primary texture feature values and radiation dose in non-tumoral regions of the brain in paediatric brain tumours. Neuro Oncol 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noab180.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
BACKGROUND
Paediatric brain tumour survivors may have treatment toxicity associated with signal change on follow-up MRI. Quantitative MRI texture features can potentially be used as surrogates of the underlying tissue changes following radiation therapy.
MATERIAL AND METHODS
Longitudinal retrospective study in 51 paediatric primary brain tumours treated with photon (N=30) and proton (N=21) radiotherapy (RT). T2 MRI scans at baseline and multiple time point from the date of surgery to 2 years following radiotherapy were selected for the textural analysis. Scans were bias corrected, registered with the CT dose maps and with baseline scan for each patient using 3Dslicer. Regions of interest (ROI) of fixed diameter were drawn in 11 predetermined non-tumoral regions of brain including in peri-tumoural region (PTV). ROIs were placed in homogenous white/grey matter. Radiation dose was calculated in each of these 11 ROIs and texture features were extracted using pyradiomics. Data were analysed using machine learning and statistical analysis. General linear multivariate model was used to corelate primary texture features over period of 24 months and radiation dose, time, effect of dose*time together at each ROI separately.
RESULTS
There were Brainstem 4, Cerebellar19, Hemispheric cerebral 7 and Supratentorial midline 10 tumours. Median age at diagnosis was 8.26 years (range: 0–20). Median RT treatment dose was 28.52Gy (0-60Gy). Multivariate analysis shows significant corelation (p < 0.001) between radiation dose and longitudinal primary texture features in all 11ROIs. Time showed corelation with feature values only in 3 ROIs and dose* time showed corelation in 5ROIs. Primary (statistical) feature values showing consistent correlation with dose in all 11 ROIs over 24 months are total energy, 10%, 90%, energy, entropy, mean, median, and minimum.
CONCLUSION
Radiomic texture analysis is a promising modality to understand dose related textural changes in the normal part of brain in paediatric brain tumour patients treated with radiation therapy. Radiomic changes need to be related to neurological outcomes in future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Sakhavalkar
- Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- University Of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - S Avula
- Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- University Of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - B Pizer
- Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- University Of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - N Thorp
- The Clatterbridge Cancer Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M Jenkinson
- Alder Hey Children’s Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
- University Of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Norrington M, Kumar S, Islim A, Smith J, Husband D, Mills S, Jenkinson M. 630 Management and Outcomes of Primary Central Nervous System Lymphoma – Time to Improve the Patient Pathway. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
The clinical and radiological presentation of PCNSL is diverse. Biopsy is required prior to commencing oncological therapy. Steroids administration or inconclusive histopathology may delay diagnosis. This study aimed to assess outcomes of patients managed under clinical oncology and haematology, and investigate factors related to survival.
Method
Retrospective cohort study (2004-2019) of 104 patients. Univariate analysis, using Kaplan Meier curves and multivariate Cox regression analysis were performed.
Results
Median WHO performance status was 1. 12 patients (11.5%) required repeat biopsy. 40 cases were managed under oncology, 25 males (median age 67 years; IQR 60-71). Median time from imaging to diagnosis (TTD) was 18 days (range 8-227). Median time from diagnosis to treatment (TTT) was 19 days (range 3-63). Median overall survival (OS) was 5 months (95% CI 0-15.6). 61 cases were managed under haematology, 32 males (median age 65 years; IQR 54-71). Median TTD was 25 days (range 10-233). Median TTT was 14 days (range 2-96). Median OS was 5 months (95% CI 2.1-7.9). No significant prognostic indicators of OS were identified on multivariate analysis.
Conclusions
PCNSL carries a poor prognosis regardless of treatment team. The wide range in time to treatment suggests that the management pathway needs streamlining to improve outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Norrington
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - S Kumar
- The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - A Islim
- The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - J Smith
- Aintree University Hospital, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - D Husband
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - S Mills
- The Walton Centre, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M Jenkinson
