1
|
Kopczynski A, Carteri RB, Rodolphi MS, Oses JP, Portela LO, Geller CA, de Oliveira VG, De Bastiani MA, Strogulski NR, Smith DH, Portela LV. Lower and higher volumes of physical exercise build up brain reserves against memory deficits triggered by a head injury in mice. Exp Neurol 2023; 363:114352. [PMID: 36813223 PMCID: PMC10103909 DOI: 10.1016/j.expneurol.2023.114352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/16/2023] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
Decreasing neurotrophic support and impaired mitochondrial bioenergetics are key mechanisms for long-term neurodegeneration and cognitive decline after traumatic brain injury (TBI). We hypothesize that preconditioning with lower and higher volumes of physical exercise upregulates the CREB-BDNF axis and bioenergetic capability, which might serve as neural reserves against cognitive impairment after severe TBI. Using a running wheel mounted in the home cage, mice were engaged in lower (LV, 48 h free access, and 48 h locked) and higher (HV, daily free access) exercise volumes for thirty days. Subsequently, LV and HV mice remained for additional thirty days in the home cage with the running wheel locked and were euthanized. The sedentary group had the running wheel always locked. For the same type of exercise stimulus in a given time, daily workout presents higher volume than alternate days workout. The total distance ran in the wheel was the reference parameter to confirm distinct exercise volumes. On average, LV exercise ran 27.522 m and HV exercise ran 52.076 m. Primarily, we investigate whether LV and HV protocols increase neurotrophic and bioenergetic support in the hippocampus thirty days after exercise ceased. Regardless of volume, exercise increased hippocampal pCREBSer133-CREB-proBDNF-BDNF signaling and mitochondrial coupling efficiency, excess capacity, and leak control, that may compose the neurobiological basis for neural reserves. Further, we challenge these neural reserves against secondary memory deficits triggered by a severe TBI. After thirty days of exercise LV and HV, and sedentary (SED) mice were submitted to the CCI model. Mice remained for additional thirty days in the home cage with the running wheel locked. The mortality after severe TBI was approximately 20% in LV and HV, while in the SED was 40%. Also, LV and HV exercise sustained hippocampal pCREBSer133-CREB-proBDNF-BDNF signaling, mitochondrial coupling efficiency, excess capacity, and leak control for thirty days after severe TBI. Corroborating these benefits, the mitochondrial H2O2 production linked to complexes I and II was attenuated by exercise regardless of the volume. These adaptations attenuated spatial learning and memory deficits caused by TBI. In summary, preconditioning with LV and HV exercise builds up long-lasting CREB-BDNF and bioenergetic neural reserves that preserve memory fitness after severe TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Afonso Kopczynski
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Randhall B Carteri
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro Universitário Metodista, Departamento de Nutrição, Instituto Porto Alegre, IPA, Porto Alegre, Brazil; CESUCA Centro Universitário, Departamento de Nutrição, Cachoeirinha, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S Rodolphi
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean P Oses
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Luiz O Portela
- Laboratório de Performance em Ambiente Simulado (LAPAS), Centro de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Cesar A Geller
- Laboratório de Performance em Ambiente Simulado (LAPAS), Centro de Educação Física, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria - UFSM, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitória G de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio De Bastiani
- Zimmer Neuroimaging Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathan R Strogulski
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; School of Biochemistry and Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland.
| | - Douglas H Smith
- Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair, Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA.
