1
|
Mohammadi MR, Badrfam R, Zandifar A, Ahmadi N, Khaleghi A, Hooshyari Z, Alavi SS, Ahmadi A, Yousefi F, Jaberghaderi N, Nader-Mohammadi Moghadam M, Mohamadian F, Nazaribadie M, Sajedi Z, Farshidfar Z, Kaviani N, Davasazirani R, Jamshidzehi Shahbakhsh A, Roshandel Rad M, Shahbazi K, Rostami Khodaverdiloo R, Noohi Tehrani L, Nasiri M, Naderi F, Kiani A, Chegeni M, Hashemi Nasab SM, Ghaneian M, Parsamehr H, Nilforoshan N, Salmanian M, Zarafshan H. Social Capital of Parents of Children and Adolescents and Its Relation to Psychiatric Disorders; A Population-Based Study. Community Ment Health J 2022; 58:1157-1167. [PMID: 35031903 DOI: 10.1007/s10597-021-00926-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Social capital is a complex concept that is considered an effective factor in the development of societies. Considering the importance of burdens of psychiatric disorders in Iran, we studied the relationship between various dimensions of social capital of parents of children and adolescents and psychiatric disorders among them. In this cross-sectional study, 18,940 parents of children and adolescents aged 6 to 18 years old were randomly selected from all provinces of Iran and were evaluated by the Millon clinical multiaxial inventory-III (MCMI-III) and a modified version of Nahapiet and Ghoshal questionnaire. MCMI-III was designed as a self-report tool for investigating psychiatric clinical disorders and personality traits in the general population. Modified Nahapiet and ghoshal questionnaire has 20 items and measures four components of social capital included trust, values, communication, and collaboration. Validity and reliability of both questionnaires have been approved in Iran. In the regression model, the relationship between social capital components and clinical and sever clinical syndromes, in the form of regression weight and standard weight for trust was - 0.558 and - 0.062 with p value less than 0.0001, and for values was - 0.466 and - 0.057, respectively, with p value less than 0.0001. There was a reverse correlation between social capital components of parents of children and adolescents and psychiatric disorders in Iran. In regression statistical models, the two components of values and trust were negative predictors of psychiatric disorders. Considering the high prevalence of psychiatric disorders in Iran, it seems that the strengthening of cognitive and structural aspects of social capital of parents of children and adolescents is one of the effective factors in reducing the prevalence of these disorders among them.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rahim Badrfam
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Atefeh Zandifar
- Social Determinants of Health Research Center, Alborz University of Medical Sciences, Karaj, Iran
| | - Nastaran Ahmadi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Ali Khaleghi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Zahra Hooshyari
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyyed Salman Alavi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Ahmadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fayegh Yousefi
- Department of Psychiatry, Medical Faculty, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Nasrin Jaberghaderi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | | | - Fathola Mohamadian
- Department of Psychology, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Sciences, Ilam, Iran
| | - Marzieh Nazaribadie
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Sajedi
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran
| | - Zahra Farshidfar
- Graduate Student in Health Psychology, Gorgan Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Nahid Kaviani
- Health Deputy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Davasazirani
- Community Mental Health and Addiction Health Department of Khuzestan Province, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences (AJUMS), Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mahdie Nasiri
- Clinical Psychology, University of Alzahra, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fateme Naderi
- Medical Sciences, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Bandar Abbas, Iran
| | - Arezou Kiani
- Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Chegeni
- Department of Psychology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | | | - Mahnaz Ghaneian
- Department of Psychology, Najaf Abad Branch, Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad, Iran
| | - Hosien Parsamehr
- Imam Reza Psychiatric Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Neda Nilforoshan
- Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Branch, Yazd, Iran
| | - Maryam Salmanian
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Zarafshan
