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Henry C, Wilcox M, Asirvatham AL. Forskolin-mediated cAMP activation upregulates TNF-α expression despite NF-κB downregulation in LPS-treated Schwann cells. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0302223. [PMID: 38625986 PMCID: PMC11020835 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0302223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/30/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Although Schwann cells have been found to play a key role in inflammation and repair following nerve injury, the exact pathway is still unknown. To explore the mechanism by which Schwann cells exert their effects in the neuron microenvironment, we investigated two main inflammatory pathways: the NF-κB and cAMP pathways, and their downstream signaling molecules. In this study, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), a bacterial endotoxin, was used to activate the NF-κB pathway, and forskolin, a plant extract, was used to activate the cAMP pathway. The rat RT4-D6P2T Schwann cell line was treated with 0.1, 1, or 10 μg/mL of LPS, with or without 2 μM of forskolin, for 1, 3, 12, and 24 hours to determine the effects of elevated cAMP levels on LPS-treated cell viability. To investigate the effects of elevated cAMP levels on the expression of downstream signaling effector proteins, specifically NF-κB, TNF-α, AKAP95, and cyclin D3, as well as TNF-α secretion, RT4-D6P2T cells were incubated in the various treatment combinations for a 3-hour time period. Overall, results from the CellTiter-Glo viability assay revealed that forskolin increased viability in cells treated with smaller doses of LPS for 1 and 24 hours. For all time points, 10 μg/mL of LPS noticeably reduced viability regardless of forskolin treatment. Results from the Western blot analysis revealed that, at 10 μg/mL of LPS, forskolin upregulated the expression of TNF-α despite a downregulation of NF-κB, which was also accompanied by a decrease in TNF-α secretion. These results provide evidence that cAMP might regulate TNF-α expression through alternate pathways. Furthermore, although cAMP activation altered AKAP95 and cyclin D3 expression at different doses of LPS, there does not appear to be an association between the expression of AKAP95 or cyclin D3 and the expression of TNF-α. Exploring the possible interactions between cAMP, NF-κB, and other key inflammatory signaling pathways might reveal a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of nerve injury and inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn Henry
- Department of Biology, Misericordia University, Dallas, PA, United States of America
| | - Mackenzie Wilcox
- Department of Biology, Misericordia University, Dallas, PA, United States of America
| | - Angela L. Asirvatham
- Department of Biology, Misericordia University, Dallas, PA, United States of America
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2
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Moura I, Spittal W, Clark E, Ewin D, Altringham J, Fumero E, Grada A, Wilcox M, Buckley A. 224 Profiling the effects of acne therapeutics, including the novel narrow-spectrum antibiotic sarecycline, on the human microbiota. J Invest Dermatol 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jid.2021.08.229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Wilcox M, Canas LDS, Hargunani R, Tidswell T, Phillips J, Modat M, Ourselin S, Quick T. 22 Volumetric MRI; A Potential Outcome Measure of Muscle Reinnervation. Br J Surg 2021. [DOI: 10.1093/bjs/znab134.527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Improved outcome measures of muscle reinnervation would facilitate clinical translation of new therapies which hope to enhance human peripheral nerve repair. Valid outcome measures should be receptive to the biological process of muscle reinnervation and correlate with clinical assessments of muscular function. This study investigated the responsiveness of volumetric MRI to the biological process of muscle reinnervation and its relationship with clinical indices of muscular function.
Method
Twenty-five patients who underwent nerve transfer to reinnervate elbow flexor muscles were followed-up at a median time of 258 days (-86 to 1698 days) post-operatively for a mean of two (one to three) volumetric MRI assessments. Medical Research Council (MRC) grade, peak volitional force (PVF), muscular fatigue, co-contraction and Stanmore Percentage of Normal Elbow Assessment (SPONEA) was also measured at each appointment. The responsiveness of each parameter was compared using Pearson or Spearman correlation as appropriate.
Results
Elbow flexor muscle volume per unit BMI demonstrated responsiveness to the biological process of muscle reinnervation (R2=0.73, p < 0.001) and correlated with patient reported impairments of reinnervated muscle; co-contraction (R2=0.63, p = 0.02) and muscle fatigue (R2=0.64, p = 0.04).
Conclusions
Volumetric MRI may is an excellent candidate as an outcome measure of muscle reinnervation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wilcox
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - L D S Canas
- Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Hargunani
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Tidswell
- Royal Free Hospital, London, United Kingdom
| | - J Phillips
- University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - M Modat
- Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - S Ourselin
- Kings College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - T Quick
- Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, London, United Kingdom
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4
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Earl HM, Hiller L, Dunn J, Macpherson I, Rea D, Hughes-Davies L, McAdam K, Hall P, Mansi J, Wheatley D, Abraham JE, Caldas C, Gasson S, O'Riordan E, Wilcox M, Miles D, Cameron DA, Wardley A. Optimising the Duration of Adjuvant Trastuzumab in Early Breast Cancer in the UK. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2021; 33:15-19. [PMID: 32723485 PMCID: PMC7382576 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2020.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 06/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- H M Earl
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK; NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK.
| | - L Hiller
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - J Dunn
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - I Macpherson
- University of Glasgow, Institute of Cancer Sciences, Glasgow, UK
| | - D Rea
- Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - L Hughes-Davies
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK
| | - K McAdam
- Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK; Department of Oncology, Peterborough City Hospital, North West Anglia NHS Foundation Trust, Peterborough, UK
| | - P Hall
- Edinburgh University Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - J Mansi
- Department of Medical Oncology, Guy's Hospital, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust and King's College Medical School, London, UK
| | - D Wheatley
- Royal Cornwall Hospitals NHS Trust, Truro, UK
| | - J E Abraham
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK; NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - C Caldas
- Department of Oncology, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, UK; NIHR Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge, UK; Cancer Research UK Cambridge Institute, Li Ka Shing Centre, Cambridge, UK
| | - S Gasson
- Warwick Clinical Trials Unit, University of Warwick, Coventry, UK
| | - E O'Riordan
- Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, London, UK
| | - M Wilcox
- Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, London, UK
| | - D Miles
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood, UK
| | - D A Cameron
- Edinburgh University Cancer Research Centre, Institute of Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - A Wardley
- The NIHR Manchester Clinical Research Facility at The Christie, Manchester, UK; University of Manchester, Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, Manchester, UK
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5
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Brunt A, Haviland J, Wheatley D, Sydenham M, Alhasso A, Bloomfield D, Chan C, Churn M, Cleator S, Coles C, Emson M, Goodman A, Harnett A, Hopwood P, Kirby A, Kirwan C, Morris C, Nabi Z, Sawyer E, Somaiah N, Stones L, Syndikus I, Wilcox M, Bliss J, Yarnold J. OC-0610: FAST-Forward phase 3 RCT of 1-week hypofractionated breast radiotherapy: 5-year results. Radiother Oncol 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(21)00632-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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6
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Wilcox M, Canas LDS, Modat M, Phillips J, Hargunani R, Quick T. MRI Volumetric Assessment of Reinnervated Elbow Flexor Muscles Following Nerve Transfer. Semin Musculoskelet Radiol 2020. [DOI: 10.1055/s-0040-1722518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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7
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MacGowan A, Grier S, Stoddart M, Reynolds R, Rogers C, Pike K, Smartt H, Wilcox M, Wilson P, Kelsey M, Steer J, Gould FK, Perry JD, Howe R, Wootton M. Impact of rapid microbial identification on clinical outcomes in bloodstream infection: the RAPIDO randomized trial. Clin Microbiol Infect 2020; 26:1347-1354. [PMID: 32220636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmi.2020.01.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/17/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Bloodstream infection has a high mortality rate. It is not clear whether laboratory-based rapid identification of the organisms involved would improve outcome. METHODS The RAPIDO trial was an open parallel-group multicentre randomized controlled trial. We tested all positive blood cultures from hospitalized adults by conventional methods of microbial identification and those from patients randomized (1:1) to rapid diagnosis in addition to matrix-assisted desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) performed directly on positive blood cultures. The only primary outcome was 28-day mortality. Clinical advice on patient management was provided to members of both groups by infection specialists. RESULTS First positive blood culture samples from 8628 patients were randomized, 4312 into rapid diagnosis and 4136 into conventional diagnosis. After prespecified postrandomization exclusions, 2740 in the rapid diagnosis arm and 2810 in the conventional arm were included in the mortality analysis. There was no significant difference in 28-day survival (81.5% 2233/2740 rapid vs. 82.3% 2313/2810 conventional; hazard ratio 1.05, 95% confidence interval 0.93-1.19, p 0.42). Microbial identification was quicker in the rapid diagnosis group (median (interquartile range) 38.5 (26.7-50.3) hours after blood sampling vs. 50.3 (47.1-72.9) hours after blood sampling, p < 0.01), but times to effective antimicrobial therapy were no shorter (respectively median (interquartile range) 24 (2-78) hours vs. 13 (2-69) hours). There were no significant differences in 7-day mortality or total antibiotic consumption; times to resolution of fever, discharge from hospital or de-escalation of broad-spectrum therapy or 28-day Clostridioides difficile incidence. CONCLUSIONS Rapid identification of bloodstream pathogens by MALDI-TOF MS in this trial did not reduce patient mortality despite delivering laboratory data to clinicians sooner.
