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Sans J, Arnau M, Roa JJ, Turon P, Alemán C. Tailorable Nanoporous Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds for Electrothermal Catalysis. ACS Appl Nano Mater 2022; 5:8526-8536. [PMID: 36910876 PMCID: PMC9989946 DOI: 10.1021/acsanm.2c01915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Polarized hydroxyapatite (HAp) scaffolds with customized architecture at the nanoscale have been presented as a green alternative to conventional catalysts used for carbon and dinitrogen fixation. HAp printable inks with controlled nanoporosity and rheological properties have been successfully achieved by incorporating Pluronic hydrogel. Nanoporous scaffolds with good mechanical properties, as demonstrated by means of the nanoindentation technique, have been obtained by a sintering treatment and the posterior thermally induced polarization process. Their catalytic activity has been evaluated by considering three different key reactions (all in the presence of liquid water): (1) the synthesis of amino acids from gas mixtures of N2, CO2, and CH4; (2) the production of ethanol from gas mixtures of CO2 and CH4; and (3) the synthesis of ammonia from N2 gas. Comparison of the yields obtained by using nanoporous and nonporous (conventional) polarized HAp catalysts shows that both the nanoporosity and water absorption capacity of the former represent a drawback when the catalytic reaction requires auxiliary coating layers, as for example for the production of amino acids. This is because the surface nanopores achieved by incorporating Pluronic hydrogel are completely hindered by such auxiliary coating layers. On the contrary, the catalytic activity improves drastically for reactions in which the HAp-based scaffolds with enhanced nanoporosity are used as catalysts. More specifically, the carbon fixation from CO2 and CH4 to yield ethanol improves by more than 3000% when compared with nonporous HAp catalyst. Similarly, the synthesis of ammonia by dinitrogen fixation increases by more than 2000%. Therefore, HAp catalysts based on nanoporous scaffolds exhibit an extraordinary potential for scalability and industrial utilization for many chemical reactions, enabling a feasible green chemistry alternative to catalysts based on heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Sans
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona
Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Arnau
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona
Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Joan Josep Roa
- Barcelona
Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- CIEFMA-Departament
de Ciència i Eng. de Materials, Universitat
Politècnica de Catalunya, Eduard Maristany 10-14, Ed. I, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pau Turon
- B.
Braun Surgical, S.A.U. Carretera de Terrassa 121 Rubí, 08191 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament
d’Enginyeria Química, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, Ed. I2, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Barcelona
Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany, 10-14, 08019 Barcelona, Spain
- Institute
for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Sans J, Arnau M, Turon P, Alemán C. Permanently polarized hydroxyapatite, an outstanding catalytic material for carbon and nitrogen fixation. Mater Horiz 2022; 9:1566-1576. [PMID: 35357375 DOI: 10.1039/d1mh02057a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Hydroxyapatite (HAp) is a well-known ceramic material widely used in the biomedical field. This review summarizes the very recent developments on permanently polarized HAp (pp-HAp), a HAp variety with tuned electrical properties that confer remarkable catalytic activity. pp-HAp is obtained by applying a thermal stimulation polarization process (TSP), which consists on a DC electric voltage of 500 V at 1000 °C, to previously sintered HAp. The TSP not only increases the crystallinity, reducing the defects in the crystal lattice, but also creates charges that accumulate at the crystalline boundaries and at the surface of microscopic grains, boosting the electrical conductivity. Finally, the successful utilization of pp-HAp in the catalytic fixation of carbon and nitrogen from CO2 and N2 gases, respectively, is reported and the formation of different products of chemical interest (e.g. amino acids, ethanol and ammonium) as a function of the reaction conditions (i.e. feeding gases and presence/absence of UV illumination) and catalyst plasticity is discussed. pp-HAp exhibits important advantages with respect to other consolidated catalysts, which drastically increases the final energetic net balance of the reactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jordi Sans
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Marc Arnau
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Pau Turon
- B. Braun Surgical, S.A.U. Carretera de Terrassa 121, 08191, Rubí (Barcelona), Spain.
| | - Carlos Alemán
- Departament d'Enginyeria Química and Barcelona Research Center in Multiscale Science and Engineering, EEBE, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, C/Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019, Barcelona, Spain.
- Institute for Bioengineering of Catalonia (IBEC), The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, Baldiri Reixac 10-12, 08028 Barcelona, Spain
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Garcia S, Ortiz V, Molina A, Merino A, Fumanal S, Arnau M, Bedini J. Estimation of fibrinogen concentration from activated partial thromboplastine time. Clin Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Molina A, Merino A, Alcaraz J, Arnau M, Fumanal S, Ortiz V, Garcia S, Bedini J. False automatic basophil counts associated with lymphoproliferative disorders with expression in peripheral blood. Clin Chim Acta 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2019.03.898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Matheu V, Arnau M, Barrios Y. Resistance To Eosinophil Reduction In Local Response By vitamin D3 In Elder Mice. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2011. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2010.12.823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Martín E, Comelles JM, Arnau M. [The process of medicalization in Catalonian hospitals: the case of the Pío Hospital de Valls]. Dynamis 1993; 13:201-234. [PMID: 11639590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Using a study of the process of medicalization at the Hospital del Valls in Tarragona as a starting point, we review some idiosyncratic aspects of hospital management in Catalonia, with special reference to the emergence of the domestic hospital, and the complex relationships between the municipality, the hospitalary religious orders and national and regional public powers.
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