- University of Liverpool, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Mollink J, Hiemstra M, Miller KL, Huszar IN, Jenkinson M, Raaphorst J, Wiesmann M, Ansorge O, Pallebage-Gamarallage M, van Cappellen van Walsum AM. White matter changes in the perforant path area in patients with amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Neuropathol Appl Neurobiol 2019; 45:570-585. [PMID: 31002412 PMCID: PMC6852107 DOI: 10.1111/nan.12555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 04/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that white matter degeneration of the perforant path - as part of the Papez circuit - is a key feature of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), even in the absence of frontotemporal dementia (FTD) or deposition of pTDP-43 inclusions in hippocampal granule cells. METHODS We used diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging (dMRI), polarized light imaging (PLI) and immunohistochemical analysis of post mortem hippocampus specimens from controls (n = 5) and ALS patients (n = 14) to study white matter degeneration in the perforant path. RESULTS diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging demonstrated a decrease in fractional anisotropy (P = 0.01) and an increase in mean diffusivity (P = 0.01) in the perforant path in ALS compared to controls. PLI-myelin density was lower in ALS (P = 0.05) and correlated with fractional anisotropy (r = 0.52, P = 0.03). These results were confirmed by immunohistochemistry; both myelin (proteolipid protein, P = 0.03) and neurofilaments (SMI-312, P = 0.02) were lower in ALS. Two out of the fourteen ALS cases showed pTDP-43 pathology in the dentate gyrus, but with comparable myelination levels in the perforant path to other ALS cases. CONCLUSION We conclude that degeneration of the perforant path occurs in ALS patients and that this may occur before, or independent of, pTDP-43 aggregation in the dentate gyrus of the hippocampus. Future research should focus on correlating the degree of cognitive decline to the amount of white matter atrophy in the perforant path.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Mollink
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands.,Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Hiemstra
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - K L Miller
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - I N Huszar
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - M Jenkinson
- Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - J Raaphorst
- Department of Neurology, Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - M Wiesmann
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
| | - O Ansorge
- Nuffield Department of Clinical Neurosciences, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | | | - A M van Cappellen van Walsum
- Department of Anatomy, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Radboud University Medical Center, Nijmegen, the Netherlands
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Brodbelt A, Williams M, Thorpe A, Mills S, Price S, Lekka E, Watts C, Davies C, Jenkinson M. P01.100 Tumour treating fields: Acceptable, tolerable, and can we reduce cost? Neuro Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/noy139.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- A Brodbelt
- The Walton Centre NHS Foundation trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - M Williams
- Imperial College Healthcare NHS Foundation Trust, London, United Kingdom
| | - A Thorpe
- The Walton Centre NHS Foundation trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - S Mills
- The Walton Centre NHS Foundation trust, Liverpool, United Kingdom
| | - S Price
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - E Lekka
- Lancashire teaching hospitals NHS Foundation trust, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - C Watts
- University hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom
| | - C Davies
- Lancashire teaching hospitals NHS Foundation trust, Preston, United Kingdom
| | - M Jenkinson
- Liverpool University, Liverpool, United Kingdom
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Watts C, Jenkinson M, Ashkan K, Kurian K, Qian W, Machin A, Price S, Matys T, Doughton G. OS4.8 Improving the intra-operative diagnosis of high-grade glioma using a fluorescence biomarker - A Progress Report of The GALA-BIDD Study. Neuro Oncol 2016. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/now188.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
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Chavredakis E, Brodbelt A, Jenkinson M. MS-06 * DEFINING THE OPTIMAL FOLLOW-UP SCHEDULE FOLLOWING SURGICAL RESECTION OF GRADE I MENINGIOMA. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou260.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Waqar M, Hanif S, Rathi N, Das K, Zakaria R, Brodbelt AR, Walker C, Jenkinson M. P17 * MANAGEMENT AND OUTCOMES OF MIDLINE LOW-GRADE GLIOMAS. Neuro Oncol 2014. