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Peterson MN, Giblon RE, Achenbach SJ, Davis JM, TerKonda SP, Crowson CS. The Incidence and Outcomes of Breast Implants Among 1696 Women over more than 50 Years. Aesthetic Plast Surg 2023; 47:2268-2276. [PMID: 37580563 PMCID: PMC10841363 DOI: 10.1007/s00266-023-03535-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 07/19/2023] [Indexed: 08/16/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the incidence of women with breast implants in 1964-2017 MATERIALS AND METHODS: All women with breast implants in Olmsted County, MN between January 1, 1992 and December 31, 2017 were identified, and a comprehensive review of individual medical records was performed, adding to a previously identified cohort of women with breast implants in 1964-1991. Incidence rates were calculated and were age- and sex-adjusted to the US white female 2010 population. RESULTS In 1992-2017, 948 women with breast implants were identified, totaling 1696 Olmsted County, MN women with breast implants in 1964-2017. Overall incidence was 63.3 (95% CI 60.2-66.4) per 100,000 women, but incidence varied significantly over time. Women in 1964-1991 were more likely to have implants for cosmetic reasons and more likely to have silicone implants compared to the 1992-2017 cohort. The overall standardized mortality ratio was 1.17 (95% CI 0.99-1.38) in 1964-1991 and 0.94 (95% CI 0.66-1.29) in 1992-2017. In 1992-2017, breast reconstruction patients had a significantly elevated risk of implant rupture and implant removal versus breast augmentation patients. CONCLUSION The incidence of breast implants among women in Olmsted County, MN has varied drastically over the past five decades, with significant changes in the trends for implant type and reason. The findings of this study may provide further insight regarding how risks associated with implants may vary over time. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE III This journal requires that authors assign a level of evidence to each article. For a full description of these Evidence-Based Medicine ratings, please refer to the Table of Contents or the online Instructions to Authors www.springer.com/00266 .
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline N Peterson
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Rachel E Giblon
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Sara J Achenbach
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - John M Davis
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Sarvam P TerKonda
- Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, Mayo Clinic Florida, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | - Cynthia S Crowson
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
- Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA.
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Mousa J, Peterson MN, Crowson CS, Achenbach SJ, Atkinson EJ, Amin S, Khosla S, Davis JM, Myasoedova E. Validating the Fracture Risk Assessment Tool Score in a US Population-Based Study of Patients With Rheumatoid Arthritis. J Rheumatol 2023; 50:1279-1286. [PMID: 37399469 PMCID: PMC10543611 DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.2022-1293] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 06/12/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The World Health Organization fracture risk assessment tool (FRAX) algorithm for risk prediction of major osteoporotic and hip fractures accounts for several risk factors, including rheumatoid arthritis (RA), since individuals with RA have an excess burden of fractures. FRAX has not been validated in population-based RA cohorts in the US. We aimed to determine the accuracy of FRAX predictions for individuals with RA in the US. METHODS This retrospective population-based cohort study included residents of Olmsted County, Minnesota, who were followed until death, migration, or last medical record review. Each patient with RA (1987 American College of Rheumatology criteria met in 1980-2007, age 40-89 years) was matched 1:1 on age and sex to an individual without RA from the same underlying population. Ten-year predictions for major osteoporotic and hip fractures were estimated using the FRAX tool. Fractures were ascertained through follow-up, truncated at 10 years. Standardized incidence ratios (SIRs) and 95% CI were calculated to compare observed and predicted fractures. RESULTS The study included 662 patients with RA and 658 non-RA comparators (66.8% vs 66.9% female and a mean age of 60.6 vs 60.5 years, respectively). Among patients with RA, 76 major osteoporotic fractures and 21 hip fractures were observed during follow-up (median follow-up: 9.0 years) compared to 67.0 predicted major osteoporotic fractures (SIR 1.13, 95% CI 0.91-1.42) and 23.3 predicted hip fractures (SIR 0.90, 95% CI 0.59-1.38). The observed and predicted major osteoporotic and hip fracture risks were similar for patients with RA and non-RA comparators. CONCLUSION The FRAX tool is an accurate method for estimating major osteoporotic and hip fracture risk in patients with RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jehan Mousa