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Affiliation(s)
- A MacGowan
- Department of Pathology Sciences, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK.
| | - S Grier
- Department of Pathology Sciences, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - M Stoddart
- Department of Pathology Sciences, North Bristol NHS Trust, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - R Reynolds
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK
| | - C Rogers
- Bristol Royal Infirmary, Clinical Support Unit, Bristol, UK
| | - K Pike
- Bristol Royal Infirmary, Clinical Support Unit, Bristol, UK
| | - H Smartt
- Bristol Royal Infirmary, Clinical Support Unit, Bristol, UK
| | - M Wilcox
- Department of Microbiology, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds, UK
| | - P Wilson
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, UCLH NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - M Kelsey
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Whittington Hospital, Whittington NHS Trust, London, UK
| | - J Steer
- Department of Microbiology, Derriford Hospital, University Hospitals Plymouth NHS Trust, Plymouth, UK
| | - F K Gould
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England, UK
| | - J D Perry
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Freeman Hospital, Newcastle Upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Newcastle Upon Tyne, England, UK
| | - R Howe
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health Wales, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, UK
| | - M Wootton
- Department of Microbiology, Public Health Wales, Cardiff University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, Wales, UK
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8
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Rayner MLD, Brown HL, Wilcox M, Phillips JB, Quick TJ. Quantifying regeneration in patients following peripheral nerve injury. J Plast Reconstr Aesthet Surg 2019; 73:201-208. [PMID: 31831264 DOI: 10.1016/j.bjps.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Healthy nerve function provides humans with the control of movement; sensation (such as pain, touch and temperature) and the quality of skin, hair and nails. Injury to this complex system creates a deficit in function, which is slow to recover, and rarely, if ever, returns to what patients consider to be normal. Despite promising results in pre-clinical animal experimentation effective translation is challenged by a current inability to quantify nerve regeneration in human subjects and relate this to measurable and responsible clinical outcomes. In animal models, muscle and nerve tissue samples can be harvested following experimental intervention. This allows direct quantification of muscle mass and quality and quantity of regeneration of axons; such an approach is not applicable in human medicine as it would ensure a significant functional deficit. Nevertheless a greater understanding of this process would allow the relationship that exists between neural and neuromuscular regeneration and functional outcome to be more clearly understood. This article presents a combined commentary of current practice from a specialist clinical unit and research team with regard to laboratory and clinical quantification of nerve regeneration. We highlight how electrophysiological diagnostic methods (which are used with significant recognised limitations in the assessment of clinical medicine) can potentially be used with more validity to interpret and assess the processes of neural regeneration in the clinical context, thus throwing light on the factors at play in translating lab advances into the clinic.
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Affiliation(s)
- M L D Rayner
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London WC1N 1AX, UK; UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, London, UK.
| | - H L Brown
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, London, UK; Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, London, UK
| | - M Wilcox
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London WC1N 1AX, UK; UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, London, UK; Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, London, UK
| | - J B Phillips
- Department of Pharmacology, UCL School of Pharmacy, 29-39 Brunswick Square, Bloomsbury, London WC1N 1AX, UK; UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, London, UK
| | - T J Quick
- UCL Centre for Nerve Engineering, London, UK; Peripheral Nerve Injury Unit Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Brockley Hill, Stanmore, London, UK
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9
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Morgan J, Potter S, Sharma N, McIntosh SA, Coles CE, Dodwell D, Elder K, Gaunt C, Lyburn ID, McIntosh SA, Morgan J, Paramasivan S, Pinder S, Pirrie S, Potter S, Rea D, Roberts T, Sharma N, Stobart H, Taylor-Phillips S, Wallis M, Wilcox M. The SMALL Trial: A Big Change for Small Breast Cancers. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2019; 31:659-663. [PMID: 31160130 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2019.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Revised: 04/16/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Morgan
- University of Sheffield, FU32, The Medical School, Sheffield, UK
| | - S Potter
- Bristol Centre for Surgical Research, Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, Bristol, UK; Bristol Breast Care Centre, Southmead Hospital, Bristol, UK
| | - N Sharma
- Breast Unit, St James Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - S A McIntosh
- Centre for Cancer Research and Cell Biology, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast, UK.
| | | | | | - K Elder
- Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, UK
| | - C Gaunt
- CRCTU, University of Birmingham, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | - S Pirrie
- CRCTU, University of Birmingham, UK
| | | | - D Rea
- University of Birmingham, UK
| | | | - N Sharma
- St James's University Hospital, Leeds, UK
| | - H Stobart
- Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, UK
| | | | - M Wallis
- Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - M Wilcox
- Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, UK
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10
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Abstract
AIMS Improvements in the evaluation of outcomes following peripheral nerve injury are needed. Recent studies have identified muscle fatigue as an inevitable consequence of muscle reinnervation. This study aimed to quantify and characterize muscle fatigue within a standardized surgical model of muscle reinnervation. PATIENTS AND METHODS This retrospective cohort study included 12 patients who underwent Oberlin nerve transfer in an attempt to restore flexion of the elbow following brachial plexus injury. There were ten men and two women with a mean age of 45.5 years (27 to 69). The mean follow-up was 58 months (28 to 100). Repeated and sustained isometric contractions of the elbow flexors were used to assess fatigability of reinnervated muscle. The strength of elbow flexion was measured using a static dynamometer (KgF) and surface electromyography (sEMG). Recordings were used to quantify and characterize fatigability of the reinnervated elbow flexor muscles compared with the uninjured contralateral side. RESULTS The mean peak force of elbow flexion was 7.88 KgF (sd 3.80) compared with 20.65 KgF (sd 6.88) on the contralateral side (p < 0.001). Reinnervated elbow flexor muscles (biceps brachialis) showed sEMG evidence of fatigue earlier than normal controls with sustained (60-second) isometric contraction. Reinnervated elbow flexor muscles also showed a trend towards a faster twitch muscle fibre type. CONCLUSION The assessment of motor outcomes must involve more than peak force alone. Reinnervated muscle shows a shift towards fast twitch fibres following reinnervation with an earlier onset of fatigue. Our findings suggest that fatigue is a clinically relevant characteristic of reinnervated muscle. Adoption of these metrics into clinical practice and the assessment of outcome could allow a more meaningful comparison to be made between differing forms of treatment and encourage advances in the management of motor recovery following nerve transfer. Cite this article: Bone Joint J 2019;101-B:867-871.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Wilcox
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Research Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK.,University College London Centre for Nerve Engineering, London, UK
| | - H Brown
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Research Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK.,University College London Centre for Nerve Engineering, London, UK
| | - K Johnson
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Research Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - M Sinisi
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Research Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK
| | - T J Quick
- Peripheral Nerve Injury Research Unit, Royal National Orthopaedic Hospital, Stanmore, UK.,University College London Centre for Nerve Engineering, London, UK
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11
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Kirby AM, Bhattacharya IS, Wilcox M, Haviland JS. The IMPORT LOW Trial: Collaborative Research Accelerates Practice Change in Breast Radiotherapy. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2019; 31:5-8. [PMID: 30236641 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2018.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2018] [Accepted: 07/30/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- A M Kirby
- Royal Marsden NHS Foundation Trust, Sutton, UK; Institute of Cancer Research, Sutton, UK.
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12
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Berry C, Davies K, Woodford N, Wilcox M, Chilton C. Survey of screening methods, rates and policies for the detection of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae in English hospitals. J Hosp Infect 2018; 101:158-162. [PMID: 30092291 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2018.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Accepted: 08/01/2018] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Multi-drug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria are of major clinical concern. The increasing prevalence of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae (CPE), resistant to all beta-lactams including carbapenems and able to colonize the large intestine, represents a key threat. Rapid, accurate detection of intestinal CPE colonization is critical to minimize transmission, and hence reduce costly, difficult-to-treat CPE infections. There is currently no 'gold standard' CPE detection method. A survey of diagnostic laboratories in England found considerable heterogeneity in diagnostic CPE testing methods and procedures.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Berry
- Healthcare Associated Infection Research Group, Leeds Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK.
