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Wątroba K, Pawełczak M, Kaźmierczak M. Dipeptide analogues of fluorinated aminophosphonic acid sodium salts as moderate competitive inhibitors of cathepsin C. Beilstein J Org Chem 2023; 19:434-439. [PMID: 37091732 PMCID: PMC10113521 DOI: 10.3762/bjoc.19.33] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2023] [Accepted: 04/05/2023] [Indexed: 04/25/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we present the solvolysis reaction of dipeptide analogues of fluorinated aminophosphonates with simultaneous quantitative deprotection of the amino group. To the best of our knowledge, this work is the first reported example of the application of fluorinated aminophosphonates in cathepsin C inhibition studies. The new molecules show moderate inhibition of the cathepsin C enzyme, which opens the door to consider them as potential therapeutic agents. Overall, our findings provide a new avenue for the development of fluorinated aminophosphonate-based inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Wątroba
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
| | | | - Marcin Kaźmierczak
- Faculty of Chemistry, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 8, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
- Centre for Advanced Technologies, Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznań, Uniwersytetu Poznańskiego 10, 61-614 Poznań, Poland
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2
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Jewgiński MP, Makowski M, Pawełczak M, Goldeman W, Trojanowska-Laskowska A, Kafarski P, Latajka R. Synthesis of Hybrid Tripeptide Peptidomimetics Containing Dehydroamino Acid and Aminophosphonic Acid in the Chain and Evaluation of Their Activity toward Cathepsin C. Chem Biodivers 2022; 19:e202101019. [PMID: 35343636 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202101019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2021] [Accepted: 03/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis of a new group of hybrid phosphonodehydropeptides composed of glycyl-(Z)-dehydrophenylalanine and structurally variable aminophosphonates alongside with investigations of their activity towards cathepsin C are presented. Obtained results suggest that the introduction of (Z)-dehydrophenylalanine residue into the short phosphonopeptide chain does induce the ordered conformation. Investigated peptides appeared to act as weak or moderate inhibitors of cathepsin C.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michał Paweł Jewgiński
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Maciej Makowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | | | - Waldemar Goldeman
- Department of Organic and Medical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Kafarski
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland.,Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Rafał Latajka
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370, Wroclaw, Poland
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3
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Wanat W, Talma M, Hurek J, Pawełczak M, Kafarski P. Substituted phosphonic analogues of phenylglycine as inhibitors of phenylalanine ammonia lyase from potatoes. Biochimie 2018; 151:119-127. [PMID: 29890205 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2018] [Accepted: 06/06/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
A series of phosphonic acid analogues of phenylglycine variously substituted in phenyl ring have been synthesized and evaluated for their inhibitory activity towards potato l-phenylalanine ammonia lyase. Most of the compounds appeared to act as moderate (micromolar) inhibitors of the enzyme. Analysis of their binding performed using molecular modeling have shown that they might be bound either in active site of the enzyme or in the non-physiologic site. The latter one is located in adjoining deep site nearby the to the entrance channel for substrate into active site.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weronika Wanat
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Michał Talma
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland
| | - Józef Hurek
- Department of Chemistry, University of Opole, ul. Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Pawełczak
- Department of Chemistry, University of Opole, ul. Oleska 48, 45-052, Opole, Poland
| | - Paweł Kafarski
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Science and Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370, Wrocław, Poland.
