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Takahashi B, Gil Posse C, Sergeeva M, Salas MF, Wojczynski S, Hartinger S, Yglesias-González M. Climate change and public health in South America: a scoping review of governance and public engagement research. Lancet Reg Health Am 2023; 26:100603. [PMID: 37876673 PMCID: PMC10593572 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
This scoping review examines peer-reviewed literature of governance and public engagement at the intersection of public health and climate change in South America. The review shows significant gaps in academic publications, particularly because health was mostly a secondary theme examined in the studies. The few studies about governmental interventions (e.g., policies and programs) suggest that these have not been effective. Regarding public engagement, no studies examined social media engagement with health and climate change, and only one examined news coverage. Finally, most articles focused primarily on individual countries, with few comparative or regional analyses of South America. Strategic action addressing climate change and its effects on public health needs to be based on empirical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Stella Hartinger
- Centro LatinoAmericano de Excelencia en Cambio Climático y Salud, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Marisol Yglesias-González
- Centro LatinoAmericano de Excelencia en Cambio Climático y Salud, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Palmeiro-Silva YK, Yglesias-González M, Blanco-Villafuerte L, Canal-Solis K, Neyra RC, Fernández-Guzmán D, Sarmiento JH, Lavarello R, Lescano AG, Melo O, Paz Soldán VA, Rojas-Rueda D, Romanello M, Salas MF, Takahashi B, Valcárcel A, Buss D, Hartinger S. The Lancet Countdown South America: increasing health opportunities by identifying the gaps in health and climate change research. Lancet Reg Health Am 2023; 26:100605. [PMID: 37876678 PMCID: PMC10593559 DOI: 10.1016/j.lana.2023.100605] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/16/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
South America is experiencing the effects of climate change, including extreme weather events and changes in temperature and precipitation patterns. These effects interact with existing social vulnerabilities, exacerbating their impact on the health and wellbeing of populations. This viewpoint highlights four main messages from the series, which presented key gaps from five different perspectives of health and climate. First, there is an overall need for local analyses of priority topics to inform public policy, which include national and sub-national evidence to adequately strengthen responses and preparedness for climate change hazards and address relevant social vulnerabilities in South American countries. Second, research in health and climate is done in silos and the intersection is not clear in terms of responsibility and leadership; therefore, transdisciplinary research and action are key. Third, climate research, policies, and action need to be reflected in effective funding schemes, which until now are very limited. For adaptation and mitigation policies to be effective, they need a robust and long-term funding scheme. Finally, climate action is a big opportunity for healthier and more prosperous societies in South America, taking the advantage of strategic climate policies to face the challenges of climate change and tackle existing social inequities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasna K. Palmeiro-Silva
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
- Centro de Políticas Públicas, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Marisol Yglesias-González
- Centro Latinoamericano de Excelencia en Cambio Climático y Salud, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Luciana Blanco-Villafuerte
- Centro Latinoamericano de Excelencia en Cambio Climático y Salud, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | | | - Ricardo Castillo Neyra
- RCN Department of Biostatistics, Epidemiology and Informatics, Perelman School of Medicine at University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | | | | | | | - Andrés G. Lescano
- Centro Latinoamericano de Excelencia en Cambio Climático y Salud, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
| | - Oscar Melo
- Centro Interdisciplinario de Cambio Global, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago, Chile
| | - Valerie A. Paz Soldán
- Tulane University School of Public Health and Tropical Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | | | - Marina Romanello
- Institute for Global Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - María Fernanda Salas
- Universidad de Costa Rica, San Pedro, Costa Rica
- Michigan State University, MI, USA
| | | | - Ariana Valcárcel
- Facultad de Arquitectura y Urbanismo, Pontificia Universidad Católica del Perú, Lima, Peru
- Delft University of Technology, Delft, Netherlands
| | | | - Stella Hartinger
- Centro Latinoamericano de Excelencia en Cambio Climático y Salud, Universidad Peruana Cayetano Heredia, Lima, Peru