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nou249.16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Vrenken H, Jenkinson M, Horsfield MA, Battaglini M, van Schijndel RA, Rostrup E, Geurts JJG, Fisher E, Zijdenbos A, Ashburner J, Miller DH, Filippi M, Fazekas F, Rovaris M, Rovira A, Barkhof F, de Stefano N. Recommendations to improve imaging and analysis of brain lesion load and atrophy in longitudinal studies of multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2012; 260:2458-71. [PMID: 23263472 PMCID: PMC3824277 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-012-6762-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2012] [Accepted: 11/12/2012] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Focal lesions and brain atrophy are the most extensively studied aspects of multiple sclerosis (MS), but the image acquisition and analysis techniques used can be further improved, especially those for studying within-patient changes of lesion load and atrophy longitudinally. Improved accuracy and sensitivity will reduce the numbers of patients required to detect a given treatment effect in a trial, and ultimately, will allow reliable characterization of individual patients for personalized treatment. Based on open issues in the field of MS research, and the current state of the art in magnetic resonance image analysis methods for assessing brain lesion load and atrophy, this paper makes recommendations to improve these measures for longitudinal studies of MS. Briefly, they are (1) images should be acquired using 3D pulse sequences, with near-isotropic spatial resolution and multiple image contrasts to allow more comprehensive analyses of lesion load and atrophy, across timepoints. Image artifacts need special attention given their effects on image analysis results. (2) Automated image segmentation methods integrating the assessment of lesion load and atrophy are desirable. (3) A standard dataset with benchmark results should be set up to facilitate development, calibration, and objective evaluation of image analysis methods for MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Vrenken
- Department of Radiology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands,
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Birks S, Altinkaya M, Altinkaya A, Pilkington G, Kurian KM, Crosby C, Hopkins K, Williams M, Donovan L, Birks S, Eason A, Bosak V, Pilkington G, Birks S, Holliday J, Corbett I, Pilkington G, Keeling M, Bambrough J, Simpson J, Higgins S, Dogra H, Pilkington G, Kurian KM, Zhang Y, Bradley M, Schmidberger C, Hafizi S, Noorani I, Price S, Dubocq A, Jaunky T, Chatelain C, Evans L, Gaissmaier T, Pilkington GJ, An Q, Hurwitz V, Logan J, Bhangoo R, Ashkan K, Gullan A, Beaney R, Brazil L, Kokkinos S, Blake R, Singleton A, Shaw A, Iyer V, Kurian KM, Jeyapalan JN, Morley IC, Hill AA, Mumin MA, Tatevossian RG, Qaddoumi I, Ellison DW, Sheer D, Frary A, Price S, Jefferies S, Harris F, Burnet N, Jena R, Watts C, Haylock B, Leow-Dyke S, Rathi N, Wong H, Dunn J, Baborie A, Crooks D, Husband D, Shenoy A, Brodbelt A, Walker C, Bahl A, Larsen J, Craven I, Metherall P, McKevitt F, Romanowski C, Hoggard N, Jellinek DA, Bell S, Murray E, Muirhead R, James A, Hanzely Z, Jackson R, Stewart W, O'Brien A, Young A, Bell S, Hanzely Z, Stewart W, Shepherd S, Cavers D, Wallace L, Hacking B, Scott S, Bowyer D, Elmahdi A, Frary AJ, O'Donovan DG, Price SJ, Kia A, Przystal JM, Nianiaris N, Mazarakis ND, Mintz PJ, Hajitou A, Karakoula K, Phipps K, Harkness W, Hayward R, Thompson D, Jacques T, Harding B, Darling J, Warr T, Leow-Dyke S, Rathi N, Haylock B, Crooks D, Jenkinson M, Walker C, Brodbelt A, Zhou L, Ercolano E, Ammoun S, Schmid MC, Barczyk M, Hanemann CO, Rowther F, Dawson T, Ashton K, Darling J, Warr T, Maherally Z, Hatherell KE, Kroese K, Hafizi S, Pilkington GJ, Singh P, McQuaid S, Al-Rashid S, Prise K, Herron B, Healy E, Shoakazemi A, Donnelly M, McConnell R, Harney J, Conkey D, McGrath E, Lunsford L, Kondziolka D, Niranjan A, Kano H, Hamilton R, Flannery T, Majani Y, Smith S, Grundy R, Rahman R, Saini S, Hall G, Davis C, Rowther F, Lawson T, Ashton K, Potter N, Goessl E, Darling J, Warr T, Brodbelt A, Jenkinson M, Walker C, Leow-Dyke S, Haylock B, Dunn J, Wilkins S, Smith T, Petinou V, Nicholl I, Singh J, Lea R, Welsby P, Spiteri I, Sottoriva A, Marko N, Tavare S, Collins P, Price SJ, Watts C, Su Z, Gerhard A, Hinz R, Roncaroli F, Coope D, Thompson G, Karabatsou K, Sofat A, Leggate J, du Plessis D, Turkheimer F, Jackson A, Brodbelt A, Jenkinson M, Das K, Crooks D, Herholz K, Price SJ, Whittle IR, Ashkan K, Grundy P, Cruickshank G, Berry V, Elder D, Iyer V, Hopkins K, Cohen N, Tavare J, Zilidis G, Tibarewal P, Spinelli L, Leslie NR, Coope DJ, Karabatsou K, Green S, Wall G, Bambrough J, Brennan P, Baily J, Diaz M, Ironside J, Sansom O, Brunton V, Frame M, Young A, Thomas O, Mohsen L, Frary A, Lupson V, McLean M, Price S, Arora M, Shaw L, Lawrence C, Alder J, Dawson T, Hall G, Rada L, Chen K, Shivane A, Ammoun S, Parkinson D, Hanemann C, Pangeni RP, Warr TJ, Morris MR, Mackinnon M, Williamson A, James A, Chalmers A, Beckett V, Joannides A, Brock R, McCarthy K, Price S, Singh A, Karakoula K, Dawson T, Ashton K, Darling J, Warr T, Kardooni H, Morris M, Rowther F, Darling J, Warr T, Watts C, Syed N, Roncaroli F, Janczar K, Singh P, O'Neil K, Nigro CL, Lattanzio L, Coley H, Hatzimichael E, Bomalaski J, Szlosarek P, Crook T, Pullen NA, Anand M, Birks S, Van Meter T, Pullen NA, Anand M, Williams S, Boissinot M, Steele L, Williams S, Chiocca EA, Lawler S, Al Rashid ST, Mashal S, Taggart L, Clarke E, Flannery T, Prise KM. Abstracts from the 2012 BNOS Conference. Neuro Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos198] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Millington RS, Yasuda CL, Jindahra P, Jenkinson M, Barbur JL, Kennard C, Plant GT, Cendes F, Bridge H. Characterization of Optic Tract Degeneration in Patients with Damage to the Visual Pathway. J Vis 2012. [DOI: 10.1167/12.9.1357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
