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Qashqari L, Shakweer D, Alzaben AS, Hanbazaza MA. Investigation of cost and availability of gluten-free food in Jeddah, KSA. J Taibah Univ Med Sci 2024; 19:422-428. [PMID: 38419959 PMCID: PMC10899026 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtumed.2024.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Objective The prevalence of celiac disease (CD) in KSA is progressively increasing. Consistent adherence to a gluten-free (GF) diet is the only effective CD treatment. The availability and cost of GF food are important factors in adherence to a GFD. The objective of this study was to investigate the cost and availability of GF food in a sample of local stores and supermarkets across Jeddah province in KSA. Method Eleven supermarkets in Jeddah, KSA, ranging from high budget/quality supermarkets to low-budget stores, were visited. Eight food categories were evaluated, including flour, breakfast cereals, breads, pastas, and snacks (e.g., biscuits, cookies, snack bars, and chips). The availability and cost of GF and gluten containing (GC) items within these food categories were recorded. Each item included in these food categories was counted, and the overall average price was calculated. Results A total of 233 GF and 24 GC products were found. Supermarket 1 had the highest availability of GF foods (n = 90), followed by supermarket 2 (n = 34), supermarket 3 (n = 30), supermarket 4 (n = 23), supermarket 5 (n = 21), supermarket 6 (n = 18), supermarket 7 (n = 9), and supermarket 8 (n = 8). The median price per 100 g was significantly greater for GF than GC products (p < 0.05). The cost of GF products was significantly higher than that of GC products (p < 0.05); consequently, GF foods were twice as expensive as their GC counterparts. Conclusion The availability of GF products was limited, and GF products were more expensive than standard GC products. High cost and limited availability are major roadblocks to GFD adherence among people with CD. Governmental organizations must cooperate with healthcare providers and food industries to ensure that GF foods are widely available and affordable for people with CD, to minimize financial pressure and improve health quality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya Qashqari
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Dana Shakweer
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
| | - Abeer S Alzaben
- Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, KSA
| | - Mahitab A Hanbazaza
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, KSA
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Almoraie NM, Shatwan IM, Althaiban MA, Hanbazaza MA, Wazzan HA, Aljefree NM. Associations between dietary intake, physical activity, and obesity among public school teachers in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1081928. [PMID: 36761223 PMCID: PMC9902718 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1081928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective We aimed to assess the dietary intake of certain food groups in a representative sample of public-school teachers living in Jeddah city. We also, examined the association of dietary intake with physical activity and obesity among schoolteachers. Methods The study was a cross-sectional online survey, conducted among 640 (177 male, 463 female) schoolteachers aged between 20 and 62 years old and working in public primary, intermediate, and high schools in Jeddah. Measurements included gender, weight, height, body mass index (BMI), health problems, and lifestyle behaviours, including physical activity levels, smoking status, and dietary intake. Results Based on gender, number of non-smoking women (94%) was higher than number of non-smoking men (57.1%) (P < 0.001). However, men were more active than women (P = 0.03). Regarding BMI, there were more overweight men than women, while obese women numbered more than men (P = 0.003). There was no significant difference in dietary intake between men and women except that men consumed more soft drinks than women (P = 0.002). Lower physically active schoolteachers were less likely to consume salad (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9; P = 0.02), vegetables (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.3-0.9; P = 0.01), beans and legumes (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.7; P = 0.005), wholegrain bread (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9; P = 0.03), dairy products (OR = 0.6, 95% CI 0.4-0.9; P = 0.01), snacks (OR = 0.5, 95% CI 0.2-0.8; P = 0.01), and fish (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.2-0.9; P = 0.04) compared to those with high levels of physical activity. Only fruit intake was considered statistically significant (OR = 0.4, 95% CI 0.3-0.7; P = 0.003). The study found a relationship between the BMI of schoolteachers and food intake. Obese schoolteachers had lower consumption of fruits (OR = 0.3, 95% CI 0.2-0.7; P = 0.007) and white meat (OR = 0.5, 95%CI 0.3-0.9; P = 0.03) than schoolteachers in the normal weight group. Conclusion The high prevalence of physical activity, dietary intake and body weight among Saudi teachers is a major public health concern. The present study identified several lifestyle factors associated with body weight that may represent valid targets for the prevention and management of obesity among Saudi school teachers. Promoting active lifestyles and healthy diets would be primary targets for obesity prevention.
