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Salinas-Juárez MG, Ortiz-Zamora SI, Roquero-Tejeda P, Garfias-Vásquez FJ, Durán-Domínguez-de-Bazúa MDC. Evaluation of electrode separators and the external resistance in electrochemically assisted constructed wetlands. Int J Phytoremediation 2024:1-9. [PMID: 38563437 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2024.2325569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
A proton exchange membrane increases the electrical performance of a microbial fuel cell (MFC). New inexpensive materials should be sought, especially in a constructed wetland microbial fuel cell (CW-MFC). Here, in a laboratory-scale system of five CW-MFCs, wet clay, wet earth or mud, and non-woven cloth were used as inexpensive separators with long-term stability. The five CW-MFCs were planted with Typha latifolia, fed with synthetic wastewater, and packed with natural porous material. Graphite felt was used as electrodes and the experimental system had a hydraulic residence time of 3 days, operating under shade and natural conditions of temperature and light. Electrodes were connected to current collectors (copper wire) and to an external resistance, with a change every 20 days, starting in open-circuit and following with 20000, 18000, 15000, 10000, 5600, 1000, 560, and 10 Ω. These laboratory-scale CW-MFCs reduced concentrations of nitrates, ammonium ion, and sulfates without inhibiting electricity production. Microbiological analyses indicated that anaerobic, facultative, aerobic, and denitrifying bacteria may have caused these reductions. The reactor with the live plant and with the wet earth or mud separator achieved the highest production of electricity (22.6 mW/m2), and may be worth further attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Guadalupe Salinas-Juárez
- Facultad de Estudios Superiores Zaragoza, Unidad de Investigación de Bioingeniería, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Iztapalapa, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Saira Itzel Ortiz-Zamora
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Laboratorios de Ingeniería Química Ambiental y de Química Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Pedro Roquero-Tejeda
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Laboratorios de Ingeniería Química Ambiental y de Química Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Francisco Javier Garfias-Vásquez
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Laboratorios de Ingeniería Química Ambiental y de Química Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Ciudad de México, México
| | - María Del Carmen Durán-Domínguez-de-Bazúa
- Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Laboratorios de Ingeniería Química Ambiental y de Química Ambiental, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Ciudad de México, México
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Mendoza-Pérez S, Orta-Méndez-Y-Sánchez I, García-Gómez RS, Ordaz-Nava G, Gracia-Mora MI, Macías-Rosales L, Rico-Morales HA, Salas-Garrido G, Durán-Domínguez-de-Bazúa MDC. Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni, an American plant used as sweetener: Study of its effects on body mass control and glycemia reduction in Wistar male and female rats. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0298251. [PMID: 38412182 PMCID: PMC10898749 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0298251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/18/2023] [Indexed: 02/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni water extracts have been used as a natural sweetener and customary medicine by the indigenous inhabitants of South America for several hundred years. This plant was sent to Europe in the 16th century and was described by Peter Jacob Esteve in Spain. Recently the food industry has started to employ S. rebaudiana as sweetener using its glycosides after purification. Advertisement claims that Stevia glycosides is good for controling body mass and reducing glycemia. This study's objective was to evaluate the effect of S. rebaudiana leaf extract on Wistar rats as animal model to prove its effectiveness on body mass control, glycemia reduction, and other biochemical parameters. Three groups were randomly formed with 24 males and 24 females: A blank group without any sweetener, a control group drinking water with 10% glucose, and the test group ingesting a 0.94% water extract of S. rebaudiana. Body mass measurements as well as food and drink consumption were daily performed. The experiment lasted 120 days after the specimens were weaned and got used to eating solid food. Euthanasia was done and blood serum was collected to evaluate the following biochemical parameters: Glucose, triglycerides, cholesterol, insulin, glucagon, leptin, ghrelin, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide, GIP. Results indicated that only female rats had statistical differences in body mass gain. No relevant effects either positive or negative were found in the biochemical parameters measured. The crude extracts of S. rebaudiana did not show any relevant changes in biochemical and hormonal profiles, changes nor body mass with respect to the blank and control groups of young and healthy rats in the age range of infancy to youth. According to the results obtained, the therapeutic properties that have been associated to S. rebaudiana consumption especially for body mass control and glycemia reduction, did not occur in young and healthy male and female rats in equivalent age to infants, young children, and youths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Mendoza-Pérez