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4
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Lenartowicz P, Makowski M, Oszywa B, Haremza K, Latajka R, Pawełczak M, Kafarski P. Addition of thiols to the double bond of dipeptide C-terminal dehydroalanine as a source of new inhibitors of cathepsin C. Biochimie 2017; 139:46-55. [PMID: 28528273 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2017.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Addition of thiols to double bond of glycyl-dehydroalanine and phenyl-dehydroalanine esters provided micromolar inhibitors of cathepsin C. The structure-activity studies indicated that dipeptides containing N-terminal phenylalanine exhibit higher affinity towards the enzyme. A series of C-terminal S-substituted cysteines are responsible for varying interaction with S1 binding pocket of cathepsin C. Depending on diastereomer these compounds most likely act as slowly reacting substrates or competitive inhibitors. This was proved by TLC analysis of the medium in which interaction of methyl (S)-phenylalanyl-(R,S)-(S-adamantyl)cysteinate (7i) with the enzyme was studied. Molecular modeling enabled to establish their mode of binding showed that S2 pocket is long and narrow and accommodates phenyl group of phenylalanine while significantly spacious sites located at the surface of the enzyme (one of them being S1 pocket) bind the adamantyl moiety oriented in different direction for each stereoisomer. Finally replacement of carboxymethyl moiety of methyl (S)-phenylalanyl-(R,S)-(S-phenyl)cysteinate (7c) with nitrile group provided about 650-times more potent inhibitor of cathepsin C indicating that the studied C-terminal S-substituted cysteines are good activity probes for S1 binding pocket of this enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paweł Lenartowicz
- Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
| | - Maciej Makowski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Bartosz Oszywa
- Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Kinga Haremza
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Rafał Latajka
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Kafarski
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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5
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Węglarz-Tomczak E, Berlicki Ł, Pawełczak M, Nocek B, Joachimiak A, Mucha A. A structural insight into the P1S1 binding mode of diaminoethylphosphonic and phosphinic acids, selective inhibitors of alanine aminopeptidases. Eur J Med Chem 2016; 117:187-96. [PMID: 27100031 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2016.04.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/04/2016] [Accepted: 04/06/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
N'-substituted 1,2-diaminoethylphosphonic acids and 1,2-diaminoethylphosphinic dipeptides were explored to unveil the structural context of the unexpected selectivity of these inhibitors of M1 alanine aminopeptidases (APNs) versus M17 leucine aminopeptidase (LAP). The diaminophosphonic acids were obtained via aziridines in an improved synthetic procedure that was further expanded for the phosphinic pseudodipeptide system. The inhibitory activity, measured for three M1 and one M17 metalloaminopeptidases of different sources (bacterial, human and porcine), revealed several potent compounds (e.g., Ki = 65 nM of 1u for HsAPN). Two structures of an M1 representative (APN from Neisseria meningitidis) in complex with N-benzyl-1,2-diaminoethylphosphonic acid and N-cyclohexyl-1,2-diaminoethylphosphonic acid were determined by the X-ray crystallography. The analysis of these structures and the models of the phosphonic acid complexes of the human ortholog provided an insight into the role of the additional amino group and the hydrophobic substituents of the ligands within the S1 active site region.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ewelina Węglarz-Tomczak
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | - Łukasz Berlicki
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
| | | | - Bogusław Nocek
- Midwest Center for Structural Genomics and Structural Biology Center, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Andrzej Joachimiak
- Midwest Center for Structural Genomics and Structural Biology Center, Biosciences Division, Argonne National Laboratory, 9700 South Cass Avenue, Argonne, Illinois 60439, USA
| | - Artur Mucha
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
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6
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Makowski M, Lenartowicz P, Oszywa B, Jewgiński M, Pawełczak M, Kafarski P. Synthesis of dehydrodipeptide esters and their evaluation as inhibitors of cathepsin C. Med Chem Res 2015; 24:3157-3165. [PMID: 26190908 PMCID: PMC4500854 DOI: 10.1007/s00044-015-1366-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