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Aljefree NM, Almoraie NM, Althaiban MA, Hanbazaza MA, Wazzan HA, Shatwan IM. Gender differences in knowledge, attitudes, and practices with respect to type 1 diabetes among Saudi public-school teachers. BMC Public Health 2023; 23:118. [PMID: 36650460 PMCID: PMC9847176 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-023-15043-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) need carefully monitoring even during school hours to avoid emergencies. Hence, it is crucial for teachers to have appropriate knowledge and positive attitudes toward diabetes to effectively manage the disease and its complications. This study aimed to compare the knowledge, attitudes, and practices with respect to T1DM among Saudi male and female public-school teachers living in Jeddah and to identify the associated factors. METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted among primary, intermediate, and secondary public-school teachers working in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia between October 2021 and March 2022. Data were collected through an online survey. The survey included information on the socio-demographics of school teachers, the presence of chronic diseases, teachers' health behaviours, and knowledge, attitude, and practice with respect to T1DM. RESULTS This study included 378 school teachers. The majority of school teachers from both genders were married, held a bachelor's degree, and aged 45-54 years. Male school teachers were married (P = 0.02), held postgraduate certificates (P < 0.001), smoked cigarette and shisha (P < 0.001), and were physically active (P < 0.001) compared to female school teachers. Regarding teachers' knowledge of T1DM, it was found that female teachers were significantly more knowledgeable of T1DM children's and its symptoms than male teachers (P = 0.03; P = 0.01, respectively). However, male teachers were more willing to accommodate T1DM students in their classes and attend programs to support T1DM students as compared to female teachers (P = 0.004; P = 0.004, respectively). Moreover, the study showed poor practice scores for T1DM. In addition, the knowledge, attitudes, and practice scores toward T1DM were significantly associated with advanced age (P = 0.002), and extended years of teaching experience (P ≤ 0.002). Also, diabetic teachers had the highest knowledge (P = 0.03) and attitude (P = 0.02) scores compared to non-diabetic teachers. Male teachers who were married (P = 0.002), shisha smokers (P = 0.01), and had never practiced activity (P = 0.03) had better attitudes and practices toward T1DM. Similarly, female teachers who held bachelor's certificates had better attitudes toward T1DM (P = 0.02). CONCLUSION The present study revealed moderate knowledge, favorable attitudes, and poor practices related to T1DM among school teachers in Jeddah. It is crucial for policymakers to provide school teachers with training for necessary diabetes care for diabetic students.
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Affiliation(s)
- Najlaa M. Aljefree
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 3270 Saudi Arabia
| | - Noha M. Almoraie
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 3270 Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha A. Althaiban
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 3270 Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahitab A. Hanbazaza
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 3270 Saudi Arabia
| | - Huda A. Wazzan
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 3270 Saudi Arabia
| | - Israa M. Shatwan
- grid.412125.10000 0001 0619 1117Food and Nutrition Department, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, 3270 Saudi Arabia
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Al-Sunaid FF, Al-Homidi MM, Al-Qahtani RM, Al-Ashwal RA, Mudhish GA, Hanbazaza MA, Al-Zaben AS. The influence of a gluten-free diet on health-related quality of life in individuals with celiac disease. BMC Gastroenterol 2021; 21:330. [PMID: 34433427 PMCID: PMC8390240 DOI: 10.1186/s12876-021-01908-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Adherence to a gluten-free diet (GFD) and food insecurity (FI) may influence health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in individuals with celiac disease (CD). This study aimed to investigate the association between adherence to a GFD, FI, and HRQOL in individuals with CD. Methods This cross-sectional study included 97 adults (mean age: 34 ± 9 years) diagnosed with CD. The participants were on a GFD for more than 6 months. Sociodemographic characteristics and medical history were assessed. Adherence to a GFD, FI, and HRQOL were assessed using validated questionnaires. Results Most participants (73%) adhered to a GFD, and 62% were experiencing FI. Individuals with CD faced difficulty in accessing GF foods due to the high cost (90%) and limited availability (79%). The mean overall HRQOL score was 60. Scores on the physical and mental health domains were 69 and 47, respectively. Adherence to a GFD was significantly associated with FI (P = 0.02), while there was no association between adherence to a GFD and HRQOL measures (P > 0.05). Participants facing FI had lower scores in emotional well-being and mental health domains, and overall HRQOL (P < 0.05). Conclusions The findings of the present study demonstrate that FI influences adherence to a GFD, and that FI is associated with HRQOL in terms of both emotional well-being and mental health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fahdah F Al-Sunaid
- Clinical Nutrition Program, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), PO Box 84428, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha M Al-Homidi
- Clinical Nutrition Program, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), PO Box 84428, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Rawan M Al-Qahtani
- Clinical Nutrition Program, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), PO Box 84428, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Reema A Al-Ashwal
- Clinical Nutrition Program, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), PO Box 84428, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghada A Mudhish
- Clinical Nutrition Program, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), PO Box 84428, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Mahitab A Hanbazaza
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University (KAU), Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Abeer S Al-Zaben
- Clinical Nutrition Program, Department of Health Sciences, College of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University (PNU), PO Box 84428, Riyadh, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia.
