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Kurdelas RR, Lima B, Tapia A, Egly Feresin G, Gonzalez Sierra M, Rodríguez MV, Zacchino S, Enriz RD, Freile ML. Antifungal activity of extracts and prenylated coumarins isolated from Baccharis darwinii Hook & Arn. (Asteraceae). Molecules 2010; 15:4898-907. [PMID: 20657398 PMCID: PMC6257657 DOI: 10.3390/molecules15074898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2010] [Revised: 07/01/2010] [Accepted: 07/07/2010] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The petroleum ether extract of Baccharis darwinii showed activity against Cryptococcus neoformans and dermatophytes. Bioactivity-guided fractionation of Baccharis darwinii has resulted in the isolation of three coumarins: 5'-hydroxy aurapten (anisocoumarin H, 1), aurapten (7-geranyloxycoumarin, 2) and 5'-oxoaurapten (diversinin, 3). The structures of these compounds were characterized by spectroscopic methods. These compounds were evaluated for their antimicrobialactivity against a panel of each, bacteria and fungi. Compound 3 showed the best activities against Microsporum gypseum, Trichophyton rubrum and Trichophyton mentagrophytes with MICs = 15.6 microg/mL, followed by compound 1 whose MICs against the same fungi were 62.5 microg/mL. In addition they showed fungicidal rather than fungistatic activity. Both compounds showed moderate activity (MICs = 125 microg/mL) against Cryptococcus neoformans. This is the first report of the presence of compound 1 in B. darwinii.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rita R. Kurdelas
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Patagónicos (LAPRONAP), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Km 4, CP 9000, Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut, Argentina; E-Mail: (R.R.K.)
| | - Beatriz Lima
- Instituto de Biotecnología - Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), CP5400, San Juan, Argentina; E-Mails: (A.T.); (B.L.); (G.E.F.)
| | - Alejandro Tapia
- Instituto de Biotecnología - Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), CP5400, San Juan, Argentina; E-Mails: (A.T.); (B.L.); (G.E.F.)
| | - Gabriela Egly Feresin
- Instituto de Biotecnología - Instituto de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de San Juan, Av. Libertador General San Martín 1109 (O), CP5400, San Juan, Argentina; E-Mails: (A.T.); (B.L.); (G.E.F.)
| | - Manuel Gonzalez Sierra
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Farmacognosia y Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, CP2000, Rosario, Argentina; E-Mail: (S.Z.)
| | - María Victoria Rodríguez
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Farmacognosia y Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, CP2000, Rosario, Argentina; E-Mail: (S.Z.)
| | - Susana Zacchino
- Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Farmacognosia y Biología Vegetal. Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, CP2000, Rosario, Argentina; E-Mail: (S.Z.)
| | - Ricardo D. Enriz
- Facultad de Química, Bioquímica y Farmacia. Universidad Nacional de San Luis, Chacabuco 917, CP5700, San Luis, Argentina; E-Mail: (R.D.E.)
| | - Monica L. Freile
- Laboratorio de Productos Naturales Patagónicos (LAPRONAP), Facultad de Ciencias Naturales, Universidad Nacional de la Patagonia San Juan Bosco, Km 4, CP 9000, Comodoro Rivadavia, Chubut, Argentina; E-Mail: (R.R.K.)