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Popescu V, Battaglini M, Hoogstrate W, Verfaillie S, Sluimer I, van Schijndel R, van Dijk B, Cover K, Knol D, Jenkinson M, Barkhof F, de Stefano N, Vrenken H. Optimizing parameter choice for FSL-Brain Extraction Tool (BET) on 3D T1 images in multiple sclerosis. Neuroimage 2012; 61:1484-94. [PMID: 22484407 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2012.03.074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2011] [Revised: 02/28/2012] [Accepted: 03/19/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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Ibanez J, Brell M, Tomas M, Roldan P, Guibelalde M, Tavera A, Salinas JA, Suzuki T, Fukuoka K, Kohga T, Yanagisawa T, Adachi J, Mishima K, Fujimaki T, Matsutani M, Ishihara S, Nishikawa R, Keating R, DeFreitas T, Al Abbas F, Myseros J, Yaun A, Magge S, Pettorini B, Al-Mahfoudh R, Yousaf J, Pizer B, Jenkinson M, Mallucci C, Pettorini B, Parlato S, Yousaf J, Pizer B, Kumar R, Avula S, Mallucci C, Munoz M, Yano H, Ohe N, Nakayama N, Shinoda J, Iwama T, Rahman C, Smith S, Morgan P, Langmack K, Macarthur D, Rose F, Shakesheff K, Grundy R, Rahman R, Krieger M, Si SJ, Flores N, Haley K, Malvar J, Sposto R, Fangusaro J, Dhall G, Davidson TB, Finlay J, Caretti V, Lagerweij T, Schellen P, Jansen M, van Vuurden DG, Hulleman E, Idema S, Vandertop WP, Noske DP, Kaspers G, Wurdinger T, Luther N, Zhou Z, Zanzonico P, Cheung NK, Souweidane M, Kotecha R, Pascoe E, Rushing E, Rorke-Adams L, Zwerdling T, Gao X, Li X, Greene S, Amirjamshidi A, Kim SK, Lima M, Hung PC, Lakhdar F, Mehta N, Liu Y, Devi BI, Sudhir BJ, Lund-Johansen M, Gjerris F, Cole C, Gottardo N, Dorfer C, Slavc I, Dieckmann K, Gruber K, Schmook M, Czech T, Griffin A, Greenfield J, Souweidane M, Lulla RR, Rao V, Haridas A, Ryan M, Goldstein JL, Wainwright M, Tomita T. NEUROSURGERY. Neuro Oncol 2012. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nos104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Ellenbogen J, Kinshuck A, Jenkinson M, Lesser T, Husband D, Javadpour M. Medium Term Outcome of LINAC-Based Stereotactic Radiosurgery for Vestibular Schwannomas with Marginal Dose of 12.5 Gy. Skull Base Surg 2012. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0032-1314126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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Kolasinski J, Stagg CJ, Chance S, Esiri M, Chang E, Palace JA, McNab JA, Jenkinson M, Miller K, Johansen-Berg H. 139 Comparison of histological and diffusion-weighted MRI techniques in the analysis of post mortem multiple sclerosis brains. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2011-301993.181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Arun T, Sbdarella E, Ruiter M, Tomassini V, Leite MI, Craner M, Fugger L, Jenkinson M, Palace J. 0918 Amiloride treatment ameliorates MRI surrogate markers of neurodegeneration in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. J Neurol Psychiatry 2012. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2011-301993.36] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Sallet J, Mars RB, Noonan MP, Andersson JL, O'Reilly JX, Jbabdi S, Croxson PL, Jenkinson M, Miller KL, Rushworth MFS. Social network size affects neural circuits in macaques. Science 2012; 334:697-700. [PMID: 22053054 DOI: 10.1126/science.1210027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 283] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
It has been suggested that variation in brain structure correlates with the sizes of individuals' social networks. Whether variation in social network size causes variation in brain structure, however, is unknown. To address this question, we neuroimaged 23 monkeys that had been living in social groups set to different sizes. Subject comparison revealed that living in larger groups caused increases in gray matter in mid-superior temporal sulcus and rostral prefrontal cortex and increased coupling of activity in frontal and temporal cortex. Social network size, therefore, contributes to changes both in brain structure and function. The changes have potential implications for an animal's success in a social context; gray matter differences in similar areas were also correlated with each animal's dominance within its social network.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Sallet
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3UD, UK.
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Brooks J, Jenkinson M, Beckmann C, Miller K, Wise R, Clare S, Schweinhardt P, Wilson G, Tracey I. 300 NON-INVASIVE FUNCTIONAL IMAGING OF THE HUMAN SPINAL CORD. Eur J Pain 2012. [DOI: 10.1016/s1090-3801(06)60303-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Ammoun S, Zhou L, Barczyk M, Hilton D, Hafizi S, Hanemann C, Lehnus KS, Donovan LK, Pilkington GJ, An Q, Anderson IA, Thomson S, Bailey M, Lekka E, Law J, Davis C, Banfill K, Loughrey C, Hatfield P, Bax D, Elliott R, Bishop R, Taylor K, Marshall L, Gaspar N, Viana-Pereira M, Reis R, Renshaw J, Ashworth A, Lord C, Jones C, Bellamy C, Shaw L, Alder J, Shorrocks A, Lea R, Birks S, Burnet M, Pilkington G, Bruch JD, Ho J, Watts C, Price SJ, Camp S, Apostolopoulos V, Mehta A, Roncaroli F, Nandi D, Clark B, Mackinnon M, MacLeod N, Stewart W, Chalmers A, Cole A, Hanna G, Bailie K, Conkey D, Harney J, Darlow C, Chapman S, Mohsen L, Price S, Donovan L, Birks S, Pilkington G, Dyer H, Lord H, Fletcher K, das Nair R, MacNiven J, Basu S, Byrne P, Glancz