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Dias SDC, de Brida AL, Jean-Baptiste MC, Leite LG, Ovruski SM, Lee JC, Garcia FRM. Compatibility of Entomopathogenic Nematodes with Chemical Insecticides for the Control of Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). Plants (Basel) 2024; 13:632. [PMID: 38475479 DOI: 10.3390/plants13050632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2023] [Revised: 02/12/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024]
Abstract
The spotted-wing drosophila, Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae), is a pest that reduces the productivity of small fruits. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) and chemical insecticides can suppress this pest, but the compatibility of the two approaches together requires further examination. This laboratory study evaluated the compatibility of Steinernema brazilense IBCBn 06, S. carpocapsae IBCBn 02, Heterorhabditis amazonensis IBCBn 24, and H. bacteriophora HB with ten chemical insecticides registered for managing D. suzukii pupae. In the first study, most insecticides at the recommended rate did not reduce the viability (% of living infective juveniles (IJs)) of S. braziliense and both Heterorhabditis species. The viability of S. carpocapsae was lowered by exposure to spinetoram, malathion, abamectin, azadirachtin, deltamethrin, lambda-cyhalothrin, malathion, and spinetoram after 48 h. During infectivity bioassays, phosmet was compatible with all the EPNs, causing minimal changes in infectivity (% pupal mortality) and efficiency relative to EPN-only controls, whereas lambda-cyhalothrin generally reduced infectivity of EPNs on D. suzukii pupae the most, with a 53, 75, 57, and 13% reduction in infectivity efficiency among H. bacteriophora, H. amazonensis, S. carpocapsae, and S. brazilense, respectively. The second study compared pupal mortality caused by the two most compatible nematode species and five insecticides in various combinations. Both Heterorhabditis species caused 78-79% mortality among D. suzukii pupae when used alone, and were tested in combination with spinetoram, malathion, azadirachtin, phosmet, or novaluron at a one-quarter rate. Notably, H. bacteriophora caused 79% mortality on D. suzukii pupae when used alone, and 89% mortality when combined with spinetoram, showing an additive effect. Novaluron drastically reduced the number of progeny IJs when combined with H. amazonensis by 270 IJs and H. bacteriophora by 218. Any adult flies that emerged from EPN-insecticide-treated pupae had a shorter lifespan than from untreated pupae. The combined use of Heterorhabditis and compatible chemical insecticides was promising, except for novaluron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio da Costa Dias
- Department of Ecology, Zoology and Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil
| | - Andressa Lima de Brida
- Department of Ecology, Zoology and Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil
| | | | - Luís Garrigós Leite
- Centro Experimental de Campinas, Instituto Bilógico, Rod. Heitor Penteado km 3, Campinas 13001-970, SP, Brazil
| | - Sergio M Ovruski
- IEMEN, Biological Pest Control Division, PROIMI Biotechnology, CCT NOA Sur-CONICET, Belgrano y Pje, Caseros Aveniew, San Miguel de Tucumán T4001MVB, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Jana C Lee
- Horticultural Crops Disease and Pest Management Research Unit, USDA-ARS, 3420 NW Orchard Ave., Corvallis, OR 97330-5014, USA
| | - Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia
- Department of Ecology, Zoology and Genetics, Institute of Biology, Federal University of Pelotas, Pelotas 96010-900, RS, Brazil
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Dias SC, de Brida AL, Jean-Baptiste MC, Leite LG, Ovruski SM, Garcia FRM. Pathogenicity and Virulence of Different Concentrations of Brazilian Isolates of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Drosophila suzukii. Neotrop Entomol 2023; 52:986-992. [PMID: 37495767 DOI: 10.1007/s13744-023-01065-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
The invasive pest Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura) (Diptera: Drosophilidae) was recently recorded in Brazil and constitutes a threat to fruit growing, mainly for small, soft fruits. Recent advances in research on ways of controlling D. suzukii involve the use of entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs). In this context, the objective of this study was to evaluate the pathogenicity and virulence of four isolates in different concentrations against D. suzukii pupae. The EPN isolates used in trials were Steinernema brazilense IBCBn 06, S. carpocapsae IBCBn 02, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HB, and H. amazonensis IBCBn 24. Both H. amazonensis IBCBn 24 and H. bacteriophora HB were effective in controlling D. suzukii as they caused a mortality rate of 86.25% and 80.0%, and virulence of 549.75 IJs/pupae and 787.75 IJs/pupae in the concentrations of 1800 IJs/ml and 5400 IJs/ml, respectively. The lowest lethal concentrations (LC50) of juveniles were found in host pupae with 771.63 IJs/ml of H. bacteriophora HB and 1115.49 IJs/ml of H. amazonensis IBCBn 24. Results showed that both EPNs, H. amazonensis IBCBn 24 and H. bacteriophora HB, could be promising eco-friendly biological agents to control D. suzukii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sérgio Costa Dias
- Departamento de Ecologia de Insetos, Zoologia E Genética Do Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | - Andressa Lima de Brida
- Departamento de Ecologia de Insetos, Zoologia E Genética Do Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil
| | | | | | - Sergio M Ovruski
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos Y Biotecnología (PROIMI-CONICET), División Control Biológico, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Flavio Roberto Mello Garcia
- Departamento de Ecologia de Insetos, Zoologia E Genética Do Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Universidade Federal de Pelotas (UFPel), Pelotas, Rio Grande Do Sul, Brazil.