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Soberón JR, Sgariglia MA, Sampietro DA, Quiroga EN, Sierra MG, Vattuone MA. Purification and identification of antibacterial phenolics from Tripodanthus acutifolius leaves. J Appl Microbiol 2009; 108:1757-68. [PMID: 19922598 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2009.04579.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
AIMS To perform an activity-guided purification, identification and quantification of antibacterial compounds from Tripodanthus acutifolius infusion. To validate the antibacterial activity of purified substances. METHODS AND RESULTS Bioautographic methods were employed as screening assays for purifying bioactive substances. Purification procedures included sephadex LH-20 column chromatography and reverse phase HPLC. Identification was achieved by spectroscopic methods (UV-Vis, MS, NMR and polarimetry) and chromatographic assays (paper chromatography and HPLC). Antibacterial activity was studied by microdilution, colony count and photometric assays, Sytox green stain and transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Four glycoflavonoids (rutin, nicotiflorin, hyperoside and isoquercitrin) and an unusual phenylbutanoid glycoside (tripodantoside) were purified and identified. Tripodantoside was found at 6.59 +/- 0.82 g per 100 g of dry leaves. The flavonoids showed bactericidal effect at a concentration of 4 mg ml(-1) against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa strains from American Type Culture Collection, while tripodantoside was almost four times more active than those compounds, with a minimum bactericidal concentration = 1.024 mg ml(-1) against these strains. Tripodantoside aglycone showed bacteriolytic effects on the assayed strains, causing evident damages on cell wall and membrane, while tripodantoside did not exhibit those effects. CONCLUSIONS The antibacterial activity of T. acutifolius infusion would be partially attributed to the purified glycoflavonoids and mainly to tripodantoside. SIGNIFICANCE AND IMPACT The high extraction yield and the antibacterial activity exhibited by tripodantoside makes this chemical structure of interest to support further studies dealing with chemical modifications to increase the antibacterial activity or to seek another activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- J R Soberón
- Cátedra de Fitoquímica, Instituto de Estudios Vegetales Dr. A.R. Sampietro, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Ayacucho, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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3
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Salazar MO, Ramallo IA, Micheloni O, Sierra MG, Furlan RLE. Chemically engineered extracts: bioactivity alteration through sulfonylation. Bioorg Med Chem Lett 2009; 19:5067-70. [PMID: 19635668 DOI: 10.1016/j.bmcl.2009.07.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2009] [Revised: 07/03/2009] [Accepted: 07/07/2009] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The chemical composition and the biomolecular properties of a series of crude plant extracts were altered without previous knowledge of their detailed chemical composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mario O Salazar
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Rosario, Argentina
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López SN, Ramallo IA, Sierra MG, Zacchino SA, Furlan RLE. Chemically engineered extracts as an alternative source of bioactive natural product-like compounds. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2007; 104:441-4. [PMID: 17192401 PMCID: PMC1766403 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0608438104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2006] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The access to libraries of molecules with interesting biomolecular properties is a limiting step in the drug discovery process. By virtue of a long molecular evolution process, natural products are recognized as biologically validated starting points in structural space for library development. We introduce here a strategy to generate natural product-like libraries. A semisynthetic mixture of compounds was produced by diversification of a natural product extract through the chemical transformation of common chemical functionalities in natural products into chemical functionalities rarely found in nature. The resulting mixture showed antifungal activity against Candida albicans, whereas the starting extract did not show such activity. Bioguided fractionation led to the isolation of a previously undescribed active semisynthetic pyrazole. The result illustrates how biological activity can be generated by designed chemical diversification of a natural product mixture, and represents the proof of principle of an alternative strategy for producing natural product-like libraries from natural products libraries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia N. López
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina; and
| | - I. Ayelen Ramallo
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina; and
| | - Manuel Gonzalez Sierra
- Instituto de Química Orgánica de Síntesis (Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas de Argentina–Universidad Nacional de Rosario), Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
| | - Susana A. Zacchino
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina; and
| | - Ricardo L. E. Furlan
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario. Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina; and
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5
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López SN, Sierra MG, Gattuso SJ, Furlán RL, Zacchino SA. An unusual homoisoflavanone and a structurally-related dihydrochalcone from Polygonum ferrugineum (Polygonaceae). Phytochemistry 2006; 67:2152-8. [PMID: 16884749 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2006.06.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2005] [Revised: 04/24/2006] [Accepted: 06/14/2006] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
The homoisoflavanone 5,7-dihydroxy-6-methoxy-3-(9-hydroxy-phenylmethyl)-chroman-4-one (1) and its structurally related 2',4',6'-trihydroxy-3'-methoxy-alpha-hydroxymethyl-beta-hydroxy-dihydrochalcone (2) along with the known pashanone (3), flavokawin B (4) and cardamonin or alpinetin chalcone (5) pinostrobin (6) and 5,8-dimethoxy-7-hydroxychroman-4-one (7) were isolated from dry leaves of Polygonum ferrugineum (Polygonaceae). To our knowledge, this is the first report of the isolation of a homoisoflavanone from the Polygonum genus and the Polygonaceae family, and could be an important chemotaxonomic finding. In addition, the pattern of substitution of this homoisoflavanone is different from others previously reported.