L, Critchley G, Grech-Sollars M, Saunders D, Phipps K, Clayden J, Clark C, Greco A, Acquati S, Marino S, Hammouche S, Wilkins SP, Smith T, Brodbelt A, Hammouche S, Clark S, Wong AHL, Eldridge P, Farah JO, Ho J, Bruch J, Watts C, Price S, Lamb G, Smith S, James A, Glegg M, Jeffcote T, Boulos S, Robbins P, Knuckey N, Banigo A, Brodbelt AR, Jenkinson MD, Jeyapalan JN, Mumin MA, Forshew T, Lawson AR, Tatevossian RG, Jacques TS, Sheer D, Kilday J, Wright K, Leavy S, Lowe J, Schwalbe E, Clifford S, Gilbertson R, Coyle B, Grundy R, Kinsella P, Clynes M, Amberger-Murphy V, Barron N, Lambert SR, Jones D, Pearson D, Ichimura I, Collins V, Steele L, Sinha P, Chumas P, Tyler J, Ogawa D, Chiocca E, DeLay M, Bronisz A, Nowicki M, Godlewski J, Lawler S, Lee MK, Javadpour M, Jenkinson MD, Lekka E, Abel P, Dawson T, Lea B, Davis C, Lim CSK, Grundy PL, Pendleton M, Lord H, Mackinnon M, Williamson A, James A, Stewart W, Clark B, Chalmers A, Merve A, Zhang X, Marino S, Miller S, Rogers HA, Lyon P, Rand V, Adamowicz-Brice M, Clifford SC, Hayden JT, Dyer S, Pfister S, Korshunov A, Brundler MA, Lowe J, Coyle B, Grundy RG, Nankivell M, Mulvenna P, Barton R, Wilson P, Faivre-Finn C, Pugh C, Langley R, Ngoga D, Tennant D, Williams A, Moss P, Cruickshank G, Owusu-Agyemang K, Bell S, Stewart W, St.George J, Piccirillo SG, Watts C, Qadri S, Pirola E, Jenkinson M, Brodbelt A, Rahman R, Rahman C, Smith S, MacArthur D, Rose F, Shakesheff K, Grundy R, Carroll C, Watson P, Hawkins M, Spoudeas H, Walker D, Holland T, Ring H, Rooney A, McNamara S, Mackinnon M, Fraser M, Rampling R, Carson A, Grant R, Royds J, Al Nadaf S, Ahn A, Chen YJ, Wiles A, Jellinek D, Braithwaite A, Baguley B, MacFarlane M, Hung N, Slatter T, Rusbridge S, Walmsley N, Griffiths S, Wilford P, Rees J, Ryan D, Watts C, Liu P, Galavotti S, Shaked-Rabi M, Tulchinsky E, Brandner S, Jones C, Salomoni P, Schulte A, Gunther HS, Zapf S, Riethdorf S, Westphal M, Lamszus K, Selvanathan SK, Hammouche S, Salminen HJ, Jenkinson MD, Setua S, Watts C, Welland ME, Shevtsov M, Khachatryan W, Kim A, Samochernych K, Pozdnyakov A, Guzhova IV, Romanova IV, Margulis B, Smith S, Rahman R, Rahman C, Barrow J, Macarthur D, Rose F, Grundy R, Smith S, Long A, Barrow J, Macarthur D, Coyle B, Grundy R, Maherally Z, Smith JR, Dickson L, Pilkington GJ, Prabhu S, Harris F, Lea R, Snape TJ, Sussman M, Wilne S, Whitehouse W, Chow G, Liu JF, Walker D, Snape T, Karakoula A, Rowther F, Warr T, Williamson A, Mackinnon M, Zisakis A, Varsos V, Panteli A, Karypidou O, Zampethanis A, Fotovati A, Abu-Ali S, Wang PS, Deleyrolle L, Lee C, Triscott J, Chen JY, Franciosi S, Nakamura Y, Sugita Y, Uchiumi T, Kuwano M, Leavitt BR, Singh SK, Jury A, Jones C, Wakimoto H, Reynolds BA, Pallen CJ, Dunn SE, Shepherd S, Scott S, Bowyer D, Wallace L, Hacking B, Mohsen L, Jena R, Gillard J, Price S, Lee C, Fotovati A, Verraeult M, Wakimoto H, Reynolds B, Dunham C, Bally M, Hukin J, Singhal S, Singh S, Dunn S. Abstracts from the 2011 BNOS Conference, June 29 - July 1, 2011, Homerton College, Cambridge. Neuro Oncol 2011. [DOI: 10.1093/neuonc/nor144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
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Tziortzi A, Searle G, Tsoumpas C, Long C, Shotbolt P, Rabiner E, Jenkinson M, Gunn RN. MR-DTI and PET multimodal imaging of dopamine release within subdivisions of basal ganglia. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011. [DOI: 10.1088/1742-6596/317/1/012005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Kincses ZT, Ropele S, Jenkinson M, Khalil M, Petrovic K, Loitfelder M, Langkammer C, Aspeck E, Wallner-Blazek M, Fuchs S, Jehna M, Schmidt R, Vécsei L, Fazekas F, Enzinger C. Lesion probability mapping to explain clinical deficits and cognitive performance in multiple sclerosis. Mult Scler 2010; 17:681-9. [PMID: 21177325 DOI: 10.1177/1352458510391342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lesion dissemination in time and space represents a key feature and diagnostic marker of multiple sclerosis (MS). The correlation between magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) lesion load and disability is only modest, however. Strategic lesion location might at least partially account for this 'clinico-radiologic paradox'. OBJECTIVES Here we used a non-parametric permutation-based approach to map lesion location probability based on MS lesions identified on T2-weighted MRI. We studied 121 patients with clinically isolated syndrome, relapsing-remitting or secondary progressive MS and correlated these maps to assessments of neurologic and cognitive functions. RESULTS The Expanded Disability Status Scale correlated with bilateral periventricular lesion location (LL), and sensory and coordination functional system deficits correlated with lesion accumulation in distinct anatomically plausible regions, i.e. thalamus and middle cerebellar peduncule. Regarding cognitive performance, decreased verbal fluency correlated with left parietal LL comprising the putative superior longitudinal fascicle. Delayed spatial recall correlated with _amygdalar, _left frontal and parietal LL. Delayed selective reminding correlated with bilateral frontal and temporal LL. However, only part of the spectrum of cognitive and neurological problems encountered in our cohort could be explained by specific lesion location. CONCLUSIONS Lesion probability mapping supports the association of specific lesion locations with symptom development in MS, but only to limited extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Z T Kincses
