1
|
Campos MP, Costa LJP, Nisti MB, Mazzilli BP. Phosphogypsum recycling in the building materials industry: assessment of the radon exhalation rate. J Environ Radioact 2017; 172:232-236. [PMID: 28395156 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2017.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 04/04/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Phosphogypsum can be classified as a Naturally Occurring Radioactive Material (NORM) residue of the phosphate fertilizer industry. One of the main environmental concerns of its use as building material is the radon exhalation. The aim of this study is to measure the radon exhalation rate from plates and bricks manufactured with phosphogypsum from three installations of the main Brazilian producer, Vale Fertilizantes, in order to evaluate the additional health risk to dwellers. A simple and reliable accumulator method involving a PVC pipe sealed with a PVC pipe cover commercially available with CR-39 radon detector into a diffusion chamber was used for measuring radon exhalation rate from phosphogypsum made plates and bricks. The radon exhalation rate from plates varied from 0.19 ± 0.06 Bq m-2 h-1, for phosphogypsum from Bunge Fertilizers, from 1.3 ± 0.3 Bq m-2 h-1, for phosphogypsum from Ultrafertil. As for the bricks, the results ranged from 0.11 ± 0.01 Bq m-2 h-1, for phosphogypsum from Bunge Fertilizers, to 1.2 ± 0.3 Bq m-2 h-1, for phosphogypsum from Ultrafertil. The results obtained in this study for the radon exhalation rate from phosphogypsum plates and bricks are of the same order of magnitude than those from ordinary building materials. So, it can be concluded that the recycling of phosphogypsum as building material is a safe practice, since no additional health risk is expected from the radiological point of view.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- M P Campos
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitária 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - L J P Costa
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitária 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - M B Nisti
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitária 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - B P Mazzilli
- Instituto de Pesquisas Energéticas e Nucleares, Av. Prof. Lineu Prestes, 2242, Cidade Universitária 05508-000, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Silva NC, Bossew P, Ferreira Filho AL, Campos TFC, Pereira AJSC, Yoshimura EM, Veiga LHS, Campos MP, Rocha Z, Paschuk SA, Bonotto DM. Towards a Brazilian radon map: consortium radon Brazil. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2014; 160:226-230. [PMID: 24743768 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncu089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Recently, the idea of generating radon map of Brazil has emerged. First attempts of coordinating radon surveys--carried out by different groups across the country--and initial discussions on how to proceed on a larger scale were made at the First Brazilian Radon Seminary, Natal, September 2012. Conventionally, it is believed that indoor radon is no major problem in Brazil, because the overall benign climate usually allows high ventilation rates. Nevertheless, scattered measurements have shown that moderately high indoor radon concentrations (up to a few hundred Bq m⁻³) do occur regionally. Brazilian geology is very diverse and there are regions where an elevated geogenic radon potential exists or is expected to exist. Therefore, a Brazilian Radon Survey is expected to be a challenge, although it appears an important issue, given the rising concern of the public about the quality of its environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N C Silva
- Laboratory of Poços de Caldas - LAPOC/CNEN, Rod. P. Caldas - Andradas km 13, Caldas 37701-570 P, Brazil
| | - P Bossew
- German Federal Office for Radioprotection - BfS, Köpenicker Allee 120-130, Berlin D-10318, Germany
| | - A L Ferreira Filho
- Northeast Regional Center of Nuclear Science - CRCN-NE/CNEN, Av. Prof. Luiz Freire, 200, Recife, Brazil
| | - T F C Campos
- Laboratory of Natural Radioactivity, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, Natal 59078-970, Brazil
| | - A J S C Pereira
- Department of Earth Sciences - IMAR-CMA, University of Coimbra, Coimbra 3000-272, Portugal
| | - E M Yoshimura
- Physics Institute - University of São Paulo - IFUSP, P.O. Box 66318, 05314-970, São Paulo, SP, Brazil
| | - L H S Veiga
- Institute for Radioprotection and Dosimetry - IRD/CNEN, Av. Salvador Allende, s/n, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M P Campos
- Centre for Development of Nuclear Technology - CDTN/CNEN, Belo Horizonte - MG 31270-901, Brazil
| | - Z Rocha
- Laboratorty of Natural Radioactivity, Nuclear and Energy Research Institute - IPEN/CNEN, 0558-000, SãoPaulo, SP, Brazil
| | - S A Paschuk
- Physics Department, Federal Technological University of Paraná - DAFIS/UFTPR, Curitiba 80230-901, PR, Brazil
| | - D M Bonotto
- Departament of Petrology and Metallogeny, State University of São Paulo - IGCE-UNESP, Rio Claro, SP, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Fonseca TL, Correa-Medina M, Campos MP, Wittmann G, Werneck-de-Castro JP, Arrojo e Drigo R, Mora-Garzon M, Ueta CB, Caicedo A, Fekete C, Gereben B, Lechan RM, Bianco AC. Coordination of hypothalamic and pituitary T3 production regulates TSH expression. J Clin Invest 2013; 123:1492-500. [PMID: 23524969 PMCID: PMC3613903 DOI: 10.1172/jci61231] [Citation(s) in RCA: 103] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Accepted: 01/31/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Type II deiodinase (D2) activates thyroid hormone by converting thyroxine (T4) to 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3). This allows plasma T4 to signal a negative feedback loop that inhibits production of thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH) in the mediobasal hypothalamus (MBH) and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) in the pituitary. To determine the relative contributions of these D2 pathways in the feedback loop, we developed 2 mouse strains with pituitary- and astrocyte-specific D2 knockdown (pit-D2 KO and astro-D2 KO mice, respectively). The pit-D2 KO mice had normal serum T3 and were systemically euthyroid, but exhibited an approximately 3-fold elevation in serum TSH levels and a 40% reduction in biological activity. This was the result of elevated serum T4 that increased D2-mediated T3 production in the MBH, thus decreasing Trh mRNA. That tanycytes, not astrocytes, are the cells within the MBH that mediate T4-to-T3 conversion was defined by studies using the astro-D2 KO mice. Despite near-complete loss of brain D2, tanycyte D2 was preserved in astro-D2 KO mice at levels that were sufficient to maintain both the T4-dependent negative feedback loop and thyroid economy. Taken together, these data demonstrated that the hypothalamic-thyroid axis is wired to maintain normal plasma T3 levels, which is achieved through coordination of T4-to-T3 conversion between thyrotrophs and tanycytes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatiana L. Fonseca
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Mayrin Correa-Medina
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maira P.O. Campos
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gabor Wittmann
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Joao P. Werneck-de-Castro
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Rafael Arrojo e Drigo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Magda Mora-Garzon
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Cintia Bagne Ueta
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Alejandro Caicedo
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Csaba Fekete
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balazs Gereben
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ronald M. Lechan
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Antonio C. Bianco
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Miller School of Medicine, University of Miami, Miami, Florida, USA.
Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Tufts Medical Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA.
Institute of Biophysics Carlos Chagas Filho and School of Physical Education and Sports, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
Department of Endocrine Neurobiology, Institute of Experimental Medicine, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| |
Collapse
|