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Affiliation(s)
- Silvia N López
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531 2000, Rosario, Argentina
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6
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Cravero RM, Labadie GR, Gonzalez Sierra M, Mc Chesney JD. Enantiospecific Syntheses ofC(5)-Functionalized Precursors of Artemisinin Derivatives. Chem Biodivers 2004; 1:854-61. [PMID: 17191885 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.200490067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Enantiomerically pure compounds as precursors for the synthesis of hydroxylated derivatives of artemisinin/arteether have been prepared from (+)-(S)-carvone and (+)-car-2-ene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel M Cravero
- Instituto de Química Orgánica de Síntesis, Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, S2002LRK Rosario, Argentina
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7
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Escalante AM, Santecchia CB, López SN, Gattuso MA, Gutiérrez Ravelo A, Delle Monache F, Gonzalez Sierra M, Zacchino SA. Isolation of antifungal saponins from Phytolacca tetramera, an Argentinean species in critic risk. J Ethnopharmacol 2002; 82:29-34. [PMID: 12169402 DOI: 10.1016/s0378-8741(02)00145-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
The methanolic extract of the berries of Phytolacca tetramera, an Argentinean species submitted to a great anthropic impact, and therefore in critic risk of extinction, not previously studied, showed antifungal activity against opportunistic pathogenic fungi. Through fractionation of the extract followed by agar dilution assays, three monodesmosidic triterpenoid saponins have been isolated from the butanolic extract of P. tetramera. The structures were established as phytolaccosides: B [3-O-beta-D-xylopiranosyl-phytolaccagenin], E [3-O-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->4)-beta-D-xylopiranosyl-phytolaccagenin]. and F [3-O-alpha-L-rhamnopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-glucopyranosyl-(1-->2)-beta-D-xylopyranosyl-phytolaccagenic acid]. The three saponins belong to the olean-type triterpenoid saponins, with 28,30 dicarboxylic groups and an olefinic double bond on C-12. Phytolaccosides B and E but not phytolaccoside F, showed antifungal activities against a panel of human pathogenic opportunistic fungi. Phytolaccoside B was the most active compound and showed the broadest spectrum of action. The most sensitive fungus was Trichophyton mentagrophytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea M Escalante
- Farmacognosia, Facultad de Ciencias Bioquímicas y Farmacéuticas, Universidad Nacional de Rosario, Suipacha 531, 2000 Rosario, Argentina
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Gonzalez Sierra M, Colombo MI, Olivieri AC, Zudenigo ME, Ruveda EA. Stereospecific transformation of grindelic acid into the antifeedant 6.alpha.-hydroxygrindelic acid, its 6.beta.-epimer, and other related natural diterpene acids. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00199a045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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De Miranda DS, Brendolan G, Imamura PM, Gonzalez Sierra M, Marsaioli AJ, Ruveda EA. Stereoselective synthesis of the enantiomer of the novel marine diterpene isoagatholactone, ent-13(16),14-spongiadien-12.alpha.-ol, and the parent hydrocarbon isocopalane from methyl isocopalate. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00337a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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10
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Campbell AL, Leader HN, Gonzalez Sierra M, Spencer CL, McChesney JD. Substituted 4a-methyloctahydrophenanthrenes: conformation and proton magnetic resonance characteristics. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo01329a032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Sierra MG, Spanevello RA, Ruveda EA. Simple and efficient synthesis of 3-oxo-2,6,6-trimethylcyclohex-1-ene-1-carboxylic acid, a key synthon for (.+-.)-strigol. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00173a062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Mischne MP, Sierra MG, Ruveda EA. Synthesis of the novel marine diterpenes (.+-.)-isocopal-12-ene-15,16-dial, (.+-.)-14-epiisocopal-12-ene-15,16-dial, and (.+-.)-15-acetoxyisocopal-12-en-16-al from methyl isocopalate. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00185a048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Thompson TN, Sierra MG, McChesney JD. Synthesis of hydrophenanthrene natural products: a novel approach. 1. Stereoselective synthesis of resin acid synthons. J Org Chem 2002. [DOI: 10.1021/jo00223a006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Felitti SA, Chan RL, Sierra MG, Gonzalez DH. The cytochrome c gene from the green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. Structure and expression in wild-type cells and in obligate photoautotrophic (dk) mutants. Plant Cell Physiol 2000; 41:1149-56. [PMID: 11148274 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcd044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The expression of the Chlamydomonas reinhardtii cytochrome c gene was studied at the steady-state mRNA level. The inclusion of acetate under illumination produced a marked increase in cytochrome c transcripts. This effect was not affected by two inhibitors of mitochondrial energy metabolism. Three different obligate photoautotrophic mutants with defective mitochondria showed normal levels of induction, suggesting that utilization of acetate for respiration is not required for this process. Light, in the presence or absence of acetate, also promoted an increase in cytochrome c transcript levels. This effect could be abolished by treatment of the cells with an inhibitor of the photosynthetic electron transport chain, suggesting that light acts through photosynthesis to promote the induction. In addition, a genomic clone encompassing the Chlamydomonas cytochrome c gene has been isolated and analyzed. The gene contains three introns, two of which are located at positions similar to those in the rice and Arabidopsis cytochrome c genes, indicating the existence of an evolutionary link. It is concluded that the cytochrome c gene from C. reinhardtii is subject to metabolic regulation through a mechanism that responds to the intracellular level of either acetate or a compound derived from its metabolization through a pathway different from mitochondrial respiration.