- Department of Neurology, Albert Szent-Györgyi Clinical Center, University of Szeged, Hungary
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Arun T, Smith S, Weir AP, Palace J, Jenkinson M. POI01 Direct comparison of multiple nonlesional imaging measures to assess their power to measure treatment effects over 1 year in primary progressive multiple sclerosis. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.226340.142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Tarunya A, Smith S, Jenkinson M, Palace JA, Beckmann C. POD02 Predicting brain atrophy at 1 year by baseline multimodal MRI data. Journal of Neurology, Neurosurgery & Psychiatry 2010. [DOI: 10.1136/jnnp.2010.226340.102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Petrović A, Smith S, Patenaude B, Jbabdi S, Zarei M, Jenkinson M. Tractography-Driven Registration for Improved Within-Surface Correspondence in Brain Structures. Neuroimage 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s1053-8119(09)71158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
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Babalola KO, Cootes TF, Patenaude B, Rao A, Jenkinson M. Comparing the similarity of statistical shape models using the Bhattacharya metric. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2007; 9:142-50. [PMID: 17354884 DOI: 10.1007/11866565_18] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/21/2023]
Abstract
A variety of different methods of finding correspondences across sets of images to build statistical shape models have been proposed, each of which is likely to result in a different model. When dealing with large datasets (particularly in 3D), it is difficult to evaluate the quality of the resulting models. However, if the different methods are successfully modelling the true underlying shape variation, the resulting models should be similar. If two different techniques lead to similar models, it suggests that they are indeed approximating the true shape change. In this paper we explore a method of comparing statistical shape models by evaluating the Bhattacharya overlap between their implied shape distributions. We apply the technique to investigate the similarity of three models of the same 3D dataset constructed using different methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- K O Babalola
- Division of Imaging Science and Biomedical Engineering, University of Manchester, M13 9PT, UK.
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Behrens TEJ, Jenkinson M, Robson MD, Smith SM, Johansen-Berg H. A consistent relationship between local white matter architecture and functional specialisation in medial frontal cortex. Neuroimage 2005; 30:220-7. [PMID: 16271482 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroimage.2005.09.036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2005] [Revised: 09/07/2005] [Accepted: 09/13/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Functionally significant landmarks in the brain do not necessarily align with local sulcal and gyral architecture in a manner that is consistent across individuals. However, the functional specialisation underlying these landmarks is strongly constrained by the connectional architecture of the region. Here, we explore this relationship in the supplementary motor area (SMA) and pre-SMA in the medial frontal cortex of the human brain. Using diffusion tensor, conventional and functional MR imaging, we find that the location of the functional boundary between SMA and preSMA is more consistent with respect to specific features of the local white matter as it approaches neocortex than with respect to the local gyral and sulcal anatomy in the region.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E J Behrens
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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Behrens TEJ, Woolrich MW, Jenkinson M, Johansen-Berg H, Nunes RG, Clare S, Matthews PM, Brady JM, Smith SM. Characterization and propagation of uncertainty in diffusion-weighted MR imaging. Magn Reson Med 2004; 50:1077-88. [PMID: 14587019 DOI: 10.1002/mrm.10609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2188] [Impact Index Per Article: 109.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
A fully probabilistic framework is presented for estimating local probability density functions on parameters of interest in a model of diffusion. This technique is applied to the estimation of parameters in the diffusion tensor model, and also to a simple partial volume model of diffusion. In both cases the parameters of interest include parameters defining local fiber direction. A technique is then presented for using these density functions to estimate global connectivity (i.e., the probability of the existence of a connection through the data field, between any two distant points), allowing for the quantification of belief in tractography results. This technique is then applied to the estimation of the cortical connectivity of the human thalamus. The resulting connectivity distributions correspond well with predictions from invasive tracer methods in nonhuman primate.
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Affiliation(s)
- T E J Behrens
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain (FMRIB), Oxford, UK.