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Ciria HC, Quevedo MS, Cabrales LB, Bruzón RP, Salas MF, Pena OG, González TR, López DS, Flores JM. Antitumor effectiveness of different amounts of electrical charge in Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumors. BMC Cancer 2004; 4:87. [PMID: 15566572 PMCID: PMC539271 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2407-4-87] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2004] [Accepted: 11/26/2004] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background In vivo studies were conducted to quantify the effectiveness of low-level direct electric current for different amounts of electrical charge and the survival rate in fibrosarcoma Sa-37 and Ehrlich tumors, also the effect of direct electric in Ehrlich tumor was evaluate through the measurements of tumor volume and the peritumoral and tumoral findings. Methods BALB/c male mice, 7–8 week old and 20–22 g weight were used. Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 cell lines, growing in BALB/c mice. Solid and subcutaneous Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumors, located dorsolaterally in animals, were initiated by the inoculation of 5 × 106 and 1 × 105 viable tumor cells, respectively. For each type of tumor four groups (one control group and three treated groups) consisting of 10 mice randomly divided were formed. When the tumors reached approximately 0.5 cm3, four platinum electrodes were inserted into their bases. The electric charge delivered to the tumors was varied in the range of 5.5 to 110 C/cm3 for a constant time of 45 minutes. An additional experiment was performed in BALB/c male mice bearing Ehrlich tumor to examine from a histolological point of view the effects of direct electric current. A control group and a treated group with 77 C/cm3 (27.0 C in 0.35 cm3) and 10 mA for 45 min were formed. In this experiment when the tumor volumes reached 0.35 cm3, two anodes and two cathodes were inserted into the base perpendicular to the tumor long axis. Results Significant tumor growth delay and survival rate were achieved after electrotherapy and both were dependent on direct electric current intensity, being more marked in fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumor. Complete regressions for fibrosarcoma Sa-37 and Ehrlich tumors were observed for electrical charges of 80 and 92 C/cm3, respectively. Histopathological and peritumoral findings in Ehrlich tumor revealed in the treated group marked tumor necrosis, vascular congestion, peritumoral neutrophil infiltration, an acute inflammatory response, and a moderate peritumoral monocyte infiltration. The morphologic pattern of necrotic cell mass after direct electric current treatment is the coagulative necrosis. These findings were not observed in any of the untreated tumors. Conclusion The data presented indicate that electrotherapy with low-level DEC is feasible and effective in the treatment of the Ehrlich and fibrosarcoma Sa-37 tumors. Our results demonstrate that the sensitivity of these tumors to direct electric current and survival rates of the mice depended on both the amount of electrical charge and the type of tumor. Also the complete regression of each type of tumor is obtained for a threshold amount of electrical charge.
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Affiliation(s)
- HC Ciria
- Sección de Bioelectricidad. Departamento de Bioingeniería y Equipos, Centro Nacional de Electromagnetismo Aplicado, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba 90400, Cuba
| | - MS Quevedo
- Hospital Oncológico Docente Provincial Conrado Benítez, Santiago de Cuba 90100, Cuba
| | - LB Cabrales
- Sección de Bioelectricidad. Departamento de Bioingeniería y Equipos, Centro Nacional de Electromagnetismo Aplicado, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba 90400, Cuba
| | - RP Bruzón
- Sección de Bioelectricidad. Departamento de Bioingeniería y Equipos, Centro Nacional de Electromagnetismo Aplicado, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba 90400, Cuba
| | - MF Salas
- Departamento de Inmunología, Hospital Provincial Clínico Quirúrgico Docente Saturnino Lora, Santiago de Cuba 90500, Cuba
| | - OG Pena
- Hospital Infantil Norte Docente "Juan Martínez de la Cruz Maceira". Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - TR González
- Dirección Municipal de Salud Pública. Santiago de Cuba, Cuba
| | - DS López
- Hospital Oncológico Docente Provincial Conrado Benítez, Santiago de Cuba 90100, Cuba
| | - JM Flores
- Departamento de Investigación en Física, Universidad de Sonora, Apdo. Postal A-088, 83190 Hermosillo, Sonora, México
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Cabrales LB, Ciria HC, Bruzón RP, Quevedo MS, Aldana RH, De Oca LM, Salas MF, Peña OG. Electrochemical treatment of mouse Ehrlich tumor with direct electric current. Bioelectromagnetics 2001; 22:316-22. [PMID: 11424154 DOI: 10.1002/bem.56] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Electrochemical treatment of cancer utilizes direct electric current (DEC) to produce direct alterations and chemical changes in tumors. However, the DEC treatment is not established and mechanisms are not well understood. In vivo studies were conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of DEC on animal tumor models. Ehrlich tumors were implanted subcutaneously in sixty male BALB/c mice. When the tumor volumes reached 850 mm(3), four platinum electrodes were inserted into the tumors. DEC of 4 mA was applied for 21 min to the treated group; the total charge was 5 C. The healthy and sick control groups were subjected to the same conditions but without DEC. Hematological and chemical parameters as well as histopathological and peritumoral findings were studied. After the electrochemical therapy it was observed that both tumor volume decrease and necrosis percentage increase were significant in the treated group. Moreover, 24 h after treatment an acute inflammatory response, as well as sodium ion decrease, and potassium ion and spleen weight increase were observed in this group. It was concluded that both electrochemical reactions (fundamentally those in which reactive oxygen species are involved), and immune system stimulation induced by cytotoxic action of the DEC could constitute the most important antitumor mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- L B Cabrales
- División de Magnetoterapia, Centro Nacional de Electromagnetismo Aplicado, Universidad de Oriente, Santiago de Cuba, Cuba.
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