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Affiliation(s)
- S A Felitti
- Cátedra de Biología Celular y Molecular, Facultad de Bioquímica y Ciencias Biológicas, Universidad Nacional del Litoral, Santa Fe, Argentina
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Ledesma GN, Gonzalez Sierra M, Escandar GM. Spectroscopic and theoretical study of aromatic α-hydroxy hydrazones and their copper(II) complexes in dioxane-water mixtures. Polyhedron 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(97)00413-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Frutos AA, Sala LF, Escandar GM, Peregrin JMS, Sierra MG. Complex formation between D-lactobionate and bivalent metal ions. Studies in solution and in the solid state. CAN J CHEM 1997. [DOI: 10.1139/v97-046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The equilibrium reactions between deprotonated D-lactobionic acid (4-O-β-D-galactopyranosyl-D-gluconic acid) and cobalt(II), nickel(II), copper(II), zinc(II), cadmium(II), and mercury(II) have been studied by potentiometric and spectrophotometric methods in aqueous solution. All measurements have been carried out at a temperature of 20.0 ± 0.1 °C and at an ionic strength of 0.100 M (NaNO3) with the corresponding stability constants calculated by applying computational methods. The interactions between the proposed cations with deprotonated D-lactobionic acid were compared with those corresponding to D-gluconic acid. Compounds of type: Co(C12H21O12)2•2H2O•C2H5OH, Ni(C12H21O12)2•2H2O•C2H5OH, Cu(C12H21O12)2•2H2O•C2H5OH, Zn(C12H21O12)2•2H2O•C2H5OH, and Cd(C12H21O12)2•2H2O•0.5C2H5OH have been isolated. These metal–sugar salts were characterized by elemental, thermogravimetric, and susceptibility analyses and FT-IR, UV–visible absorption, diffuse reflectance, and 13C NMR spectroscopies. Keywords: D-lactobionate, metal complexes, equilibrium constants, potentiometry, solid state studies.
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Escandar GM, Salas Peregrin JM, Gonzalez Sierra M, Martino D, Santoro M, Frutos AA, Garci´a SI, Labadie´ G, Sala LF. Interaction of divalent metal ions withd-gluconic acid in the solid phase and aqueous solution. Polyhedron 1996. [DOI: 10.1016/0277-5387(95)00478-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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Lagier CM, Scheler U, McGeorge G, Sierra MG, Olivieri AC, Harris RK. Solution and solid state proton transfer from phenols to triphenylphosphine oxide studied by 1H, 13C and 31P NMR spectroscopy. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 1996. [DOI: 10.1039/p29960001325] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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19
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Escandar GM, Sierra MG, Salas Peregrin JM, Labadie´ G, Santoro M, Frutos A, Sala LF. Interaction of zinc(II) ion withd-aldonic acids in the crystalline solid and aqueous solution. Polyhedron 1994. [DOI: 10.1016/s0277-5387(00)83009-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Abstract
The diastereoisomeric 2-benzyl-1,2-diphenylindan-1-ols were prepared and subjected to deoxygenation reactions under a variety of conditions to obtain 2-benzyl-1,2-diphenylindan. The stereochemistry of these compounds has been characterized on the basis of chemical and spectroscopic evidence.
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Vila AJ, Spanevello RA, Olivieri AC, Sierra MG, McChesney JD. Conformational analysis of the 4a-methyl octahydrophenanthrene system. A spectroscopic and theoretical approach. Tetrahedron 1989. [DOI: 10.1016/s0040-4020(01)81076-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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