| | - K Davies
- Healthcare Associated Infection Research Group, Leeds Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - N Woodford
- NIS Laboratories, National Infection Service, Public Health England, Colindale, London, UK
| | - M Wilcox
- Healthcare Associated Infection Research Group, Leeds Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - C Chilton
- Healthcare Associated Infection Research Group, Leeds Institute for Biomedical and Clinical Sciences, University of Leeds and Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
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13
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Brunt A, Haviland J, Sydenham M, Al-hasso A, Bloomfield D, Chan C, Churn M, Cleator S, Coles C, Emson M, Goodman A, Griffin C, Harnett A, Hopwood P, Kirby A, Kirwan C, Morris C, Sawyer E, Somaiah N, Syndikus I, Wilcox M, Zotova R, Wheatley D, Bliss J, Yarnold J. OC-0595: FAST-Forward phase 3 RCT of 1-week hypofractionated breast radiotherapy:3-year normal tissue effects. Radiother Oncol 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/s0167-8140(18)30905-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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14
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Mazzoccanti G, Ismail OH, D'Acquarica I, Villani C, Manzo C, Wilcox M, Cavazzini A, Gasparrini F. Cannabis through the looking glass: chemo- and enantio-selective separation of phytocannabinoids by enantioselective ultra high performance supercritical fluid chromatography. Chem Commun (Camb) 2018; 53:12262-12265. [PMID: 29072720 DOI: 10.1039/c7cc06999e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
By using the Inverted Chirality Columns Approach (ICCA) we have developed an enantioselective UHPSFC method to determine the enantiomeric excess (ee) of (-)-Δ9-THC in medicinal marijuana (Bedrocan®). The ee was high (99.73%), but the concentration of the (+)-enantiomer (0.135%) was not negligible, and it is worth a systematic evaluation of bioactivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Mazzoccanti
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Tecnologie del Farmaco, Sapienza Università di Roma, p.le A. Moro 5, 00185 Roma, Italy.
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15
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Verschuur E, Collyar D, Oirsouw M, Pinto D, Stobart H, Wilcox M. Abstract P5-17-02: Patient advocates are partners in global breast research: Value is recognised by early advocate involvement in the PREvent ductal carcinoma in situ invasive overtreatment now (PRECISION) study and related trials. Cancer Res 2018. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs17-p5-17-02] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Early introduction and international collaboration of patient advocates is essential in the investigation of safe treatment of DCIS. This diagnosis has increased since the introduction of screening. The treatment of low risk DCIS has been the subject of debate, controversy, anxiety and cost to women and health services globally. There has been much "public" as well as "professional" discussion leading to considerable distress. Some surgeons have concerns about carrying out unnecessary surgery on patients with low risk DCIS, but this is current best practice due to lack of credible evidence that monitoring can be safe. Some women feel their "lives were saved" whilst others feel "mutilated" by "unnecessary” surgery. These women cannot know the true harm or benefit of the treatment which they receive without evidence from clinical trials and biological/molecular research.
Aims
· To provide evidence of the value of patient involvement.
· To encourage recruitment in "difficult to recruit studies" by educating the public, patients and clinicians.
· To assist in the design of effective information tools.
· To increase liaison between advocates internationally to understand differences in culture, health services, and patient expectation.
Methods
The PRECISION team includes 2 patient advocates from each of the DCIS randomized trials (LORIS in the UK, LORD in the Netherlands and COMET in the US).
Our group will liaise with other groups involved in the wider efforts around DCIS. We will take part in media interviews and public debates to raise awareness and the need for evidence to change practice to reduce overtreatment of low riskDCIS. We will work with our researcher colleagues in each PRECISION work project, join the PRECISION steering group, and liaise together via regular calls. Importantly, we will encourage awareness amongst clinicians to emphasize that patients wish to be informed about available trials, and that not to do so is denying patient choice.
Results
An increase in interest and recruitment can be measured and the influence of early involvement of patient advocates can be demonstrated so that the model can be used in other trials. The biology is intricate, scientific and exciting but it is crucial that the outcome is available and understood by all women and their physicians worldwide. The results will be promoted by patient advocates through publications, social media and patient groups. Advocates will appear as co-authors on scientific publications.
CONCLUSIONS With the increase in international clinical trials, there is a need for further understanding of the differences in practice and patient need in different hospitals - as well as in different countries. We will show the value of our collaboration by demonstrating the results of patient advocate involvement in the PRECISION program.
* The PRECISION Team is a Cancer Research UK Grand Challenge Award 2017 winning team and will be jointly funded by Cancer Research UK and the Dutch Cancer Society.
Citation Format: Verschuur E, Collyar D, Oirsouw Mv, Pinto D, Stobart H, Wilcox M, On Behalf of the PRECISION Project. Patient advocates are partners in global breast research: Value is recognised by early advocate involvement in the PREvent ductal carcinoma in situ invasive overtreatment now (PRECISION) study and related trials [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2017 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2017 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2018;78(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P5-17-02.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Verschuur
- Borstkanker Vereniging Nederland; Patient Advocates In Research (PAIR); www.DCIS411.com, San Diego; Independent Patients Cancer Voice; Netherlands Cancer Institute
| | - D Collyar
- Borstkanker Vereniging Nederland; Patient Advocates In Research (PAIR); www.DCIS411.com, San Diego; Independent Patients Cancer Voice; Netherlands Cancer Institute
| | - Mv Oirsouw
- Borstkanker Vereniging Nederland; Patient Advocates In Research (PAIR); www.DCIS411.com, San Diego; Independent Patients Cancer Voice; Netherlands Cancer Institute
| | - D Pinto
- Borstkanker Vereniging Nederland; Patient Advocates In Research (PAIR); www.DCIS411.com, San Diego; Independent Patients Cancer Voice; Netherlands Cancer Institute
| | - H Stobart
- Borstkanker Vereniging Nederland; Patient Advocates In Research (PAIR); www.DCIS411.com, San Diego; Independent Patients Cancer Voice; Netherlands Cancer Institute
| | - M Wilcox
- Borstkanker Vereniging Nederland; Patient Advocates In Research (PAIR); www.DCIS411.com, San Diego; Independent Patients Cancer Voice; Netherlands Cancer Institute
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Iglesias T, de Cerain AL, Irache JM, Martín-Arbella N, Wilcox M, Pearson J, Azqueta A. Corrigendum to 'Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mucus permeation capacity of several surface modified poly(anhydride) nanoparticles designed for oral drug delivery' [International Journal of Pharmaceutics 517 (2017) 67-79]. Int J Pharm 2017; 533:320. [PMID: 29056146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2017.10.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- T Iglesias
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
| | - A López de Cerain
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Spain
| | - J M Irache
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
| | - N Martín-Arbella
- Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology Department, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain
| | - M Wilcox
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Bioscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - J Pearson
- Institute for Cell and Molecular Bioscience, Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle Upon Tyne, NE2 4HH, UK
| | - A Azqueta
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Navarra, Irunlarrea 1, 31009, Pamplona, Spain; IdiSNA, Navarra Institute for Health Research, Spain.
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Singh JK, McEvoy K, Marla S, Wilcox M, Rea D, Hallissey MT, Francis A. Abstract P3-13-05: Multicentre observational study evaluating why mastectomies are advised by UK multi-disciplinary teams. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-p3-13-05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: Marked variation in mastectomy rates exists across the UK. Identification of variation in practice is a key step towards standardisation of service. The rationale for advising mastectomy by multi-disciplinary teams (MDTs) has not been previously explored in the UK. The main aim of this multicentre observational study was to describe current practice in MDT decision-making for patients undergoing mastectomy. A secondary aim was to determine utilisation of neoadjuvant therapies.
Methods: A multicentre, protocol-driven, prospective cohort study, led by trainees of the West Midlands Research Collaborative was performed during July and September 2015. Data was collected securely using Research Electronic Data Capture. Inclusion criteria were: women >18 years undergoing mastectomy for in situ/invasive disease; presenting with symptomatic or screen detected disease; performed as a primary procedure or following failure of breast conserving surgery (BCS); with or without immediate breast reconstruction (IR).
Results: A total of 1776 patients (1823 mastectomies; 47 bilateral procedures) from 68 units were included. Median age was 63 years (range 20-99). In total 481 (26%) IRs were performed; median IR rate was 22% (range 0-67%).
Mastectomy was advised by the MDT in 1402 (77%) cases. Reasons for advising mastectomy are shown in Table 1.
Table 1. MDT rationale for advising mastectomyRationaleNumber of mastectomiesProportion (%)Large tumour to breast size ratio making BCS unsuitable53029.1Multi-centric disease on imaging37220.4Extensive malignant microcalcification1799.8Previous radiotherapy (Breast/Mantle)1638.9Requiring further surgery for positive margins following BCS1588.7Central tumour1136.2Large primary tumour, patient not suitable for neoadjuvant endocrine or chemotherapy treatment1126.1Neoadjuvant therapy failed to downsize tumour to allow BCS884.8Neoadjuvant therapy apparently successful but mastectomy advised anyway794.3Family History-High Risk512.8
In total 153 patients with oestrogen receptor positive (ER+) tumours were offered neoadjuvant endocrine treatment (NET); 131 (86%) received treatment. A total of 293 post-menopausal women with uni-focal, ER+ tumours, >20mm were not offered NET; mastectomy was advised by MDTs in 202 patients and the rationale for advising mastectomy in 173 patients (86%) was large tumour to breast size ratio.