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Mohammadi MR, Khaleghi A, Mostafavi SA, Ahmadi N, Kamali K, Hooshyari Z, Ahmadi A, Fadaei Fooladi M, Mohammadzadeh S, Hojjat SK, Sarraf N, Nazaribadie M, Farshidfar Z, Mohamadian F, Sajedi Z, Shahbakhsh R, Nasiri M, Chegeni M, Rostami R, Riasati A, Shahbazi K, Roshandel Rad M, Ghaneian M, Parsamehr H, Nilforoshan N, Naderi F, Noohi Tehrani L, Kaviani N, Davasazirani R, Hashemi Nasab SM, Kiani A, Amiri S, Ahmadipour A, Alavi SS, Salmanian M. Gender Determines the Pattern of Correlation between Body Mass Index and Major Depressive Disorder among Children and Adolescents: Results from Iranian Children and Adolescents' Psychiatric Disorders Study. Child Obes 2019; 15:331-337. [PMID: 31070473 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2018.0323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Background: We aimed to determine the correlation of BMI with depression and to determine the role of gender in this association, in a large study sample. Methods: We used the data of participants in the Iranian Children and Adolescents' Psychiatric Disorders (IRCAP) Study, conducted in 2017. This study was a national community-based, cross-sectional study in which the urban and rural areas of all provinces of Iran were covered. Overall 30,532 children and adolescents, ages 6-18, were randomly selected with the stratified cluster sampling method. Results: Of a total of 30,532 participants, 25,321, whose BMI had been measured and who had been interviewed with Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS), entered the study (12,455 boys and 12,866 girls). We categorized the participants according to the national cutoff points for BMI classification. After controlling for age, father's and mother's job and education, and place of residence, the odds ratio (OR) of depression in underweight, healthy weight, and overweight boys compared with obese boys was 2.19 [95% confidence interval (95% CI): 1.00-4.81], 1.06 (95% CI: 0.73-1.55), and 0.80 (95% CI: 0.49-1.32), respectively. In the girls' subgroup, after controlling for the aforementioned covariates, the OR of depression in healthy weight, overweight, and obese participants compared with underweight subjects was 1.29 (95% CI: 0.52-3.19), 1.54 (95% CI: 0.59-3.98), and 1.79 (95% CI: 0.68-4.69), respectively. Conclusions: Underweight boys were more likely diagnosed with depression than normal weight and overweight boys. While in girls, the probability of depression increased by increased BMI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
- 1 Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Khaleghi
- 1 Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed-Ali Mostafavi
- 1 Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nastaran Ahmadi
- 2 Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Koorosh Kamali
- 3 Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Zahra Hooshyari
- 1 Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ameneh Ahmadi
- 1 Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahbod Fadaei Fooladi
- 4 Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Soleiman Mohammadzadeh
- 5 Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran
| | - Seyed Kaveh Hojjat
- 6 Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Nasrin Sarraf
- 7 Department of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran
| | - Marzieh Nazaribadie
- 8 Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Zahra Farshidfar
- 9 Department of Health Psychology, Gorgan Islamic Azad University, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Fathola Mohamadian
- 10 Department of Psychology, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran
| | - Zahra Sajedi
- 11 Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran
| | - Rahim Shahbakhsh
- 12 Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Science and Culture, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahdie Nasiri
- 13 Department of Clinical Psychology, University of Alzahra, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mahboobeh Chegeni
- 14 Department of Psychology, Arak University of Medical Sciences, Arak, Iran
| | - Rohollah Rostami
- 15 Department of Psychiatry, Hafez Hospital, Shiraz University of Medical Sciences, Shiraz, Iran
| | - Atieh Riasati
- 16 Department of Psychology, Payam Noor University, Pardis Branch, Pardis, Iran
| | - Koroush Shahbazi
- 17 Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Karaj, Iran
| | - Mahboubeh Roshandel Rad
- 18 Department of Psychiatry, Shafa Hospital, Guilan University of Medical Sciences, Rasht, Iran
| | - Mahnaz Ghaneian
- 19 Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Najaf Abad Branch, Najaf Abad, Iran
| | - Hosien Parsamehr
- 20 Department of Psychology, Imam Reza Psychiatric Hospital, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Iran
| | - Neda Nilforoshan
- 21 Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Yazd Branch, Yazd, Iran
| | - Fateme Naderi
- 22 Department of Psychology, Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Hormozgan, Iran
| | - Leyla Noohi Tehrani
- 23 Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Shahrood Branch, Shahrood, Iran
| | - Nahid Kaviani
- 24 Health Deputy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Reza Davasazirani
- 25 Community Mental Health and Addiction Department, Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran
| | | | - Arezou Kiani
- 27 Department of Psychiatry, Urmia Medical University, Urmia, Iran
| | - Shahrokh Amiri
- 28 Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ahmad Ahmadipour
- 29 Department of Psychiatry, Khalij-E Fars Hospital, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr, Iran
| | - Seyyed Salman Alavi
- 1 Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Salmanian