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Hanbazaza MA, Mumena WA. Food Security Status, Coping Strategies, and Health of Women's Welfare Society Beneficiaries in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia: A Facility-Based Study. Ecol Food Nutr 2021; 61:43-55. [PMID: 33993785 DOI: 10.1080/03670244.2021.1926244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
This study assessed the food security status of low-income women in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia in addition to their coping strategies, health, and well-being. A cross-sectional study was conducted on 113 women receiving food assistance from a women's welfare society. Data were collected using in-person structured interviews. Overall, 50% of the women were food-insecure. Compared with food-secure women, food-insecure women were more likely to utilize many coping strategies. The mean score of coping strategies was significantly greater among food-insecure women, than that of food-secure women (21.0 ± 5.35 and 10.2 ± 5.78, respectively; p < .001). Food-insecure women were also more likely to report poor mental and overall health compared to food-secure women (p = .008 and p < .001, respectively). However, there was no significant difference in life satisfaction between both food security groups (p = .260). Low-income women may use several strategies to cope with food insecurity, which may affect mental and overall health. Further research is needed on the effect of food insecurity on health and well-being of low-income groups in Saudi Arabia. Qualitative data are also needed to better understand the reasons of food insecurity and preventing poor health outcomes among disadvantaged populations in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahitab A Hanbazaza
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, Jeddah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa A Mumena
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, Madinah, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Hanbazaza MA, Mumena WA. Knowledge and Practices Related to Salt Intake among Saudi Adults. Int J Environ Res Public Health 2020; 17:E5749. [PMID: 32784844 PMCID: PMC7459814 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17165749] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2020] [Revised: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/06/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
In Saudi Arabia, data regarding salt-related knowledge and practices are still lacking. This cross-sectional study aimed to investigate salt-related knowledge and practices and associated factors in Saudi adults. Data on the following variables were collected from 467 participants living in Madinah or Jeddah via face-to-face interviews: demographics, anthropometrics (height and weight), blood pressure (assessed using a digital sphygmomanometer), salt-related knowledge, and practices related to salt intake. Salt-related knowledge and practices were limited among the study participants; however, they were not correlated (rs = 0.10). Multiple linear regression analysis revealed that salt-related practices were negatively associated with sodium intake and positively associated with body mass index (BMI) (p < 0.001 and p = 0.001, respectively), whereas salt-related knowledge was not associated with sodium intake, blood pressure, or BMI. Salt-related knowledge is limited and not linked to practices related to salt intake in Saudi adults. Interventions are needed to increase the accessibility of low-sodium food options and improve practices limiting sodium intake to prevent the occurrence of salt-related diseases among adults in Saudi Arabia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahitab A. Hanbazaza
- Department of Food and Nutrition, Faculty of Human Sciences and Design, King Abdulaziz University, P.O. Box 80200, Jeddah 21589, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Walaa A. Mumena
- Clinical Nutrition Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Taibah University, P.O. Box 344, Madinah 42353, Saudi Arabia
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Hanbazaza MA, Triador L, Ball GDC, Farmer A, Maximova K, Alexander First Nation, Willows ND. The Impact of School Gardening on Cree Children's Knowledge and Attitudes toward Vegetables and Fruit. CAN J DIET PRACT RES 2015; 76:133-9. [PMID: 26280793 DOI: 10.3148/cjdpr-2015-007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE School-based interventions may increase children's preferences for vegetables and fruit (V&F). This Canadian study measured changes in Indigenous First Nations schoolchildren's V&F knowledge, preferences, and home consumption following the implementation of a gardening and V&F snack program. METHODS At baseline, 7 months, and 18 months, children in grades 1-6 (i) listed at least 5 V&F they knew, (ii) tasted and indicated their preferences towards 9 vegetables and 8 fruit using a 6-point Likert scale, and (iii) indicated their home consumption of 17 V&F. RESULTS At all 3 time points, 56.8% (n = 66/116) of children provided data. Children listed a greater number of V&F at 18 months (4.9 ± 0.1) than at baseline (4.5 ± 1.0) or 7 months (4.7 ± .07) (F(1.6,105.6) = 6.225, P < 0.05). Vegetable preferences became more positive between baseline (37.9 ± 9.3) and 7 months (39.9 ± 9.2), but returned to baseline levels at 18 months (37.3 ± 8.7) (F(1.6,105.8) = 4.581, P < 0.05). Fruit preferences at 18 months (42.7 ± 3.0) were greater than at baseline (41.1 ± 4.3) and at 7 months (41.9 ± 5.1) (F(1.7,113.3) = 3.409, P < 0.05). No change in V&F consumption occurred at home. CONCLUSIONS Despite improvements in V&F knowledge and preferences, home consumption of V&F did not occur. Complementing school-based programs with home-based components may be needed to influence V&F intake of children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahitab A Hanbazaza
- a Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Lucila Triador
- a Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Geoff D C Ball
- b Department of Pediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | - Anna Farmer
- a Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB.,c School of Public Health, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
| | | | | | - Noreen D Willows
- a Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB
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