In total 104 patients with Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 over-expressing (HER2+) tumours were offered neoadjuvant chemotherapy and trastuzumab (NACT); 89 (86%) received treatment. A total of 88 women <70 years old with HER2+ tumours, >20mm were not offered NACT; mastectomy was advised by MDTs in 75 patients and rationale for advising mastectomy in 45 women (60%) was large tumour to breast size ratio.
Conclusions: Although most mastectomies are advised for large tumour to breast size ratio, there is inconsistency in the utilisation of neoadjuvant therapies with many potentially eligible patients with large tumours not being given the opportunity to be downsized. Application of standardised recommendations for neoadjuvant treatment resulting in increased and appropriate use of neoadjuvant therapies could reduce the number of mastectomies advised by MDTs.
Citation Format: Singh JK, McEvoy K, Marla S, Wilcox M, Rea D, Hallissey MT, Francis A, West Midlands Research Collaborative. Multicentre observational study evaluating why mastectomies are advised by UK multi-disciplinary teams [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr P3-13-05.
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Affiliation(s)
- JK Singh
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom; Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, United Kingdom
| | - K McEvoy
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom; Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, United Kingdom
| | - S Marla
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom; Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, United Kingdom
| | - M Wilcox
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom; Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, United Kingdom
| | - D Rea
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom; Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, United Kingdom
| | - MT Hallissey
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom; Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, United Kingdom
| | - A Francis
- University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust, Birmingham, United Kingdom; University Hospitals of Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Foundation Trust, Coventry, United Kingdom; Royal Wolverhampton Hospitals NHS Trust, Wolverhampton, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, United Kingdom
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Francis A, Bartlett J, Billingham L, Bowden S, Brookes C, Dodwell D, Evans A, Fairbrother P, Fallowfield L, Gaunt C, Hanby A, Jenkins V, Matthews L, Pinder S, Pirrie S, Rea D, Reed M, Roberts T, Thomas J, Wallis M, Wilcox M, Young J. Abstract OT1-03-01: The UK LORIS trial: Randomizing patients with low or low intermediate grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to surgery or active monitoring. Cancer Res 2017. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs16-ot1-03-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The independent review of the UK National Health Service Breast Screening Programme reported (The Lancet, Volume 380, Issue 9855, Page 1778, 17 Nov 2012) on the benefits and harms of breast screening. It concluded that breast screening saves lives and acknowledged the existence of overtreatment. It encouraged randomized trials to elucidate the appropriate treatment of screen-detected DCIS to gain a better understanding of its natural history. The LORIS trial addresses the possible overtreatment of low and low/intermediate grade screen-detected (low risk) DCIS by randomizing patients to standard surgical treatment or active monitoring, each with long term follow up.
Trial Design: LORIS is a phase III, multicentre, 2 arm study, with a built in 2 year Feasibility Phase, in patients confirmed to have low risk DCIS defined by strict criteria and determined by central pathology review. Patients will be randomized between standard surgery and active monitoring with annual mammography. Patients will be followed up for a minimum of 10 years.
Eligibility Criteria:
1) Female, age ≥ 46 years
2) Screen-detected or incidental microcalcification (with no mass lesion clinically or on imaging)
3) Low risk DCIS on large volume vacuum-assisted biopsy, confirmed by central pathology review
4) Patient fit to undergo surgery
5) No previous breast cancer or ipsilateral DCIS diagnosis
6) Written informed consent
Specific Aims: The LORIS Trial aims to establish whether patients with newly diagnosed low risk DCIS can safely avoid surgery without detriment to their wellbeing (psychological and physical) and whether those patients that do require surgery can be identified by pathological and radiological means.
Primary endpoint: Ipsilateral invasive breast cancer free survival time
Secondary endpoints: Overall survival; mastectomy rate; time to mastectomy; time to surgery; patient reported outcomes; health resource utilisation and assessment of predictive biomarkers.
A digital image data repository and tissue bank will provide a prospective resource for both translational and imaging studies.
Statistical Methods: A total of 932 patients will be randomized to a non-inferiority design to test the null hypothesis that active monitoring of women diagnosed with low risk DCIS is not non-inferior in terms of ipsilateral invasive breast cancer free survival (iiBCFS) time compared to treatment with surgery. The iiBCFS time will be compared across the two arms on a per protocol and intent-to-treat basis, using a 1-sided (α=0.05) log-rank test for non-inferiority. The iiBCFS rate is assumed to be 97.5% in the surgery arm at 5 years, utilizing 80% power to exclude a difference of more than 2.5% in the active monitoring arm.
Present Accrual and Target Accrual: 32 UK centres are open for the Feasibility Phase of the trial which is nearing completion. The web-based central pathology review process is functioning efficiently, with a one week maximum turn around. Registrations and sites randomizing patients are on or above target. Randomizations are currently approximately 70% of target. A total of 60 centres will open in the main trial.
Contact Information: For further information, please email the LORIS Trial Office LORIS@trials.bham.ac.uk.
Citation Format: Francis A, Bartlett J, Billingham L, Bowden S, Brookes C, Dodwell D, Evans A, Fairbrother P, Fallowfield L, Gaunt C, Hanby A, Jenkins V, Matthews L, Pinder S, Pirrie S, Rea D, Reed M, Roberts T, Thomas J, Wallis M, Wilcox M, Young J. The UK LORIS trial: Randomizing patients with low or low intermediate grade ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to surgery or active monitoring [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2016 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2016 Dec 6-10; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2017;77(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT1-03-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Francis
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; St James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, England, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Bartlett
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; St James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, England, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - L Billingham
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; St James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, England, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S Bowden
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; St James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, England, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - C Brookes
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; St James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, England, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D Dodwell
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; St James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, England, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Evans
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; St James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, England, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - P Fairbrother
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; St James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, England, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - L Fallowfield
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; St James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, England, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - C Gaunt
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; St James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, England, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - A Hanby
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; St James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, England, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - V Jenkins
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; St James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, England, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - L Matthews
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; St James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, England, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S Pinder
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; St James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, England, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - S Pirrie
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; St James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, England, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - D Rea
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; St James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, England, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Reed
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; St James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, England, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - T Roberts
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; St James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, England, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Thomas
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; St James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, England, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Wallis
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; St James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, England, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - M Wilcox
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; St James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, England, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - J Young
- University Hospital Birmingham, Birmingham, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, Canada; Cancer Research UK Clinical Trials Unit (CRCTU), Birmingham, United Kingdom; University of Leicester, Leicester, United Kingdom; St James's Hospital, Leeds, United Kingdom; University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom; Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, England, United Kingdom; SHORE-C, Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Brighton and Sussex Medical School, Brighton, United Kingdom; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, United Kingdom; Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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Iglesias T, López de Cerain A, Irache JM, Martín-Arbella N, Wilcox M, Pearson J, Azqueta A. Evaluation of the cytotoxicity, genotoxicity and mucus permeation capacity of several surface modified poly(anhydride) nanoparticles designed for oral drug delivery. Int J Pharm 2017; 517:67-79. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2016.11.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2016] [Revised: 11/23/2016] [Accepted: 11/27/2016] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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Haviland J, Yarnold J, Bliss J, Hopwood P, Wilcox M. Reply to Goodare et al. Re: Do Patient-reported Outcome Measures Agree with Clinical and Photographic Assessments of Normal Tissue Effects after Breast Radiotherapy? Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2016; 28:665-6. [PMID: 27477124 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2016.07.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 07/13/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- J Haviland
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - J Yarnold
- Division of Radiotherapy and Imaging, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - J Bliss
- ICR-CTSU, Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - P Hopwood
- ICR-CTSU, Division of Clinical Studies, The Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | - M Wilcox
- Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, London, UK
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Francis A, Fallowfield L, Bartlett J, Thomas J, Wallis M, Hanby A, Pinder S, Evans A, Billingham L, Brookes C, Dodwell D, Fairbrother P, Gaunt C, Jenkins V, Matthews L, Pirrie S, Reed M, Roberts T, Wilcox M, Young J, Rea D. Abstract OT2-02-04: The LORIS trial: A multicentre, randomised phase III trial of standard surgery versus active monitoring in women with newly diagnosed low risk ductal carcinoma in situ. Cancer Res 2016. [DOI: 10.1158/1538-7445.sabcs15-ot2-02-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
Background: The independent review of the UK National Health Service Breast Screening Programme reported (The Lancet, Volume 380, Issue 9855, Pages 1778 - 1786, 17 November 2012) on the benefits & harms of breast screening. It concluded that breast screening saves lives & acknowledged overtreatment. It encouraged randomized trials to elucidate the appropriate treatment of screen-detected ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS) to gain a better understanding of its natural history. The LORIS trial addresses overtreatment of low & low/Intermediate grade screen detected (low risk) DCIS by randomizing patients to standard surgical treatment or active monitoring.
Trial Design: LORIS is a phase III, multicentre, 2 arm study, with a 2 year feasibility phase, in patients confirmed to have low risk DCIS by central pathology review. Patients are randomised to standard surgery or active monitoring with annual mammography. Patients will be followed up for a minimum of 10 years.