The procedures for the synthesis of esters of dehydropeptides containing C-terminal (Z)-dehydrophenylalanine and dehydroalanine have been elaborated. These esters appeared to be moderate or weak inhibitors of cathepsin C, with some of them exhibiting slow-binding behavior. As shown by molecular modeling, they are rather bound at the surface of the enzyme and are not submersed in its binding cavities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maciej Makowski
- />Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Paweł Lenartowicz
- />Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Bartosz Oszywa
- />Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
| | - Michał Jewgiński
- />Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
| | | | - Paweł Kafarski
- />Faculty of Chemistry, Opole University, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland
- />Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland
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7
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Vassiliou S, Węglarz-Tomczak E, Berlicki Ł, Pawełczak M, Nocek B, Mulligan R, Joachimiak A, Mucha A. Structure-guided, single-point modifications in the phosphinic dipeptide structure yield highly potent and selective inhibitors of neutral aminopeptidases. J Med Chem 2014; 57:8140-51. [PMID: 25192493 PMCID: PMC4331105 DOI: 10.1021/jm501071f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Seven crystal structures of alanyl aminopeptidase from Neisseria meningitides (the etiological agent of meningitis, NmAPN) complexed with organophosphorus compounds were resolved to determine the optimal inhibitor-enzyme interactions. The enantiomeric phosphonic acid analogs of Leu and hPhe, which correspond to the P1 amino acid residues of well-processed substrates, were used to assess the impact of the absolute configuration and the stereospecific hydrogen bond network formed between the aminophosphonate polar head and the active site residues on the binding affinity. For the hPhe analog, an imperfect stereochemical complementarity could be overcome by incorporating an appropriate P1 side chain. The constitution of P1'-extended structures was rationally designed and the lead, phosphinic dipeptide hPhePψ[CH2]Phe, was modified in a single position. Introducing a heteroatom/heteroatom-based fragment to either the P1 or P1' residue required new synthetic pathways. The compounds in the refined structure were low nanomolar and subnanomolar inhibitors of N. meningitides, porcine and human APNs, and the reference leucine aminopeptidase (LAP). The unnatural phosphinic dipeptide analogs exhibited a high affinity for monozinc APNs associated with a reasonable selectivity versus dizinc LAP. Another set of crystal structures containing the NmAPN dipeptide ligand were used to verify and to confirm the predicted binding modes; furthermore, novel contacts, which were promising for inhibitor development, were identified, including a π-π stacking interaction between a pyridine ring and Tyr372.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Vassiliou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens , Panepistimiopolis, Zografou, 15701 Athens, Greece
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8
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Oszywa B, Makowski M, Pawełczak M. Purification and partial characterization of aminopeptidase from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds. Plant Physiol Biochem 2013; 65:75-80. [PMID: 23434924 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2013.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2012] [Accepted: 01/28/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Aminopeptidases (EC 3.4.11) are proteolytic enzymes, which hydrolyze one amino acid from N-terminus of peptidic substrates. Inhibitors of plant aminopeptidases can find an application in agriculture as herbicides. Isolation and partial characterization of aminopeptidase from barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seeds has been described. The enzyme was purified to molecular homogeneity using a six-step purification procedure (precipitation with (NH4)2SO4, followed by chromatography on Sephadex G-25, DEAE-Sepharose, Sephacryl HR 300, Macro-Prep Q and Phenyl-Sepharose HP columns). The enzyme was purified 365-fold with recovery above 18%. The molecular weight of the purified enzyme was determined by SDS-PAGE and gel filtration as 58 kDa, and was found to be a monomer. Its pH and temperature optima were 7.5 and 52 °C, respectively. The enzyme behaves as standard leucine aminopeptidase by preferring bulky amino acids at the N-terminus, with phenylalanine being of choice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bartosz Oszywa
- Faculty of Chemistry, University of Opole, Oleska 48, 45-052 Opole, Poland.