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, UNAM, Laboratories of Enviromental Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Itzel Orta-Méndez-Y-Sánchez
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, UNAM, Laboratories of Enviromental Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Rolando Salvador García-Gómez
- Faculty of Chemistry, Department of Chemical Engineering, UNAM, Laboratories of Enviromental Chemical Engineering and Chemistry, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Guillermo Ordaz-Nava
- Department of Nutrition Physiology, Molecular Nutrition Area, National Institute of Medical Sciences and Nutrition "Salvador Zubirán", INCMNSZ, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María Isabel Gracia-Mora
- Faculty of Chemistry, UNAM, Animal Experimentation Unit, UNEXA, Complex E, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Lucía Macías-Rosales
- Faculty of Chemistry, UNAM, Animal Experimentation Unit, UNEXA, Complex E, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Héctor A Rico-Morales
- Faculty of Chemistry, UNAM, Animal Experimentation Unit, UNEXA, Complex E, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Gerardo Salas-Garrido
- Faculty of Veterinary Medicine & Zootechny, Department of Pathology, UNAM, Circuito de la Investigación Científica s/n, Ciudad Universitaria, Mexico City, Mexico
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Borja-Urzola ADC, García-Gómez RS, Flores R, Durán-Domínguez-de-Bazúa MDC. Chitosan from shrimp residues with a saturated solution of calcium chloride in methanol and water. Carbohydr Res 2020; 497:108116. [PMID: 32882588 DOI: 10.1016/j.carres.2020.108116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Calcium chloride, methanol, and water in stoichiometric amounts were used for the extraction of chitosan from shrimp residues (Farfantepenaeus aztecus). Chitosan was characterized by FT-IR, TGA, XRD, SEM, elemental analysis, and 13C-NMR. The yield of chitosan with medium molecular mass was 65.90% (mass of extracted chitosan/mass of shrimp residues when the extraction was assisted with stirring at 60 °C for 20 min and ultrasound at 60 °C for 30 min. The extracted chitosan had a % DD of 64.06 and 65.87% (13C-NMR and FT-IR, respectively), thermal decomposition stage at 375 °C, porous on its surface, and calcite as the main mineral found. The experimental results revealed that the saturated solution of calcium chloride in methanol and water could be an alternative for the extraction of mineralized chitosan from shrimp residues with thermal stability and porosity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aranys Del Carmen Borja-Urzola
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Laboratorios de Ingeniería Química Ambiental y de Química Ambiental, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Rolando Salvador García-Gómez
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Laboratorios de Ingeniería Química Ambiental y de Química Ambiental, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
| | - Ronny Flores
- Universidad Central del Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Laboratorio de Química Ambiental, Ciudad Universitaria, Quito, Ecuador.
| | - María Del Carmen Durán-Domínguez-de-Bazúa
- Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Facultad de Química, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Laboratorios de Ingeniería Química Ambiental y de Química Ambiental, 04510 Ciudad de México, Mexico.
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García-Mercado HD, Fernández-Villagómez G, Garzón-Zúñiga MA, Durán-Domínguez-de-Bazúa MDC. Fate of mercury in a terrestial biological lab process using Polypogon monspeliensis and Cyperus odoratus. Int J Phytoremediation 2019; 21:1170-1178. [PMID: 31165622 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2019.1612842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Mercury has been extracted in Queretaro, Mexico since the 1960s. The mining wastes were open-air disposal and these mercury wastes have polluted the zone. The aim of this research was to evaluate mercury's fate in lab scale terrestrial reactors considering the following mercury species: soluble, interchangeable, strongly bound, organic, and residual ones. Soils were sampled in two former mines of Pinal de Amoles, Queretaro, Mexico (N 20° 58' to 21° 21' and West 99° 26' to 99° 43') with initial mercury concentrations were 424 ± 29 and 433 ± 12 mg kg-1 for "La Lorena" and "San Jose" former mines, respectively. Two vegetal species Polypogon monspeliensis and Cyperus odoratus were used and 20 reactors were constructed for the lab process. Total mercury was removed to 49-79% from both soils. Mercury elemental, exchangeable, and organic species had the most removal or exchange in the process. Metal uptake, by the plants, was of 5-6% for P. monspeliensis and 5-15% for C. odoratus. Also, mercury fate was estimated to the atmosphere to be 3.3-4.5 mg m-2 h-1 for both soils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Héctor Daniel García-Mercado
- UNAM, Facultad de Química, DIQ, Edif. E-3, Laboratorios 301-302-303 , Paseo de la Investigación científica s/n. Mexico City , Mexico
| | | | - Marco Antonio Garzón-Zúñiga
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional (IPN). Academia de Ciencias Ambientales, Centro Interdisciplinario de Investigación para el Desarrollo Regional (CIIDIR) Unidad Durango , Durango , Mexico
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