Key Eligibility Criteria:
1) Female 46 years or over.
2) Screen-detected or incidental microcalcification (with no mass lesion clinically or on imaging)
3) Low risk DCIS on large volume vacuum-assisted biopsy, confirmed by central pathology review
4) Patient fit to undergo surgery
Specific Aims: The LORIS Trial aims to establish whether patients with newly diagnosed low risk DCIS can safely avoid surgery without detriment to their wellbeing (psychological and physical) & whether those patients that do require surgery can be identified by pathological and radiological means.
Primary endpoint: Ipsilateral invasive breast cancer free survival rate at 5 years
Secondary endpoints: Overall survival; mastectomy rate; time to mastectomy; time to surgery; patient reported outcomes & health resource utilisation.
A digital image data repository and tissue bank provide a prospective resource for both translational & imaging studies.
Statistical Methods: A total of 932 patients will be randomized to a non-inferiority design to test the null hypothesis that active monitoring of women diagnosed with low risk DCIS is not non-inferior in terms of 5 year ipsilateral invasive breast cancer free survival (iiBCFS) rate compared to treatment with surgery. The iiBCFS rate will be compared across the two arms on a per protocol and intent-to-treat basis, using a 1-sided (α=0.05) log-rank test for non-inferiority. The iiBCFS rate is assumed to be 97.5% in the surgery arm giving 80% power to exclude a difference of more than 2.5% in the active monitoring arm at 5 years.
Present Accrual and Target Accrual: 21 UK centres are open & the feasibility phase of the trial is recruiting to target. The web based central pathology review process is functioning well with a one week maximum turn around. A further 40 centres will be opened on completion of the feasibility phase.
Contact: LORIS@trials.bham.ac.uk
This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research [Health Technology Assessment Programme] (project number 11/36/16)
Department of Health Disclaimer: The views & opinions expressed therein are those of the authors & do not necessarily reflect those of the Health Technology Assessment Programme, NIHR, NHS or the Department of Health.
Citation Format: Francis A, Fallowfield L, Bartlett J, Thomas J, Wallis M, Hanby A, Pinder S, Evans A, Billingham L, Brookes C, Dodwell D, Fairbrother P, Gaunt C, Jenkins V, Matthews L, Pirrie S, Reed M, Roberts T, Wilcox M, Young J, Rea D. The LORIS trial: A multicentre, randomised phase III trial of standard surgery versus active monitoring in women with newly diagnosed low risk ductal carcinoma in situ. [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the Thirty-Eighth Annual CTRC-AACR San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium: 2015 Dec 8-12; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2016;76(4 Suppl):Abstract nr OT2-02-04.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Francis
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C) Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; ICPV, London, United Kingdom; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - L Fallowfield
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C) Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; ICPV, London, United Kingdom; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - J Bartlett
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C) Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; ICPV, London, United Kingdom; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - J Thomas
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C) Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; ICPV, London, United Kingdom; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - M Wallis
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C) Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; ICPV, London, United Kingdom; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - A Hanby
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C) Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; ICPV, London, United Kingdom; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - S Pinder
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C) Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; ICPV, London, United Kingdom; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - A Evans
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C) Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; ICPV, London, United Kingdom; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - L Billingham
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C) Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; ICPV, London, United Kingdom; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - C Brookes
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C) Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; ICPV, London, United Kingdom; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - D Dodwell
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C) Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; ICPV, London, United Kingdom; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - P Fairbrother
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C) Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; ICPV, London, United Kingdom; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - C Gaunt
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C) Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; ICPV, London, United Kingdom; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - V Jenkins
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C) Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; ICPV, London, United Kingdom; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - L Matthews
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C) Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; ICPV, London, United Kingdom; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - S Pirrie
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C) Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; ICPV, London, United Kingdom; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - M Reed
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C) Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; ICPV, London, United Kingdom; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - T Roberts
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C) Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; ICPV, London, United Kingdom; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - M Wilcox
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C) Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; ICPV, London, United Kingdom; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - J Young
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C) Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; ICPV, London, United Kingdom; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
| | - D Rea
- University Hospital Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; Sussex Health Outcomes Research & Education in Cancer (SHORE-C) Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom; Ontario Institute for Cancer Research, Toronto, ON, Canada; Western General Hospital, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom; Cambridge University Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Cambridge, United Kingdom; University of Leeds, Leeds, Yorkshire, United Kingdom; King's College London, London, United Kingdom; Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland, United Kingdom; University of Birmingham, Birmingham, West Midlands, United Kingdom; ICPV, London, United Kingdom; Brighton & Sussex Medical School, Brighton, Sussex, United Kingdom
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Gasson S, Bliss J, Jamal-Hanjani M, Krebs M, Swanton C, Wilcox M. The Value of Patient and Public Involvement in Trial Design and Development. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2015; 27:747-9. [PMID: 26184690 DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2015.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- S Gasson
- Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, London, UK.
| | - J Bliss
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK
| | | | - M Krebs
- The University of Manchester and The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester, UK
| | - C Swanton
- Institute of Cancer Research, London, UK; The Francis Crick Institute, London, UK
| | - M Wilcox
- Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, London, UK
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Gerding DN, Hecht DW, Louie T, Nord CE, Talbot GH, Cornely OA, Buitrago M, Best E, Sambol S, Osmolski JR, Kracker H, Locher HH, Charef P, Wilcox M. Susceptibility of Clostridium difficile isolates from a Phase 2 clinical trial of cadazolid and vancomycin in C. difficile infection. J Antimicrob Chemother 2015; 71:213-9. [PMID: 26433782 PMCID: PMC4681371 DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkv300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2015] [Accepted: 08/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives The aim of this study was to evaluate the susceptibilities of Clostridium difficile isolates to cadazolid, a novel antibiotic for the treatment of C. difficile infection. Methods Ribotyping and susceptibilities were determined for C. difficile isolates from a multicentre, double-blind, Phase 2 study of oral cadazolid in patients with C. difficile infection (NCT01222702, ClinicalTrials.gov; EudraCT 2010-020941-29, European Clinical Trials Database). Patients were randomized to receive 250, 500 or 1000 mg of cadazolid twice daily or 125 mg of vancomycin four times daily, for 10 days. MICs of cadazolid, vancomycin, fidaxomicin, linezolid and moxifloxacin were determined at baseline for all patients and post-baseline for patients with clinical failure or recurrence, using the agar dilution method. Results Seventy-eight of 84 patients had an evaluable toxigenic C. difficile isolate at baseline. The most frequent PCR ribotype was 027 (15.4%). Cadazolid MICs for baseline isolates (including epidemic strain 027) ranged from 0.06 to 0.25 mg/L. Baseline cadazolid MICs were similar to those of fidaxomicin and lower than those of vancomycin, linezolid and moxifloxacin. For each clinical outcome group (clinical cure, clinical failure, sustained clinical response and clinical failure or recurrence), the baseline cadazolid MIC range was 0.06–0.25 mg/L. Mean (min–max) cadazolid faecal concentration (μg/g) on day 5 was 884 (101–2710), 1706 (204–4230) and 3226 (1481–12 600) for the doses 250, 500 and 1000 mg, respectively. Conclusions For all cadazolid doses, the faecal concentration was in excess of several thousand-fold the MIC90 for C. difficile. The MIC of cadazolid for all C. difficile isolates, including epidemic strains, was low and in the same narrow range regardless of treatment outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- D N Gerding
- Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA Edward Hines Jr VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - D W Hecht
- Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA Edward Hines Jr VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - T Louie
- University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - C E Nord
- Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - O A Cornely
- Department of Internal Medicine, University Hospital of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Clinical Trials Centre Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany Excellence Cluster on Cellular Stress Responses in Aging-Associated Diseases (CECAD), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany
| | - M Buitrago
- Idaho Falls Infectious Diseases, Idaho Falls, ID, USA
| | - E Best
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - S Sambol
- Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA Edward Hines Jr VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - J R Osmolski
- Loyola University, Maywood, IL, USA Edward Hines Jr VA Hospital, Hines, IL, USA
| | - H Kracker
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - H H Locher
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - P Charef
- Actelion Pharmaceuticals Ltd, Allschwil, Switzerland
| | - M Wilcox
- Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