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9
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Gajda AD, Pawełczak M, Drag M. Substrate specificity screening of oat (Avena sativa) seeds aminopeptidase demonstrate unusually broad tolerance in S1 pocket. Plant Physiol Biochem 2012; 54:6-9. [PMID: 22366636 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2012.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2012] [Accepted: 02/01/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Aminopeptidases are proteolytic enzymes that remove one amino acid at a time from N-terminus of peptidic substrates. In plants, inhibitors of aminopeptidases can find potential applications in agriculture as herbicides. In this report we have used a library of fluorogenic derivatives of natural and unnatural amino acids for substrate specificity profiling of oat (Avena sativa) aminopeptidase. Interestingly, we have found that this enzyme recognizes effectively among the natural amino acids basic residues like Arg and Lys, hydrophobic Phe, Leu and Met, but also to some extent acidic residues Asp and Glu. In the case of unnatural amino acids hydrophobic residues (hPhe and hCha) and basic hArg were preferentially recognized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna D Gajda
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry, Wroclaw University of Technology, Wybrzeże Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland
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10
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Pícha J, Liboska R, Buděšínský M, Jiráček J, Pawełczak M, Mucha A. Unusual activity pattern of leucine aminopeptidase inhibitors based on phosphorus containing derivatives of methionine and norleucine. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2010; 26:155-61. [PMID: 20578976 DOI: 10.3109/14756366.2010.482047] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Ligands containing bulky aliphatic P1 residues exhibit a high affinity towards cytosolic leucine aminopeptidase, a bizinc protease of biomedical significance. According to this specificity, a series of phosphonic and phosphinic compounds have been put forward as novel putative inhibitors of the enzyme. These phosphonic and phosphinic compounds were derivatives of methionine and norleucine as both single amino acids and dipeptides. The designed inhibitors were synthesised and tested towards the peptidase isolated from porcine kidneys using an improved separation procedure affording superior homogeneity. Unexpectedly, organophosphorus derivatives of methionine and norleucine exhibited moderate activity with K(i) values in the micromolar range.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Pícha
- Institute of Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry, Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic, V.V.I., Flemingovo Nám., Praha, Czech Republic
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11
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Latajka R, Jewginski M, Makowski M, Pawełczak M, Huber T, Sewald N, Kafarski P. Pentapeptides containing two dehydrophenylalanine residues--synthesis, structural studies and evaluation of their activity towards cathepsin C. J Pept Sci 2008; 14:1084-95. [PMID: 18523964 DOI: 10.1002/psc.1045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Synthesis, structural and biological studies of pentapeptides containing two DeltaPhe residues (Z and E isomers) in position 2 and 4 in peptide chain were performed. All the investigated peptides adopted bent conformation and majority of them could exist as two different conformers in solution. Only pentapeptides, containing free N-termini appeared to act as weak inhibitors of cathepsin C with the slow-binding, competitive mechanism of inhibition, free acids being bound slightly better than their methyl esters. Results of molecular modeling suggested significant difference between peptides, depending of the type of amino acid residue in position 5 in peptide chain. Dehydropeptides containing Gly residue in this position may act as competitive slow-reacting substrates and therefore exhibit inhibitory-like properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Latajka
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
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12
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Mucha A, Lämmerhofer M, Lindner W, Pawełczak M, Kafarski P. Individual stereoisomers of phosphinic dipeptide inhibitor of leucine aminopeptidase. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2008; 18:1550-4. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2008.01.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/10/2008] [Revised: 01/29/2008] [Accepted: 01/29/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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13