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Parry A, Clare S, Jenkinson M, Smith S, Palace J, Matthews PM. MRI Brain T1 Relaxation Time Changes in MS Patients Increase Over Time in Both the White Matter and the Cortex. J Neuroimaging 2003. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1552-6569.2003.tb00184.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
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Parry A, Clare S, Jenkinson M, Smith S, Palace J, Matthews PM. MRI brain T1 relaxation time changes in MS patients increase over time in both the white matter and the cortex. J Neuroimaging 2003; 13:234-9. [PMID: 12889170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/04/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test the sensitivity of whole-brain T1 relaxometry to the evolution of pathological changes in multiple sclerosis (MS). BACKGROUND T1-weighted hypointense lesion load in the brains of patients with MS is associated with axonal loss. Other work has shown that T1 measurements may provide information complementary to existing imaging techniques, such as magnetization transfer imaging. METHODS The authors studied 14 MS patients twice over a median time interval of 19.5 months (range, 14-22 months). Structural images and whole-brain T1 maps using a novel rapid-scanning technique (3 min/study) were performed at 3 T. Analysis focused on defining changes separately in the lesional and normal-appearing white matter (NAWM) and in the cortical gray matter. RESULTS At baseline, there was an inverse relationship between disease duration and the NAWM T1 histogram peak height (r = -0.75, P = .03). The total white matter T1 histogram peak height decreased over time (P < .001). This could be accounted for by changes in the NAWM (P < .03). There also was a decrease (6%) in the mean (11 of 14 patients, P = .004) and in the median (7%) (13 of 14 patients, P < .001) neocortical gray matter T1 over the follow-up period. CONCLUSIONS Brain T1 maps can be generated quickly and are sensitive to pathological changes over time. T1 values in both the gray and the white matter at the baseline visit were related to disease duration, suggesting that the T1 changes are clinically relevant. Although the absolute values will be different, it is likely that similar changes will be able to be detected at 1.5 T. The role of T1 measurement as a magnetic resonance imaging outcome measure in clinical trials now should be explored.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Parry
- Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, United Kingdom
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Parry A, Clare S, Jenkinson M, Smith S, Palace J, Matthews PM. White matter and lesion T1 relaxation times increase in parallel and correlate with disability in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 2002; 249:1279-86. [PMID: 12242554 DOI: 10.1007/s00415-002-0837-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies have established the clinical relevance of hypointense lesions ("black holes") on T1-weighted MRI as a surrogate marker for pathological change [36]. In contrast to measuring the volume of "black holes", the direct measurement of T1 values allows an objective assessment of the changes contributing to hypointensity both in the focal lesions and in the normal appearing white matter (NAWM). The aims of this study were first, to determine the relationship between T1 values in the NAWM and in discrete lesions, second, to test the relationship between white matter T1 changes and measures of disability and third, to determine whether pathology leading to T1 change occurred in thalamic grey matter of patients with multiple sclerosis. 24 patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (13 with relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis and 11 with secondary progressive multiple sclerosis) and 11 controls participated. White matter T1 histograms and mean T1 values for the thalamus were generated from whole brain T1 relaxation time maps measured using a novel echo-planar imaging based MRI sequence at 3Tesla. Tissue segmentation based on T2- and T1-weighted images allowed independent study of changes in lesions and NAWM. White matter T1 histograms from the patient group showed a reduced peak height and a shift towards higher T1 values (p = 0.028) relative to controls. The mean thalamic T1 was greater for secondary progressive patients than for healthy controls (p = 0.03). Mean white matter T1 values correlated significantly with disability (r = 0.48, p = 0.02). The mean T1 value in the T1-hypointense lesions correlated strongly with the mean T1 value in the NAWM (r = 0.80, p < 0.001). No significant relationship was found between mean white matter T1 value and cerebral volume (r = -0.23, p = 0.31). The T1 measurements extend previous observations suggesting that changes in the NAWM occur in parallel with pathology in lesions of MS. T1 measurements of either the total or NAWM therefore may provide a potentially observer- and scanner- independent marker of pathology relevant to disability in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Parry
- Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, The John Radcliffe Hospital, Headington, Oxford, OX3 9DU, UK
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Abstract
PURPOSE Quantitative measurement of change in brain size and shape (e.g., to estimate atrophy) is an important current area of research. New methods of change analysis attempt to improve robustness, accuracy, and extent of automation. A fully automated method has been developed that achieves high estimation accuracy. METHOD A fully automated method of longitudinal change analysis is presented here, which automatically segments brain from nonbrain in each image, registers the two brain images while using estimated skull images to constrain scaling and skew, and finally estimates brain surface motion by tracking surface points to subvoxel accuracy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION The method described has been shown to be accurate ( approximately 0.2% brain volume change error) and to achieve high robustness (no failures in several hundred analyses over a range of different data sets).
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Affiliation(s)
- S M Smith
- Oxford Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, England.
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Abstract
Registration is an important component of medical image analysis and for analysing large amounts of data it is desirable to have fully automatic registration methods. Many different automatic registration methods have been proposed to date, and almost all share a common mathematical framework - one of optimising a cost function. To date little attention has been focused on the optimisation method itself, even though the success of most registration methods hinges on the quality of this optimisation. This paper examines the assumptions underlying the problem of registration for brain images using inter-modal voxel similarity measures. It is demonstrated that the use of local optimisation methods together with the standard multi-resolution approach is not sufficient to reliably find the global minimum. To address this problem, a global optimisation method is proposed that is specifically tailored to this form of registration. A full discussion of all the necessary implementation details is included as this is an important part of any practical method. Furthermore, results are presented for inter-modal, inter-subject registration experiments that show that the proposed method is more reliable at finding the global minimum than several of the currently available registration packages in common usage.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Jenkinson
- University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, FMRIB Centre, Oxford OX3 9DU, UK.