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Pfahler PL, Wilcox M, Mulcahy DL, Knauft DA. IN VITRO GERMINATION AND POLLEN TUBE GROWTH OF MAIZE (ZEA MAYS L.) POLLEN. X. POLLEN SOURCE GENOTYPE AND GIBBERELLIN A3INTERACTIONS*. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2015. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1438-8677.1982.tb01596.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- P. L. Pfahler
- Department of Agronomy; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida 32611 (USA)
| | - M. Wilcox
- Department of Agronomy; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida 32611 (USA)
| | - D. L. Mulcahy
- Department of Botany; University of Massachusetts; Amherst Massachusetts 01002 (USA)
| | - D. A. Knauft
- Department of Agronomy; University of Florida; Gainesville Florida 32611 (USA)
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Fraise A, Wilkinson M, Bradley C, Paton S, Walker J, Maillard JY, Wesgate R, Hoffman P, Coia J, Woodall C, Fry C, Wilcox M. Development of a sporicidal test method for Clostridium difficile. J Hosp Infect 2015; 89:2-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2014.09.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2014] [Accepted: 09/22/2014] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
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26
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Dunn J, Donnelly P, Marshall A, Wilcox M, Watson E, Young A, Balmer C, Ramirez M, Hartup S, Maxwell A, Evans A. Follow-up in Early Breast Cancer — A Surgical and Radiological Perceptive. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2014; 26:625-9. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2014.06.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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Gasson S, MacKenzie M, Morgan A, Morris C, Randle K, Stobart H, Turner L, Wilcox M. Comfort Blanket or Clinical Need? The Role of Follow-up for Cancer Survivors. Clin Oncol (R Coll Radiol) 2014; 26:619-21. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clon.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2014] [Accepted: 04/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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Li RC, Krishnamoorthy P, DerOhannessian S, Doveikis J, Wilcox M, Thomas P, Rader DJ, Reilly MP, Van Voorhees A, Gelfand JM, Mehta NN. Psoriasis is associated with decreased plasma adiponectin levels independently of cardiometabolic risk factors. Clin Exp Dermatol 2014; 39:19-24. [PMID: 24341476 DOI: 10.1111/ced.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Psoriasis is an inflammatory skin disease that may be associated with an adverse cardiometabolic profile including modulated plasma adiponectin and leptin levels. Whether these levels are independent of cardiometabolic risk factors, which are also prevalent in psoriasis, is not known. METHODS A consecutive sample of 122 participants with varying degrees of psoriasis severity, and a random sample of 134 participants without psoriasis, were recruited for this case-control study. Cardiometabolic risk factors including traditional cardiovascular risk factors, waist circumference, insulin resistance, and total plasma adiponectin and leptin were measured. Total plasma adiponectin and leptin levels were compared in unadjusted and adjusted analyses by psoriasis status. RESULTS Participants with psoriasis had mostly mild disease and were mainly on topical therapies, but still had a more adverse cardiometabolic profile compared with those without psoriasis. Furthermore, plasma adiponectin levels were significantly lower in participants with psoriasis than those without {7.13 μg/mL [interquartile range (IQR) 4.9-11.3) vs. 14.5 μg/mL (IQR 8.4-24.1); P < 0.001]}. Plasma leptin (ng/mL) levels were higher in the psoriasis group but this did not reach statistical significance [11.3 (IQR 6.4-21.8) vs. 9.8 (IQR 4.9-20.5); P = 0.07]. In multivariable modelling, plasma adiponectin levels were still negatively associated with psoriasis status after adjusting for waist size (% difference = -41.2%, P < 0.001), insulin resistance (% difference = -39.5%, P < 0.001), and both waist size and insulin resistance (% difference = -38.5%, P < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Plasma levels of adiponectin were lower in psoriasis, and this relationship persisted after adjusting for cardiometabolic risk factors known to decrease adiponectin levels. These findings suggest that inflammation present in psoriasis may be associated with adipose tissue dysfunction; however, direct studies of adipose tissue are needed to confirm this.
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Affiliation(s)
- R C Li
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA; Center for Clinical Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of Pennsylvania Perelman School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Bassetti M, Baguneid M, Bouza E, Dryden M, Nathwani D, Wilcox M. European perspective and update on the management of complicated skin and soft tissue infections due to methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus after more than 10 years of experience with linezolid. Clin Microbiol Infect 2014; 20 Suppl 4:3-18. [DOI: 10.1111/1469-0691.12463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 77] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
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Heim C, Newport DJ, Heit S, Graham YP, Wilcox M, Bonsall R, Miller AH, Nemeroff CB. Stress Affects Expression of Inflammatory Genes in Immune Cells. JAMA 2014. [PMID: 10918705 DOI: 10.1001/jama.2013.285447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- C Heim
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University School of Medicine, 1639 Pierce Dr, WMRB, Suite 4000, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
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Loveday HP, Wilson JA, Pratt RJ, Golsorkhi M, Tingle A, Bak A, Browne J, Prieto J, Wilcox M, UK Department of Health. epic3: national evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections in NHS hospitals in England. J Hosp Infect 2014; 86 Suppl 1:S1-70. [PMID: 24330862 PMCID: PMC7114876 DOI: 10.1016/s0195-6701(13)60012-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 655] [Impact Index Per Article: 65.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
National evidence-based guidelines for preventing healthcare-associated infections (HCAI) in National Health Service (NHS) hospitals in England were originally commissioned by the Department of Health and developed during 1998-2000 by a nurse-led multi-professional team of researchers and specialist clinicians. Following extensive consultation, they were first published in January 2001(1) and updated in 2007.(2) A cardinal feature of evidence-based guidelines is that they are subject to timely review in order that new research evidence and technological advances can be identified, appraised and, if shown to be effective for the prevention of HCAI, incorporated into amended guidelines. Periodically updating the evidence base and guideline recommendations is essential in order to maintain their validity and authority. The Department of Health commissioned a review of new evidence and we have updated the evidence base for making infection prevention and control recommendations. A critical assessment of the updated evidence indicated that the epic2 guidelines published in 2007 remain robust, relevant and appropriate, but some guideline recommendations required adjustments to enhance clarity and a number of new recommendations were required. These have been clearly identified in the text. In addition, the synopses of evidence underpinning the guideline recommendations have been updated. These guidelines (epic3) provide comprehensive recommendations for preventing HCAI in hospital and other acute care settings based on the best currently available evidence. National evidence-based guidelines are broad principles of best practice that need to be integrated into local practice guidelines and audited to reduce variation in practice and maintain patient safety. Clinically effective infection prevention and control practice is an essential feature of patient protection. By incorporating these guidelines into routine daily clinical practice, patient safety can be enhanced and the risk of patients acquiring an infection during episodes of health care in NHS hospitals in England can be minimised.
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Affiliation(s)
- H P Loveday
- Richard Wells Research Centre, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London (London).
| | - J A Wilson
- Richard Wells Research Centre, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London (London)
| | - R J Pratt
- Richard Wells Research Centre, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London (London)
| | - M Golsorkhi
- Richard Wells Research Centre, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London (London)
| | - A Tingle
- Richard Wells Research Centre, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London (London)
| | - A Bak
- Richard Wells Research Centre, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London (London)
| | - J Browne
- Richard Wells Research Centre, College of Nursing, Midwifery and Healthcare, University of West London (London)
| | - J Prieto
- Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Southampton (Southampton)
| | - M Wilcox
- Microbiology and Infection Control, Leeds Teaching Hospitals and University of Leeds (Leeds)
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Morgan A, Gath J, MacKenzie M, Matthews A, Stobart H, Turner L, Wilcox M. Abstract P1-10-01: Patient advocate involvement shapes UK’s first national breast cancer tissue bank - The breast cancer campaign tissue bank. Cancer Res 2013. [DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.sabcs13-p1-10-01] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Abstract
The Breast Cancer Campaign Tissue Bank (BCCTB) was initiated in 2010 after the charity Breast Cancer Campaign heard from breast cancer experts that insufficient high quality breast cancer tissue was preventing research which would impact people with breast cancer1. The charity decided to involve patient advocates in the development of the BCCTB from the beginning.
Two advocates reviewed the initial applications to form the BCCTB. These included both single and multi-centre applications so they suggested that, rather than choosing one centre to form the Bank, the charity consider a collaboration of centres. Throughout the development of the BCCTB, the patient advocates asked the ‘elephant in the room’ questions and brought a different perspective. They also helped to design the Bank's processes, including the consent process and asking that all tissue applicants produce a lay summary of their research.
There are now two advocates on the Board which provides strategic direction to the BCCTB. The advocates have equal status to other Board members. There are also three advocates on the Tissue Access Committee which controls the use of tissue in the Bank. Lay summaries of projects have to be approved by all advocates before an application can proceed. This means that no precious tissue is released without the approval of a lay person, who can ensure maximum patient benefit will be achieved from any research. The Bank's data return policy was also driven by the patient advocates who were keen that the tissues donated were used to their maximum benefit. This has resulted in the first publication from BCCTB2
Patient advocates have been involved in promoting the use of tissue from the bank presenting at conferences and at BCCTB road shows. Patient advocates have also been involved in asking potential donors to consent to donate to the tissue bank.
The involvement of patient advocates in the development and oversight of the BCCTB has shown researchers that patient and public involvement works. The advocates can also help promote the Bank and the benefits of tissue donation to both professionals and lay groups.
The patient advocates involved in the Breast Cancer Campaign Tissue Bank are members of the charity Independent Cancer Patients’ Voice
1. Thompson P, Brennan K, Cox A, Gee J, Harcourt D, Harris A, Harvie M, Holen I, Howell A, Nicholson R, Steel M, Streuli C. Evaluation of the current knowledge limitations in breast cancer research: a gap analysis. Breast Cancer Res 2008: 10(2); R26.