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Vassiliou S, Xeilari M, Yiotakis A, Grembecka J, Pawełczak M, Kafarski P, Mucha A. A synthetic method for diversification of the P1' substituent in phosphinic dipeptides as a tool for exploration of the specificity of the S1' binding pockets of leucine aminopeptidases. Bioorg Med Chem 2007; 15:3187-200. [PMID: 17337192 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmc.2007.02.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2006] [Revised: 02/13/2007] [Accepted: 02/20/2007] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A novel, general, and versatile method of diversification of the P1' position in phosphinic pseudodipeptides, presumable inhibitors of proteolytic enzymes, was elaborated. The procedure was based on parallel derivatization of the amino group in the suitably protected phosphinate building blocks with appropriate alkyl and aryl halides. This synthetic strategy represents an original approach to phosphinic dipeptide chemistry. Its usefulness was confirmed by obtaining a series of P1' modified phosphinic dipeptides, inhibitors of cytosolic leucine aminopeptidase, through computer-aided design basing on the structure of homophenylalanyl-phenylalanine analogue (hPheP[CH(2)]Phe) bound in the enzyme active site as a lead structure. In this approach novel interactions between inhibitor P1' fragment and the S1' region of the enzyme, particularly hydrogen bonding involving Asn330 and Asp332 enzyme residues, were predicted. The details of the design, synthesis, and activity evaluation toward cytosolic leucine aminopeptidase and aminopeptidase N are discussed. Although the potency of the lead compound has not been improved, marked selectivity of the synthesized inhibitors toward both studied enzymes was observed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stamatia Vassiliou
- Laboratory of Organic Chemistry, Department of Chemistry, University of Athens, Panepistimiopolis Zografou, 15771 Athens, Greece
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14
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Mucha A, Kunert A, Grembecka J, Pawełczak M, Kafarski P. A phosphonamidate containing aromatic N-terminal amino group as inhibitor of leucine aminopeptidase-design, synthesis and stability. Eur J Med Chem 2006; 41:768-72. [PMID: 16690170 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2006.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2005] [Revised: 01/31/2006] [Accepted: 03/02/2006] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Fully deprotected phosphonamidate dipeptides, predicted as effective inhibitors of cytosolic leucine aminopeptidase, showed unexpected instability in water solution at pH below 12. Their hydrolysis rate was strictly correlated with basicity of the N-terminal amino group. To improve this feature a phosphonamidate analogue containing less basic, aromatic 2-aminophenylphosphonate residue in P1 position of the inhibitor was designed. The target compound was synthesised starting from diethyl 2-nitrophosphonate in several step procedure. The decrease in basicity of the terminal amino moiety of the modified analogue in fact resulted in satisfactory improvement of hydrolytic stability of the P-N bond. The developed phosphonamidate was proved to be fully resistant to hydrolysis above pH 7. Surprisingly, tested in enzymatic assays towards leucine aminopeptidase (optimum pH 8.5), it did not exhibit inhibition activity up to milimolar concentration. The explanation could be that diminishing the basic character of the terminal amino group may result in a change of its affinity towards the zinc ions.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mucha
- Department of Bioorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, Wrocław University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspiańskiego 27, 50-370 Wrocław, Poland.
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15
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Latajka R, Makowski M, Jewgiński M, Pawełczak M, Koroniak H, Kafarski P. Peptide p-nitrophenylanilides containing (E)-dehydrophenylalanine—synthesis, structural studies and evaluation of their activity towards cathepsin C. NEW J CHEM 2006. [DOI: 10.1039/b601634k] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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16
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Drag M, Grembecka J, Pawełczak M, Kafarski P. alpha-Aminoalkylphosphonates as a tool in experimental optimisation of P1 side chain shape of potential inhibitors in S1 pocket of leucine- and neutral aminopeptidases. Eur J Med Chem 2005; 40:764-71. [PMID: 16122579 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2005.02.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2004] [Revised: 02/14/2005] [Accepted: 02/24/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
The synthesis and biological activity studies of the series of structurally different alpha-aminoalkylphosphonates were performed in order to optimise the shape of the side chain of the potential inhibitors in S1 pocket of leucine aminopeptidase [E.C.3.4.11.1]. Analysis of a series of compounds with aromatic, aliphatic and alicyclic P1 side chains enabled to find out the structural features, optimal for that fragment of inhibitors of LAP. The most active among all investigated compounds were the phosphonic analogues of homo-tyrosine (K(i)=120 nM) and homo-phenylalanine (K(i)=140 nM), which even as racemic mixtures were better inhibitors in comparison with the best till now-phosphonic analogue of l-leucine (230 nM). Additional comparison of the inhibitory activity obtained for aminopeptidase N (APN, E.C.3.4.11.2) give insight into structural preferences of both enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcin Drag
- Institute of Organic Chemistry, Biochemistry and Biotechnology, University of Technology, Wybrzeze Wyspianskiego 27, 50-370 Wroclaw, Poland.
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Strzelecki EL, Gąsiorowska U, Gorazdowska M, Cader-Strzelecka B, Pawełczak M. Levels of aflatoxin B1, bacteria and fungi in feed and food in 1971 — 1987. Mycotoxin Res 1988; 4:89-96. [DOI: 10.1007/bf03192103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/1988] [Accepted: 09/29/1988] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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