| | - Luis V Portela
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação em Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Nedel WL, Strogulski NR, Rodolphi MS, Kopczynski A, Montes THM, Portela LV. SHORT-TERM INFLAMMATORY BIOMARKER PROFILES ARE ASSOCIATED WITH DEFICIENT MITOCHONDRIAL BIOENERGETICS IN LYMPHOCYTES OF SEPTIC SHOCK PATIENTS-A PROSPECTIVE COHORT STUDY. Shock 2023; 59:288-293. [PMID: 36795959 DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000002055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Introduction: A biomarker strategy based on the quantification of an immune profile could provide a clinical understanding of the inflammatory state in patients with sepsis and its potential implications for the bioenergetic state of lymphocytes, whose metabolism is associated with altered outcomes in sepsis. The objective of this study is to investigate the association between mitochondrial respiratory states and inflammatory biomarkers in patients with septic shock. Methods: This prospective cohort study included patients with septic shock. Routine, complex I, complex II respiration, and biochemical coupling efficiency were measured to evaluate mitochondrial activity. We measured IL-1ß, IL-6, IL-10, total lymphocyte count, and C-reactive protein levels on days 1 and 3 of septic shock management as well as mitochondrial variables. The variability of these measurements was evaluated using delta counts (days 3-1 counts). Results: Sixty-four patients were included in this analysis. There was a negative correlation between complex II respiration and IL-1ß (Spearman ρ, -0.275; P = 0.028). Biochemical coupling efficiency at day 1 was negative correlated with IL-6: Spearman ρ, -0.247; P = 0.05. Delta complex II respiration was negatively correlated with delta IL-6 (Spearman ρ, -0.261; P = 0.042). Delta complex I respiration was negatively correlated with delta IL-6 (Spearman ρ, -0.346; P = 0.006), and delta routine respiration was also negatively correlated with both delta IL-10 (Spearman ρ, -0.257; P = 0.046) and delta IL-6 (Spearman ρ, -0.32; P = 0.012). Conclusions: The metabolic change observed in mitochondrial complex I and complex II of lymphocytes is associated with a decrease in IL-6 levels, which can signal a decrease in global inflammatory activity.
Collapse
|
3
|
Strogulski NR, Kopczynski A, de Oliveira VG, Carteri RB, Hansel G, Venturin GT, Greggio S, DaCosta JC, De Bastiani MA, Rodolphi MS, Portela LV. Nandrolone Supplementation Promotes AMPK Activation and Divergent 18[FDG] PET Brain Connectivity in Adult and Aged Mice. Neurochem Res 2022; 47:2032-2042. [PMID: 35415802 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-022-03592-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 03/26/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Decreased anabolic androgen levels are followed by impaired brain energy support and sensing with loss of neural connectivity during physiological aging, providing a neurobiological basis for hormone supplementation. Here, we investigated whether nandrolone decanoate (ND) administration mediates hypothalamic AMPK activation and glucose metabolism, thus affecting metabolic connectivity in brain areas of adult and aged mice. Metabolic interconnected brain areas of rodents can be detected by positron emission tomography using 18FDG-mPET. Albino CF1 mice at 3 and 18 months of age were separated into 4 groups that received daily subcutaneous injections of either ND (15 mg/kg) or vehicle for 15 days. At the in vivo baseline and on the 14th day, brain 18FDG-microPET scans were performed. Hypothalamic pAMPKT172/AMPK protein levels were assessed, and basal mitochondrial respiratory states were evaluated in synaptosomes. A metabolic connectivity network between brain areas was estimated based on 18FDG uptake. We found that ND increased the pAMPKT172/AMPK ratio in both adult and aged mice but increased 18FDG uptake and mitochondrial basal respiration only in adult mice. Furthermore, ND triggered rearrangement in the metabolic connectivity of adult mice and aged mice compared to age-matched controls. Altogether, our findings suggest that ND promotes hypothalamic AMPK activation, and distinct glucose metabolism and metabolic connectivity rearrangements in the brains of adult and aged mice.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- N R Strogulski
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - A Kopczynski
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - V G de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - R B Carteri
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - G Hansel
- Neuroinflammation and Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Brain Institute of Rio Grande Do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - G T Venturin
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande Do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - S Greggio
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande Do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - J C DaCosta
- Brain Institute of Rio Grande Do Sul (BraIns), Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande Do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - M A De Bastiani
- Zimmer Neuroimaging Lab, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - M S Rodolphi
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - L V Portela