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Lee M, Reddy H, Johansen-Berg H, Pendlebury S, Jenkinson M, Smith S, Palace J, Matthews PM. The motor cortex shows adaptive functional changes to brain injury from multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1531-8249(200005)47:5<606::aid-ana8>3.0.co;2-l] [Citation(s) in RCA: 194] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Reddy H, Narayanan S, Arnoutelis R, Jenkinson M, Antel J, Matthews PM, Arnold DL. Evidence for adaptive functional changes in the cerebral cortex with axonal injury from multiple sclerosis. Brain 2000; 123 ( Pt 11):2314-20. [PMID: 11050031 DOI: 10.1093/brain/123.11.2314] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Axonal injury occurs even in the earliest stages of multiple sclerosis. Magnetic resonance spectroscopic imaging (MRSI) measurements of brain N:-acetylaspartate (NAA), a marker of axonal integrity, show that this axonal injury can occur even in the absence of clinically evident functional impairments. To test whether cortical adaptive responses contribute to the maintenance of normal motor function in patients with multiple sclerosis, we performed MRSI and functional MRI (fMRI) examinations of nine multiple sclerosis patients who had unimpaired hand function. We found that activation of the ipsilateral sensorimotor cortex with simple hand movements was increased by a mean of fivefold relative to normal controls (n = 8) and that the extent of this increase was strongly correlated (sigma = -0.93, P = 0.001) with decreases in brain NAA. These results suggest that compensatory cortical adaptive responses may help to account for the limited relationship between conventional MRI measures of lesion burden and clinical measures of disability, and that therapies directed towards promoting cortical reorganization in response to brain injury could enhance recovery from relapses of multiple sclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- H Reddy
- Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, Department of Clinical Neurology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Lee M, Reddy H, Johansen-Berg H, Pendlebury S, Jenkinson M, Smith S, Palace J, Matthews PM. The motor cortex shows adaptive functional changes to brain injury from multiple sclerosis. Ann Neurol 2000; 47:606-13. [PMID: 10805331] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Although multiple sclerosis (MS) is an inflammatory demyelinating disease, there can be substantial axonal injury and loss. We therefore hypothesized that adaptive cortical changes may contribute to limiting functional impairment, particularly in the early stages of the disease. To test our hypothesis, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to characterize the localization and volumes of activation in the motor cortex during simple flexion-extension finger movements. There were differences in the patterns of cortical activation with movement between the 12 MS patients and the 12 normal controls. All patients showed greater relative supplementary motor area activation than did the normal controls. The relative hemispheric lateralization of sensorimotor cortex (SMC) activation decreased in direct proportion to the total cerebral T2-weighted MRI hyperintense lesion load. This appeared to be due primarily to increases in ipsilateral SMC activation with increasing lesion load in white matter of the hemisphere contralateral to the limb moved. The center of activation in the contralateral SMC was shifted a mean of 8.8 mm posterior in patients relative to controls, providing additional evidence for cortical adaptive responses to injury. The magnitude of this posterior shift in the SMC activation increased with greater T2 lesion loads. These observations demonstrate that cortical recruitment for simple finger movements can change both quantitatively and qualitatively in the SMCs of MS patients, suggesting that cortical reorganization or "unmasking" of latent pathways can contribute to functional recovery. These adaptive changes are another factor potentially limiting the strength of the relationship between MRI measures of pathology and clinical measures of disability.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Lee
- Centre for Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Brain, Department of Clincal Neurology, University of Oxford, John Radcliffe Hospital, UK
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Abstract
We explored the degree to which vision may alter kinaesthetic perception by asking participants to view their hand through a prism, introducing different horizontal deviations, while trying to align their fingers above and below a thin table. When the visual image of one hand was displaced this overwhelmed kinaesthetic judgements and participants reliably reported that they felt their limbs were aligned, even when they were laterally mis-aligned by as much as 10 cm. This effect, however, was mediated by 'visual capture' and when the task was attempted in a darkened room with limb position indicated by an LED taped to the finger, kinaesthesis dominated and participants reported that the LED seemed to become detached from their finger tip. In both light and dark conditions the finger was clearly visible and only the background detail was extinguished. Hence, in perceiving limb position, it appears that we believe in what we see, rather than in what we feel, when the visual background is rich, and in what we feel when the visual background is sparse.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Mon-Williams
- Department of Human Movement Studies, University of Queensland, St Lucia, Australia
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Thompson GR, Ford J, Jenkinson M, Trayner I. Efficacy of mevinolin as adjuvant therapy for refractory familial hypercholesterolaemia. Q J Med 1986; 60:803-11. [PMID: 3640503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Mevinolin, a potent inhibitor of cholesterol synthesis, was used as a therapeutic adjuvant in patients with refractory familial hypercholesterolaemia for an average period of 13 months. Sustained decreases in serum cholesterol of 23 and 31 per cent were achieved by doses of 20 mg and 40 mg/day respectively in 13 heterozygotes already on cholestyramine or after partial ileal bypass. Administration of 80 mg/day to three patients undergoing plasma exchange reduced peak serum cholesterol levels by 11.5 per cent in two homozygotes and by 17 per cent in a double heterozygote for familial hypercholesterolaemia and type III hyperlipoproteinaemia. The decrease in cholesterol was largely confined to low-density lipoprotein and no significant changes occurred in serum triglyceride or high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Mevinolin was well-tolerated except in one patient who developed myositic symptoms; asymptomatic, transient elevations of serum enzymes were observed in five others. Short and long Synacthen tests showed no evidence that the drug impaired adrenocortical response to ACTH. These results indicate that mevinolin provides a safe and highly effective means of reducing LDL levels in patients with heterozygous familial hypercholesterolaemia refractory to conventional treatment but is less useful in homozygotes.
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Ross KF, Jans DE, Larson PF, Mastaglia FL, Parsons R, Fulthrope JJ, Jenkinson M, Walton JN. Distribution of ribosomal RNA in fusing myoblasts. Nature 1970; 226:545-7. [PMID: 5442349 DOI: 10.1038/226545a0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
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