2. Speirs V, Morgan A. Investment biobanking – increased returns on tissue samples. Nat Rev Clin Onc 2013; 10:128-129.
Citation Information: Cancer Res 2013;73(24 Suppl): Abstract nr P1-10-01.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Morgan
- Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, United Kingdom
| | - J Gath
- Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, United Kingdom
| | - M MacKenzie
- Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, United Kingdom
| | - A Matthews
- Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, United Kingdom
| | - H Stobart
- Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, United Kingdom
| | - L Turner
- Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, United Kingdom
| | - M Wilcox
- Independent Cancer Patients' Voice, United Kingdom
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Horner C, Fawley W, Morris K, Parnell P, Denton M, Wilcox M. Escherichia coli bacteraemia: 2 years of prospective regional surveillance (2010-12). J Antimicrob Chemother 2013; 69:91-100. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkt333] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
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Wilcox M, Mason H, Fouad FM, Rastam S, Ali RA, Capwell S, O’Flaherty M, Page TF, Maziak W. OP14 Cost Effectiveness Analysis of Salt Reduction Policies to Reduce Coronary Heart Disease in Syria. Br J Soc Med 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/jech-2013-203126.14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Madhivanan P, Ravi K, Wilcox M, Niranjankumar B, Shaheen R, Srinivas V, Arun A, Jaykrishna P, Krupp K. P2.003 Feasibility and Acceptability of Self-Collected Vaginal Swabs For Diagnosis of Bacterial Vaginosis Among Pregnant Women in a Community Setting in Rural Mysore, India. Br J Vener Dis 2013. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2013-051184.0268] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Marmot MG, Altman DG, Cameron DA, Dewar JA, Thompson SG, Wilcox M. The benefits and harms of breast cancer screening: an independent review. Br J Cancer 2013; 108:2205-40. [PMID: 23744281 PMCID: PMC3693450 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.2013.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 589] [Impact Index Per Article: 53.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M G Marmot
- UCL Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, UCL Institute of Health Equity, 1-19 Torrington Place, London WC1E 7HB,
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Horner C, Parnell P, Hall D, Kearns A, Heritage J, Wilcox M. Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus in elderly residents of care homes: colonization rates and molecular epidemiology. J Hosp Infect 2013; 83:212-8. [PMID: 23332564 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2012.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2012] [Accepted: 11/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is a significant cause of mortality and morbidity in healthcare and community settings; however, there is a paucity of large-scale, longitudinal studies monitoring the occurrence of MRSA in the care home setting. AIM To determine the molecular epidemiology of MRSA colonizing elderly residents of care homes. METHODS Residents in 65 care homes in Leeds, UK, were screened for MRSA nasal colonization in four consecutive years (2006-2009). Isolates were characterized using antibiotic susceptibility testing, detection of the Panton-Valentine leucocidin (PVL) locus, accessory gene regulator allotyping, characterization of the staphylococcal cassette chromosome mec element, spa-typing and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis. FINDINGS MRSA was recovered from 888 nasal swabs of 2492 residents and prevalence was similar (19-22%) throughout the study. Resistance to ≥3 antibiotic classes was common (34%), but resistance to only β-lactam agents was rare (3%); no PVL-positive isolates were identified. Most isolates were related to healthcare-associated epidemic-MRSA type 15 (EMRSA-15, ST22-IV); such isolates decreased in prevalence during the study (86-72%; P < 0.0001, χ(2)-test). The remainder belonged to five different multi-locus sequence type clonal complexes (CC). Most notably, CC59 strains increased in prevalence (10-25%; P < 0.0001, χ(2)-test) and were associated with high-level mupirocin resistance. CONCLUSIONS The molecular epidemiology of MRSA in care homes is complex and dynamic. There was a high, consistent prevalence of MRSA nasal colonization, dominated by healthcare-associated strains. Vigilance is recommended; however, as high-level mupirocin resistance was associated with a single clonal group (CC59) that significantly increased in prevalence during the study.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Horner
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Department of Microbiology, Old Medical School, Leeds, UK.
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Horner C, Mawer D, Wilcox M. Reduced susceptibility to chlorhexidine in staphylococci: is it increasing and does it matter? J Antimicrob Chemother 2012; 67:2547-59. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dks284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 196] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
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Horner C, Wilcox M, Barr B, Hall D, Hodgson G, Parnell P, Tompkins D. The longitudinal prevalence of MRSA in care home residents and the effectiveness of improving infection prevention knowledge and practice on colonisation using a stepped wedge study design. BMJ Open 2012; 2:e000423. [PMID: 22240647 PMCID: PMC3278489 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2011-000423] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives To determine the prevalence and health outcomes of meticillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) colonisation in elderly care home residents. To measure the effectiveness of improving infection prevention knowledge and practice on MRSA prevalence. Setting Care homes for elderly residents in Leeds, UK. Participants Residents able to give informed consent. Design A controlled intervention study, using a stepped wedge design, comprising 65 homes divided into three groups. Baseline MRSA prevalence was determined by screening the nares of residents (n=2492). An intervention based upon staff education and training on hand hygiene was delivered at three different times according to group number. Scores for three assessment methods, an audit of hand hygiene facilities, staff hand hygiene observations and an educational questionnaire, were collected before and after the intervention. After each group of homes received the intervention, all participants were screened for MRSA nasal colonisation. In total, four surveys took place between November 2006 and February 2009. Results MRSA prevalence was 20%, 19%, 22% and 21% in each survey, respectively. There was a significant improvement in scores for all three assessment methods post-intervention (p≤0.001). The intervention was associated with a small but significant increase in MRSA prevalence (p=0.023). MRSA colonisation was associated with previous and subsequent MRSA infection but was not significantly associated with subsequent hospitalisation or mortality. Conclusions The intervention did not result in a decrease in the prevalence of MRSA colonisation in care home residents. Additional measures will be required to reduce endemic MRSA colonisation in care homes.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Horner
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Leeds, Department of Microbiology, Old Medical School, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - M Wilcox
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust and University of Leeds, Department of Microbiology, Old Medical School, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - B Barr
- Division of Public Health, Quadrangle, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - D Hall
- NHS Leeds, Sycamore Lodge, Leeds, UK
| | - G Hodgson
- Leeds Teaching Hospitals NHS Trust, Infection Prevention and Control, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
| | - P Parnell
- Department of Microbiology, Old Medical School, Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, UK
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Wilson J, Hulme C, Stewart C, Schoeman S, Wilcox M. P3-S1.24 Cost effectiveness of self-taken vaginal swabs using GenProbe AC2 assay vs clinician taken urethral and endocervical swabs for detection of gonorrhoea. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Wilson J, Stewart C, Schoeman S, Booth R, Smith S, Wilcox M. P3-S1.44 Comparison of self-taken vulvo-vaginal swabs and clinician-taken endocervical swabs using the Gen-Probe Aptima Combo 2 assay vs clinician-taken urethral and endocervical swabs for culture of gonorrhoea. Br J Vener Dis 2011. [DOI: 10.1136/sextrans-2011-050108.444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
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Hope R, Mushtaq S, James D, Pllana T, Warner M, Livermore DM, Brown D, Rooney P, Palmer R, Croal J, Weinbren M, Hogue S, Gould K, Cumberland N, Logan M, Pillay DG, Thomas C, Want S, Oppenheim B, Kent R, Manjula, Rizkalla, Wade J, Wilcox M, Swann A, Leonard A, Galloway, Al-Wali W, Hudson SJ, Rogers J, Winstanley T, Riley UBG, Johnstone DJ, El-Bouri K, Jones G, MacGowan A, Jepson A, Unsworth, James E, Shetty N, Shemko M, Hastings M, Lafong C, Richards S, Nash J, Waghorn D, Cullen M, Todd N, Anderson AN, D'Arcy S, Goodburn C, Bignardi G. Tigecycline activity: low resistance rates but problematic disc breakpoints revealed by a multicentre sentinel survey in the UK. J Antimicrob Chemother 2010; 65:2602-9. [DOI: 10.1093/jac/dkq370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Abstract
The Wyoming Information, Signal Processing, and Robotics Laboratory is developing a wide variety of bio-inspired vision sensors. We are interested in exploring the vision system of various insects and adapting some of their features toward the development of specialized vision sensors. We do not attempt to supplant traditional digital imaging techniques but rather develop sensor systems tailor made for the application at hand. We envision that many applications may require a hybrid approach using conventional digital imaging techniques enhanced with bio-inspired analogue sensors. In this specific project, we investigated the apposition compound eye and its characteristics commonly found in diurnal insects and certain species of arthropods. We developed and characterized an array of apposition compound eye-type sensors and tested them on an autonomous robotic vehicle. The robot exhibits the ability to follow a pre-defined target and avoid specified obstacles using a simple control algorithm.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Davis
