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Andrade J, Waller A, Martinez MG. In-Country Method Validation of a Paper-based, Smartphone-assisted Iron Sensor for the Food Fortification Programs. Curr Dev Nutr 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/cdn/nzaa056_005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Objectives
Food fortification programs and food companies in low-income settings, such as in the case of Mexico, lack the ability to monitor the micronutrients added to staples entering local markets. The purpose of the present work is to validate a user-friendly sampling kit and quantify the final error parameters of a paper-based, smartphone-assisted sensor (Nu3px) for the determination of iron in corn flours within the context of Mexico's food fortification program.
Methods
Corn flour samples (n = 45) from local brands (n = 6) were collected from supermarkets, convenience stores, and directly from companies in the States of Querétaro, Cuautitlán, Saltillo, and Cuetzalan, Mexico. Iron content was analyzed using atomic emission spectroscopy (AES) and Nu3px. The final error parameters were quantified via method validation final experiments, i.e., replication and comparison of methods experiments. Qualitative categorization of samples (i.e., accept/reject batch) was applied to evaluate Nu3px's against Mexico's fortification policy (cutoff = 40 μg Fe/g flour). A user-centered design process was applied to develop and evaluate a sampling kit consisting of low-cost measuring utensils.
Results
Iron content in fortified Mexican corn flours varied widely (23–39%). Nu3px's random error was 12% (replication experiment, n = 5) and its bias was 1.79 ± 9.99 μg Fe/g flour (comparison of methods experiment, n = 45). The true mean difference between Nu3px and AES was zero (p > 0.05) and both methods had similar variance (F = 2.40; P > 0.05). AES and Nu3px classified the iron content above/below the cutoff in the same way (100% match, Χ2 = 16.41, P = 0.01). The affordable and user-friendly sampling kit added some random error, but the mean difference was equal to zero (P > 0.05). Both sampling procedures were correlated (r = 0.952, P = 0.01).
Conclusions
An affordable, user-friendly, and equipment-free sample preparation kit for corn flour samples showed similar precision to using analytical tools. The sample preparation kit along with the paper-based, smartphone-assisted assay measure iron within the performance parameters required for its application to monitor batch quality in the corn flour fortification program in Mexico.
Funding Sources
Fulbright Garcia-Robles Fellowship, 2019.
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Cecchini DM, Zapiola I, Fernandez Giuliano S, Martinez MG, Rodriguez CG, Bouzas MB. Etravirine resistance mutations in HIV-infected pregnant women. HIV Med 2013; 14:125-6. [PMID: 23281821 DOI: 10.1111/j.1468-1293.2012.01058.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Morozov IY, Martinez MG, Jones MG, Caddick MX. A defined sequence within the 3' UTR of the areA transcript is sufficient to mediate nitrogen metabolite signalling via accelerated deadenylation. Mol Microbiol 2000; 37:1248-57. [PMID: 10972840 DOI: 10.1046/j.1365-2958.2000.02085.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Nitrogen metabolism in Aspergillus nidulans is regulated by AREA, a member of the GATA family of transcription factors. One mechanism that modulates AREA activity involves the rapid degradation of the areA transcript when sufficient NH4+ or Gln are available. This signalling mechanism has been shown to require a region of 218 nucleotides within the 3' untranslated region of areA mRNA. We demonstrate that this region functions independently in a heterologous transcript and acts to accelerate degradation of the poly(A) tail, which in turn leads to rapid transcript degradation in response to the addition of NH4+ or Gln to the growth medium. areA transcript degradation is inhibited by cycloheximide, but this is not a general consequence of translational inhibition. We believe that this is the first reported example in which specific physiological signals, acting through a defined sequence within a transcript, have been shown to promote accelerated poly(A) degradation, which in turn triggers transcript degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- I Y Morozov
- Plant Science and Fungal Molecular Biology Research Group, School of Biological Sciences, Donnan Laboratories, The University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZD, UK
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Gorman PN, Martinez MG. Primary care and health: a cross-national comparison. JAMA 1992; 268:2032-3. [PMID: 1404736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
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Martinez MG, Castillo I, Quiroga JA, Porres JC, Carreño V. Detection of serum inhibitory factor for lymphocyte stimulation in chronic viral hepatitis: relationship with the replication level. Liver 1991; 11:48-52. [PMID: 2046494 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0676.1991.tb00490.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Sera from 111 patients with chronic viral hepatitis and from 55 cases with other liver disorders were assayed for serum inhibitory factor. The prevalence of this immunosuppressive factor was very similar between chronic hepatitis B (61%), chronic hepatitis delta (57%) and chronic hepatitis C (68%). At the same time, serum inhibitory factor was never detected in the other disorders studied. The presence of this inhibitory factor was detected in a significantly higher percentage (p less than 0.05) of HBeAg, HBV-DNA positive cases (75%) than in anti-HBe positive, HBV-DNA negative cases (44.4%). In chronic hepatitis delta, this immunosuppressive factor was also related to HDV-RNA positivity. The detection of this serum immunosuppressive factor in chronic viral hepatitis and its association with a high viral replication level implies a possible role of this factor in the immune pathogenic mechanism in infectious viral hepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Martinez