- 1 Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Roozbeh Hospital, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Mohammadi MR, Alavi SS, Ahmadi N, Khaleghi A, Kamali K, Ahmadi A, Hooshyari Z, Mohamadian F, Jaberghaderi N, Nazaribadie M, Sajedi Z, Farshidfar Z, Kaviani N, Davasazirani R, Shahbakhsh AJ, Rad MR, Shahbazi K, Khodaverdloo RR, Tehrani LN, Nasiri M, Naderi F, Kiani A, Chegeni M, Hashemi Nasab SM, Ghaneian M, Parsamehr H, Nilforoushan N, Amiri S, Fooladi MF, Mohammadzadeh S, Ahmadipour A, Sarraf N, Hojjat SK, Nadermohammadi M, Mostafavi SA, Zarafshan H, Salmanian M, Shakiba A, Ashoori S. The prevalence, comorbidity and socio-demographic factors of depressive disorder among Iranian children and adolescents: To identify the main predictors of depression. J Affect Disord 2019; 247:1-10. [PMID: 30640024 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2019.01.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2018] [Revised: 12/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/04/2019] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Depressive disorders are a major public health problem in developed and developing countries. Recently, several risk factors have been described for depressive disorders in children and adolescents. The aim of the present study was to identify the main risk factors that can affect the incidence of depression in Iranian children and adolescents. METHODS A total of 30,546 children and adolescents (between 6 and 18 years of age) participated in a cross-sectional study to identify the predictors of depressive disorders. Depressive disorders were assessed using the Persian version of the Kiddie Schedule for Affective Disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-PL). In addition, a demographic characteristics questionnaire was completed by parents of the participants. The data was analyzed using the SPSS22 software via performing the descriptive analysis and the multiple logistic regression analysis methods. P-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. RESULTS Results showed that a higher age (15-18), being female, and the father's unemployment were associated with an increased odds ratio for depressive disorders. The age of 10-14 (OR = 2.1; 95% CI, 1.57-2.81), the age of 15-18 (OR = 4.44; 95% CI, 3.38-5.83), female gender (OR = 1.44; 95% CI, 1.2-1.73) and the father's unemployment (OR = 1.59; 95% CI, 1.01-2.5) were significant positive predictors, whereas, the mother's job (as a housewife) (OR = 0.66; 95% CI, 0.45-0.96) and a history of psychiatric hospitalization of the father and mother (OR = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.15-0.78 and OR = 0.34; 95% CI, 0.14-0.84) were negative predictors for depressive symptoms. CONCLUSION Depressive symptoms are common in children and adolescents and are correlated with age and gender. The assessment of the prevalence of psychiatric disorders, especially the depressive disorders and their comorbidities, may help to prevent mood disorders in children and adolescents.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Reza Mohammadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Seyyed Salman Alavi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Nastran Ahmadi
- Yazd Cardiovascular Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.
| | - Ali Khaleghi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Koorosh Kamali
- Department of Public Health, School of Public Health, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran.
| | - Ameneh Ahmadi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Zahra Hooshyari
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Fathola Mohamadian
- Department of Psychology, Psychosocial Injuries Research Center, Ilam University of Medical Science, Ilam, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Jaberghaderi
- Department of Clinical Psychology, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Marzieh Nazaribadie
- Research Center for Behavioral Disorders and Substance Abuse, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran.
| | - Zahra Sajedi
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, University of Semnan, Semnan, Iran.
| | | | - Nahid Kaviani
- Health Deputy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran.
| | - Reza Davasazirani
- Community Mental Health and Addiction Health Department of Khuzestan Province, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz, Iran.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fatemeh Naderi
- Hormozgan University of Medical Sciences, Hormozgan, Iran.
| | - Arezou Kiani
- Urmia University of Medical Sciences, Urmia, Iran.
| | | | | | - Mahnaz Ghaneian
- Department of Psychology, Islamic Azad University, Najafabad Branch, Najafabad, Iran.
| | - Hosein Parsamehr
- Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Imam Reza Psychiatric Hospital, Khorramabad, Iran.
| | | | - Shahrokh Amiri
- Research Center of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
| | - Mahbod Fadaei Fooladi
- Department of Psychology and Educational Sciences, Allameh Tabatabai University, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Soleiman Mohammadzadeh
- Department of Psychiatry, Neuroscience Research Center, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran.
| | - Ahmad Ahmadipour
- Department of Psychiatry, Booshehr University of Medical Sciences, Khalij-E Fars Hospital. Booshehr, Iran.
| | - Nasrin Sarraf
- Department of Child and Adolescents Psychiatry, School of Medicine, Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
| | - Seyed Kaveh Hojjat
- Addiction and Behavioral Sciences Research Center, North Khorasan University of Medical Sciences, Bojnurd, Iran.
| | | | - Seyed-Ali Mostafavi
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Hadi Zarafshan
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Maryam Salmanian
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Alia Shakiba
- Psychiatry and Psychology Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Simin Ashoori
- Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran.
| |
Collapse
|