- J. Mousa, MD, Department of Clinical Genomics, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Madeline N Peterson
- M.N. Peterson, BS, J.M. Davis III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Cynthia S Crowson
- C.S. Crowson, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rochester, and Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sara J Achenbach
- S.J. Achenbach, MS, E.J. Atkinson, MS, Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Elizabeth J Atkinson
- S.J. Achenbach, MS, E.J. Atkinson, MS, Division of Clinical Trials and Biostatistics, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Shreyasee Amin
- S. Amin, MD, CM, MPH, E. Myasoedova, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rochester, and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Sundeep Khosla
- S. Khosla, MD, Division of Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, USA
| | - John M Davis
- M.N. Peterson, BS, J.M. Davis III, MD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Elena Myasoedova
- S. Amin, MD, CM, MPH, E. Myasoedova, MD, PhD, Division of Rheumatology, Department of Internal Medicine, Rochester, and Division of Epidemiology, Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota;
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Peterson MN, Dykhoff HJ, Crowson CS, Davis JM, Sangaralingham LR, Myasoedova E. Risk of rheumatoid arthritis diagnosis in statin users in a large nationwide US study. Arthritis Res Ther 2021; 23:244. [PMID: 34537063 PMCID: PMC8449497 DOI: 10.1186/s13075-021-02617-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective To evaluate the association between statin use and the risk of developing rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in a large, US case-control study. Methods Using the OptumLabs Data Warehouse, RA cases were identified as patients aged ≥18 years with ≥2 RA diagnoses between January 1, 2010 and June 30, 2019 and ≥1 prescription fills for methotrexate within 1 year of the first RA diagnosis. The first RA diagnosis was the index date. Cases were matched 1:1 to controls on age, sex, region, year of index date, and length of baseline coverage. Statin users were defined by having ≥2 statin prescription fills at least 90 days pre-index. Patients identified as statin users were further classified by statin user status (current or former), statin use duration, and intensity of statin exposure. Odds ratios for RA risk with statin use were estimated using logistic regression. Results 16,363 RA cases and 16,363 matched controls were identified. Among RA cases, 5509 (33.7%) patients were statin users compared to 5164 (31.6%) of the controls. Statin users had a slightly increased risk of RA compared to non-users (OR 1.12, 95% CI 1.06–1.18), and former statin users had an increased RA risk compared to current users (OR 1.21, 95% CI 1.13–1.28). However, risk was eliminated following adjustment for hyperlipidemia. The risk estimates for statin use duration and intensity did not reach significance. Conclusion This study demonstrates no significant increase in the risk of developing RA for statin users compared to non-users after adjustment for hyperlipidemia in addition to other relevant confounders. However, more information from prospective studies would be necessary to further understand this relationship. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13075-021-02617-5.
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Affiliation(s)
- Madeline N Peterson
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Hayley J Dykhoff
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Cynthia S Crowson
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.,Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - John M Davis
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Lindsey R Sangaralingham
- Robert D. and Patricia E. Kern Center for the Science of Health Care Delivery, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
| | - Elena Myasoedova
- Division of Rheumatology, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA. .,Department of Quantitative Health Sciences, Mayo Clinic, 200 First Street SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA.
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Abstract
Rate of dissoluton of calcium carbonate (calcite) was determined for a vertical profile 5000 mizeters deep in the central Pacific by measuring the loss of weight of optical calcite spheres arrayed on a mooring. Waters of the Pacific are undersaturated in all but the upper several hundred meters. A sharp increase in the rate of dissolution occurs at a depth of about 3700 meters, which corresponds closely to the depth below which calcite hias been dissolved from the sediments.
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Abstract
Chert is precipitating as gelatinous opal-cristobalite in lakes associated with the Coorong Lagoon of South Australia. Dolomite, magnesite, and magnesian calcite are also being deposited. High pH (9.5 to 10.2) causes dissolution of detrital silicates; lowering of pH (7.0 to 6.5) and drying of the lakes cause precipitation of chert. time.
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