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain
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Moraleda G, Bartolomé J, Martinez MG, Porres JC, Carreño V. Influence of hepatitis delta virus replication in the presence of hepatitis B virus DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells. Hepatology 1990; 12:1290-4. [PMID: 2258146 DOI: 10.1002/hep.1840120607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
The presence of hepatitis B virus DNA was studied in peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from 259 HBsAg carriers (229 anti-hepatitis delta negative, 30 anti-hepatitis delta positive), 16 anti-HBc-positive HBsAg-negative patients and 30 patients without hepatitis B virus markers. Hepatitis B virus DNA sequences were detected in peripheral blood mononuclear cell from 115 (44.4%) of the chronic HBsAg carriers and from two (12%) of the anti-HBc-positive, HBsAg-negative patients. In anti-hepatitis delta-negative patients, viral DNA was positive in peripheral blood mononuclear cell from 74 (46%) and from 24 (35.5%) with and without serum HBV-DNA, respectively. With respect to anti-hepatitis delta-positive patients, viral DNA was found in peripheral blood mononuclear cell in 8 of 13 (61.5%) of the patients with circulating hepatitis delta virus RNA and in 9 of 17 (53%) of the hepatitis delta virus RNA-negative subjects. Regarding hepatitis B virus DNA in serum and peripheral blood mononuclear cell, 71% (5 of 7) of the patients with serum hepatitis B virus DNA had this marker in peripheral blood mononuclear cell, whereas 52% (12 of 23) of the patients without serum hepatitis B virus DNA had hepatitis B virus DNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cell. A Southern blot analysis was also carried out on peripheral blood mononuclear cell samples from 30 patients. Hepatitis B virus DNA was detected in 16 patients as free forms, in 12 patients as dimers and free forms and as free circular together with free linear forms in the remaining two patients.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Affiliation(s)
- G Moraleda
- Department of Gastroenterology, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
The presence of hepatitis B virus DNA (HBV-DNA) in the peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) of 29 anti-HIV symptomless carriers (eleven HBeAg positive, eleven anti-HBe positive and seven HBsAg negative) and of 40 anti-human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-negative patients (15 HBeAg positive, 15 anti-HBe positive and ten HBsAg negative) has been studied by dot-blot and Southern blot hybridization. HBV-DNA has been found in similar proportions in both anti-HIV-positive and negative patients (36% and 46%, respectively, in the HBeAg positive group and 27% and 37% in the anti-HBe positive group). No HBV-DNA was detected in the PBMC of the HBsAg-negative patients. No relation has been observed between the presence of HBV-DNA in the PBMC of the anti-HIV-positive patients and the detection of HIV antigen (HIV Ag), number of CD4 cells or the CD4/CD8 ratio. In summary, the presence of HBV-DNA in the PBMC of anti-HIV symptomless carriers does not seem to imply that the patient's clinical state has worsened.
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Affiliation(s)
- F J Bartolomé
- Department of Gastroenterology, Fundación Jimenez Diaz, Universidad Autónoma, Madrid, Spain
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Abstract
Human cataract lens proteins can be bleached by exposure to sodium borohydride (NaBH4), sodium cyanoborohydride (NaCNBH3), or hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). The decolouration resulting from these treatments could be monitored by a change in absorbance at 350 nm. At pH 12 the magnitude of the absorbance change increased in proportion with the severity of the nuclear cataract in the case of NaBH4 and H2O2 treatments, but not in the case of NaCNBH3 treatment. The rate of change in absorbance at 350 nm following exposure to the different reagents was used to evaluate three model systems for senile nuclear cataract. These model systems utilized calf lens proteins which had been tanned by exposure either to 3-hydroxyanthranilic acid, dopa/tyrosinase, or ultraviolet light.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Truscott
- Australian Cataract Research Foundation, Department of Chemistry, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
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Abstract
The histologic features of 112 odontogenic keratocysts (OKC's) were examined from both a clinical and histopathological perspective with emphasis on the microscopic presence of inflammation and its relationship to transformation of the classic epithelial cyst lining found in OKC's to a nonkeratinized lining characteristic of common inflammatory odontogenic cysts. Eighty-five (76%) of these cases exhibited inflammation. The sensitivity of inflammation as a predictor of this aforementioned transformation is 100%, and its positive predictive value is 88%. The specificity of the same parameters remains high at 73%. Using previous studies, the implications of these findings on the biologic behavior of OKC's is discussed with special reference to therapeutic considerations.
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Affiliation(s)
- B Rodu
- Department of Pathology, University of Alabama School of Medicine, Birmingham
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Abstract
A 27-year-old white woman with Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (PJS) associated with a rare but distinctive ovarian tumor, the sex cord tumor with annular tubules (SCTAT), is discussed. Pertinent oral manifestations of PJS and chemotherapy complications are illustrated by the case report. Traditionally, patients exhibiting PJS have not been considered at increased risk of cancer development. This case, coupled with a review of the recent literature, suggests that these patients are, indeed, at increased risk of malignant lesions of several organ systems.