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Dos Santos JJ, de Brida AL, Jean-Baptiste MC, Bernardi D, Wilcken SRS, Leite LG, Garcia FRM. Effectiveness of Steinernema rarum PAM 25 (Rhabditida: Steinernematidae) Against Drosophila suzukii (Diptera: Drosophilidae). J Econ Entomol 2022; 115:967-971. [PMID: 35187578 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toac010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Drosophila suzukii (Matsumura 1931) represents one of the main pests of small fruits. The use of biological agents is very promising for insect control. In the present study, the nematode Steinernema rarum PAM 25 was evaluated for the control of D. suzukii pupae, this species has not been evaluated previously. First, we evaluated the pathogenicity of S. rarum PAM 25 at the concentration of 1,000 infective juveniles (IJs) inoculated into D. suzukii pupae. In the second bioassay, we evaluated the influence of 1,500; 2,000; 2,500; 3,000; 4,000 IJs/ml nematode concentration and temperature on D. suzukii mortality. In the third bioassay, we evaluated the influence of the isolate S. rarum PAM 25 on D. suzukii adult lifespan following pupal infection, using the concentrations with the highest mortality rate of pupae at each temperature as determined in the second experiment. The S. rarum PAM 25 isolate is pathogenic to D. suzukii. The most effective temperature for S. rarum PAM 25 activity was 14°C at a concentration of 4,000 IJs/ml. Adults infected with S. rarum PAM 25 showed a significant reduction in longevity. The results confirmed the potential of S. rarum PAM 25 for the control of D. suzukii.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Junior Dos Santos
- Departamento de Ecologia de Insetos, Zoologia e Genética do Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Andressa Lima de Brida
- Departamento de Ecologia de Insetos, Zoologia e Genética do Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Maguintontz Cedney Jean-Baptiste
- Departamento de Ecologia de Insetos, Zoologia e Genética do Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bernardi
- Departamento de Fitossanidade, Faculdade de Agronomia Eliseu Maciel, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
| | - Silvia Renata Siciliano Wilcken
- Departamento de Proteção Vegetal, Laboratório de Nematologia Agrícola, Universidade Estadual Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | | | - Flavio Roberto Mello Garcia
- Departamento de Ecologia de Insetos, Zoologia e Genética do Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, RS, Brazil
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Jean-Baptiste MC, de Brida AL, Bernardi D, da Costa Dias S, de Bastos Pazini J, Leite LG, Wilcken SRS, Garcia FRM. Effectiveness of Entomopathogenic Nematodes Against Ceratitis capitata (Diptera: Tephritidae) Pupae and Nematode Compatibility with Chemical Insecticides. J Econ Entomol 2021; 114:248-256. [PMID: 33399211 DOI: 10.1093/jee/toaa301] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
The Mediterranean fruit fly Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann, 1824) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is among the main pests of fruit crops worldwide. Biological control using entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) may be an alternative to suppress populations of this pest. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the pathogenicity and virulence of six EPN isolates (Heterorhabditis bacteriophora HB, H. amazonensis IBCB-n24, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB-n02, S. rarum PAM-25, S. glaseri IBCB-n47, and S. brazilense IBCB-n06) against C. capitata pupae. The compatibility of EPNs with different chemical insecticides that are registered for management of C. capitata was also assessed. Isolates of H. bacteriophora HB and S. brazilense IBCB-n06 at a concentration of 1,000 infective juveniles (IJ)/ml proved to be most pathogenic to C. capitata (70 and 80% mortality, respectively). In contrast, the isolates H. amazonensis IBCB-n24, Steinernema carpocapsae IBCB-n02, S. rarum PAM-25, S. glaseri IBCB-n47 provided pupal mortality of less than 60%. Bioassays to determine lethal concentrations indicated that concentrations of 600 IJ/ml (H. bacteriophora HB) and 1,000 IJ/ml (S. brazilense IBCB-n06) showed the highest virulence against C. capitata pupae. In contrast, the highest numbers of IJs emerged at concentrations of 1,200 and 200 IJ/ml. In compatibility bioassays, malathion, spinetoram, phosmet, acetamiprid, and novaluron were considered compatible with and harmless (Class 1) to H. bacteriophora HB and S. brazilense IBCB-n06, according to IOBC/WPRS. This information is important for implementing integrated management programs for C. capitata, using biological control with EPNs, whether alone or in combination with chemical insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Andressa Lima de Brida
- Departamento de Ecologia de Insetos, Zoologia e Genética do Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Daniel Bernardi
- Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Sérgio da Costa Dias
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Entomologia do Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Juliano de Bastos Pazini
- Departamento de Fitossanidade, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | | | - Silvia Renata Siciliano Wilcken
- Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética do Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Flávio Roberto Mello Garcia
- Departamento de Ecologia de Insetos, Zoologia e Genética do Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
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