- Applied Research Laboratories, University of Texas, 10000 Burnet Rd, Austin, TX 78757, USA
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Kuijper EJ, Barbut F, Brazier JS, Kleinkauf N, Eckmanns T, Lambert ML, Drudy D, Fitzpatrick F, Wiuff C, Brown DJ, Coia JE, Pituch H, Reichert P, Even J, Mossong J, Widmer AF, Olsen KE, Allerberger F, Notermans DW, Delmée M, Coignard B, Wilcox M, Patel B, Frei R, Nagy E, Bouza E, Marin M, Åkerlund T, Virolainen-Julkunen A, Lyytikäinen O, Kotila S, Ingebretsen A, Smyth B, Rooney P, Poxton IR, Monnet DL. Update of Clostridium difficile infection due to PCR ribotype 027 in Europe, 2008. Euro Surveill 2008. [DOI: 10.2807/ese.13.31.18942-en] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) with increased severity, high relapse rate and significant mortality have been related to the emergence of a new, hypervirulent C. difficile strain in North America and Europe. This emerging strain is referred to as PCR ribotype 027 (Type 027). Since 2005, individual countries have developed surveillance studies about the spread of type 027. C. difficile Type 027 has been reported in 16 European countries. It has been responsible for outbreaks in Belgium, Germany, Finland, France, Ireland, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom (England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland). It has also been detected in Austria, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Hungary, Poland and Spain. Three countries experienced imported patients with CDI due to Type 027 who acquired the infection abroad. The antimicrobial resistance pattern is changing, and outbreaks due to clindamycin-resistant ermB positive Type 027 strains have occurred in three European countries. Ongoing epidemiological surveillance of cases of CDI, with periodic characterisation of the strains involved, is required to detect clustering of cases in time and space and to monitor the emergence of new, highly virulent clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Kuijper
- National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile. Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
| | - F Barbut
- National Reference Center for Clostridium difficile, Saint-Antoine Hospital, Paris, France
| | - J S Brazier
- Anaerobe Reference Laboratory, National Public Health Service for Wales Cardiff, University Hospital of Wales, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - N Kleinkauf
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - T Eckmanns
- Department for Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Robert Koch Institute, Berlin, Germany
| | - M L Lambert
- Epidemiology Unit, Scientific Institute of Public Health, Brussels, Belgium
| | - D Drudy
- Centre for Food Safety, Food Science and Veterinary Medicine, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - F Fitzpatrick
- Health Protection Surveillance Centre and Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - C Wiuff
- Health Protection Scotland, Section for Healthcare Associated Infection and Infection Control, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - D J Brown
- Scottish Clostridium difficile Reference Service, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - J E Coia
- Scottish Clostridium difficile Reference Service, Stobhill Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - H Pituch
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - P Reichert
- Division of Microbiology, National Public Health Laboratory, Luxembourg
| | - J Even
- Division of Microbiology, National Public Health Laboratory, Luxembourg
| | - J Mossong
- Division of Microbiology, National Public Health Laboratory, Luxembourg
| | - A F Widmer
- Division of Infectious diseases and Hospital Epidemiology, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - K E Olsen
- National Reference Laboratory for Enteropathogens, Statens Serum Institut, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - F Allerberger
- Österreichische Agentur für Gesundheit und Ernährungssicherheit (Austrian Agency for Health and Food Safety; AGES), Vienna, Austria
| | - D W Notermans
- Centrum Infectieziektebestrijding (Centre for Infectious Disease Control; CIb), Rijksinstituut voor Volksgezondheid en Milieu (National Institute for Public Health and the Environment; RIVM), Bilthoven, The Netherlands
| | - M Delmée
- Microbiology Department, Saint-Luc University Hospital, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B Coignard
- Departement of Infectious Diseases, Institut de Veille Sanitaire (National Public Health Institute; InVS), Saint-Maurice, France
| | - M Wilcox
- Clostridium difficile Ribotyping Network for England (CDRNE), Health Protection Agency, Reference Leeds General Infirmary, Leeds, United Kingdom
| | - B Patel
- Health Protection Agency, London, United Kingdom
| | - R Frei
- Microbiology Laboratory, University Hospital, Basel, Switzerland
| | - E Nagy
- Department of Clinical Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - E Bouza
- Department of Medical Microbiology, University General Hospital Gregorio Maranon, Madrid, Spain
| | - M Marin
- Department of Medical Microbiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - T Åkerlund
- Smittskyddsinstitutet (Swedish Institute for Infectious Disease Control; SMI), Solna, Sweden
| | | | - O Lyytikäinen
- Kansanterveyslaitos (National Public Health Institute; KTL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - S Kotila
- Kansanterveyslaitos (National Public Health Institute; KTL), Helsinki, Finland
| | - A Ingebretsen
- Department of Infection Prevention, Rikshospitalet, Oslo, Norway
| | - B Smyth
- Health Protection Agency, Communicable Disease Surveillance Centre (Northern Ireland), Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - P Rooney
- Microbiology Laboratory Belfast City Hospital, Belfast, United Kingdom
| | - I R Poxton
- Medical Microbiology, Centre for Infectious Diseases, University of Edinburgh College of Medicine and Veterinary Medicine, Edinburgh, United Kingdom
| | - D. L. Monnet
- European Centre for Disease Prevention and Control (ECDC), Stockholm, Sweden
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Kuijper EJ, Barbut F, Brazier JS, Kleinkauf N, Eckmanns T, Lambert ML, Drudy D, Fitzpatrick F, Wiuff C, Brown DJ, Coia JE, Pituch H, Reichert P, Even J, Mossong J, Widmer AF, Olsen KE, Allerberger F, Notermans DW, Delmée M, Coignard B, Wilcox M, Patel B, Frei R, Nagy E, Bouza E, Marin M, Akerlund T, Virolainen-Julkunen A, Lyytikäinen O, Kotila S, Ingebretsen A, Smyth B, Rooney P, Poxton IR, Monnet DL. Update of Clostridium difficile infection due to PCR ribotype 027 in Europe, 2008. Euro Surveill 2008; 13:18942. [PMID: 18761903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Outbreaks of Clostridium difficile infections (CDI) with increased severity, high relapse rate and significant mortality have been related to the emergence of a new, hypervirulent C. difficile strain in North America and Europe. This emerging strain is referred to as PCR ribotype 027 (Type 027). Since 2005, individual countries have developed surveillance studies about the spread of type 027.C. difficile Type 027 has been reported in 16 European countries. It has been responsible for outbreaks in Belgium, Germany, Finland, France, Ireland, Luxembourg, The Netherlands, Switzerland and the United Kingdom (England, Wales, Northern Ireland and Scotland). It has also been detected in Austria, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Hungary, Poland and Spain. Three countries experienced imported patients with CDI due to Type 027 who acquired the infection abroad.The antimicrobial resistance pattern is changing, and outbreaks due to clindamycin-resistant ermB positive Type 027 strains have occurred in three European countries. Ongoing epidemiological surveillance of cases of CDI, with periodic characterisation of the strains involved, is required to detect clustering of cases in time and space and to monitor the emergence of new, highly virulent clones.
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Affiliation(s)
- E J Kuijper
- National Reference Laboratory for Clostridium difficile. Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, The Netherlands
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Pierce R, Wilcox M. Preface. Semin Speech Lang 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1064429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Wilcox M. Enhancing Initial Communication Skills in Young Children with Developmental Disabilities Through Partner Programming. Semin Speech Lang 2008. [DOI: 10.1055/s-2008-1064197] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Hansen JD, Barrett SF, Wright CHG, Wilcox M. Autonomous vehicle navigation utilizing fuzzy controls concepts for a next generation wheelchair. Biomed Sci Instrum 2008; 44:69-75. [PMID: 19141895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Three different positioning techniques were investigated to create an autonomous vehicle that could accurately navigate towards a goal: Global Positioning System (GPS), compass dead reckoning, and Ackerman steering. Each technique utilized a fuzzy logic controller that maneuvered a four-wheel car towards a target. The reliability and the accuracy of the navigation methods were investigated by modeling the algorithms in software and implementing them in hardware. To implement the techniques in hardware, positioning sensors were interfaced to a remote control car and a microprocessor. The microprocessor utilized the sensor measurements to orient the car with respect to the target. Next, a fuzzy logic control algorithm adjusted the front wheel steering angle to minimize the difference between the heading and bearing. After minimizing the heading error, the car maintained a straight steering angle along its path to the final destination. The results of this research can be used to develop applications that require precise navigation. The design techniques can also be implemented on alternate platforms such as a wheelchair to assist with autonomous navigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- J D Hansen
- Rockwell Collins, Inc., Melbourne, FL, USA
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Wilcox M, Fawley W. Viral gastroenteritis increases the reports of Clostridium difficile infection. J Hosp Infect 2007; 66:395-6. [PMID: 17662506 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhin.2007.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2007] [Accepted: 05/15/2007] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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