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Abstract
The oral lesions reported in this article fall into the first category of benign fibrous histiocytomas analogous to those which occur on sun-exposed skin surfaces of young objects. The ages of the patients, the histologic features and the history of traumatic episodes, as well as their biologic behaviors on follow-up, are all features compatible with those benign lesions which occur in the skin. According to the information presented in these cases, there is stronger evidence that the lesions of the oral mucosa, like their dermatologic counterparts, are representative of reactive inflammatory processes rather than neoplastic processes. It is of considerable interest that in both cases reported here the patients were children whose lesions developed following significantly severe traumatic episodes. Also of interest is the finding that the lesions healed with no recurrences or complications, even though in one of the cases it was not completely removed. These findings are in agreement with other reports of such lesions which have occurred in the head and neck regions of children and young adults. From the over-all information obtained in the literature review regarding the biologic behavior of benign fibro-histiocytic lesions, the collected data seem to indicate that lesions of the skin and superfacial mucosal surfaces which occur in children and young adults are proliferative, reactive lesions and infection, or irradiation. Systemic, visceral, or deep-seated lesions in the lower extremities appear to be true neoplasms and their prognoses must be considered as guarded.
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Lynch DP, Crago CA, Martinez MG. Necrotizing sialometaplasia. A review of the literature and report of two additional cases. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1979; 47:63-9. [PMID: 282565 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(79)90103-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Necrotizing sialometaplasia is a nonneoplastic, inflammatory, variably ulcerated, occasionally bilateral, self-healing lesion of human salivary glands which is often confused clinically and histologically with squamous cell or mucoepidermoid carcinoma. On the basis of thirty-three documented cases, the lesion occurs primarily in the minor salivary glands of the palate (87.9 percent), with 63.6 percent arising in the fifth and sixth decades (average age 46.0 years, range 22 to 68 years). There is a marked predilection for males (ratio of males to females. 2.7:1) and a questionable predominance in Caucasians (60.6 percent). Numerous etiologic factors have been proposed; however, on the basis of previous animal experimentation, the lesion appears to be infarctive in nature.
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Abstract
The occurrence of unicystic ameloblastoma has been studied in 20 patients presenting with unilocular cystic lesions whose clinical, radiographic and gross features were those on non-neoplastic cysts. In the majority of these, the lesion mimicked dentigerous cyst. The rate of recurrence for this group of lesions as determined by long term follow-up observation available for the majority of patients was distinctly lower than that associated with multicystic character of the lesion throughout its course, is indicative of a much less aggressive variety of neoplasm. The adequacy of simple enucleation as a modality of treatment in the majority of patients with this type of lesion is suggested. It was not possible to answer the question whether or not the ameloblastoma began in antecedent non-neoplastic cyst.
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Abstract
"Keratin pools," previously characterized clinically and histochemically in the superficial epithelium of chronic hyperplastic oral mucosa, were studied by light and electron microscopy. These occured as small beaded and larger coalescent masses which varied in metachromasia. Ultrastructurally, the "keratin pools" consisted of electron-dense, amorphous or finely-granular material developing and coalescing, chiefly as extracellular deposits. The "pools" frequently possessed a layered arrangement alternating with cells having distinct tonofilaments, desmosomes, and definite cell membranes. Occasional bands of filamentous-like material, possibly representing tonofilament bundles, were observed in some "pools."
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Carpenter PA, Maddox WA, Alling CC, Martinez MG, Fiedler LD. Clinical-pathological conference: Case 10, part 2. Neurofibrosarcoma. J Oral Surg 1975; 33:38-44. [PMID: 1053649] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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Alling CC, Martinez MG, Ballard JB, Small EW. Case 5, Part 2, Osteoma cutis. J Oral Surg 1974; 32:195-7. [PMID: 4521382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Alling CC, Martinez MG, Ballard JB, Small EW. Case 5, Part 1. J Oral Surg 1974; 32:114-6. [PMID: 4520255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Alling CC, Jackson RW, Martinez MG, Tolman DE. Case 1, Part 1. J Oral Surg 1973; 31:463-4. [PMID: 4512745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Adkins KF, Martinez MG, Romaniuk K. Ultrastructure of giant-cell lesions. Mononuclear cells in peripheral giant-cell granulomas. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1972; 33:775-86. [PMID: 4502152 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(72)90446-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
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Adkins KF, Martinez MG, Hartley MW. Ultrastructure of giant-cell lesions. A peripheral giant-cell reparative granuloma. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1969; 28:713-23. [PMID: 5259458 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(69)90420-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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Adkins KF, Martinez MG, Robinson LH. Cellular morphology and relationships in giant-cell lesions of the jaws. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1969; 28:216-22. [PMID: 4183950 DOI: 10.1016/0030-4220(69)90289-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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