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, ICBS, Universidade Federal Do Rio Grande Do Sul, Porto Alegre, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Strogulski NR, Stefani MA, Böhmer AE, Hansel G, Rodolphi MS, Kopczynski A, de Oliveira VG, Stefani ET, Portela JV, Schmidt AP, Oses JP, Smith DH, Portela LV. Cerebrospinal fluid purinomics as a biomarker approach to predict outcome after severe traumatic brain injury. J Neurochem 2022; 161:173-186. [PMID: 35157328 PMCID: PMC9035090 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15590] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
Severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) is associated with high rates of mortality and long-term disability linked to neurochemical abnormalities. Although purine-derivatives play important roles in TBI pathogenesis in preclinical models, little is known about potential changes in purine levels and their implications in human TBI. We assessed cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of purines in severe TBI patients as potential biomarkers that predict mortality and long-term dysfunction. This was a cross-sectional study performed in 17 severe TBI patients (Glasgow Coma Scale < 8) and 51 controls. Two to four hours after admission to ICU, patients were submitted to ventricular drainage and CSF collection for quantification of adenine and guanine purine-derivatives by HPLC. TBI patients survival was followed up to 3 days from admission. A neurofunctional assessment was performed through the modified Rankin Scale (mRS) two years after ICU admission. Purine levels were compared between control and TBI patients, and between surviving and non-surviving patients. Relative to controls, TBI patients presented increased CSF levels of GDP, guanosine, adenosine, inosine, hypoxanthine, and xanthine. Further, GTP, GDP, IMP, and xanthine levels were different between surviving and non-surviving patients. Among the purines, guanosine was associated with improved mRS (p=0.042; r= -0.506). Remarkably, GTP displayed predictive value (AUC=0.841, p=0.024) for discriminating survival vs. non-survival patients up to three days from admission. These results support TBI-specific purine signatures, suggesting GTP as a promising biomarker of mortality, and guanosine as an indicator of long-term functional disability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nathan R Strogulski
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma e Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marco Antonio Stefani
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Ana Elisa Böhmer
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma e Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Gisele Hansel
- Neuroinflammation and Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul, Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S Rodolphi
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma e Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Afonso Kopczynski
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma e Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Vitória G de Oliveira
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma e Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Eduarda T Stefani
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy, Departamento de Ciências Morfológicas, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Juliana V Portela
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma e Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - André P Schmidt
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma e Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.,Department of Anesthesia and Perioperative Medicine, Hospital de Clínicas de Porto Alegre (HCPA), UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Department of Anesthesia, Santa Casa de Porto Alegre, Universidade Federal de Ciências Médicas de Porto Alegre (UFCSPA), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil. Department of Anesthesia, Hospital Nossa Senhora da Conceição, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Jean Pierre Oses
- Programa de Pós-Graduação em Ciências Fisiológicas, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Douglas H Smith
- Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair and Department of Neurosurgery, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, USA
| | - Luis V Portela
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma e Biomarkers, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Carteri RB, Kopczynski A, Rodolphi MS, Strogulski NR, Wannmacher CMD, Franceschi ID, Hammerschmitt ME, Driemeier D, Portela LV. Anabolic-androgenic steroids impair mitochondrial function and redox status in the heart and liver of mice. Steroids 2021; 172:108861. [PMID: 33984388 DOI: 10.1016/j.steroids.2021.108861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Supraphysiological doses of anabolic-androgenic steroids (AAS) may cause long-term functional abnormalities, particularly in the heart and liver, which may only represent the later-stage of the cumulative damage caused by dysfunctional organelles. We investigated whether mid-term supraphysiological doses of Testosterone and Nandrolone impair mitochondrial Ca2+ and membrane potential (ΔΨm) dynamics, and redox machinery in the heart and liver of mice. CF1 albino mice were treated daily with 15 mg/kg of Nandrolone (ND) or Testosterone (T), or oil (vehicle) for 19 days. Preparations enriched in mitochondria from the heart or liver were used to perform assays of Ca2+ influx/efflux, ΔΨm, and H2O2 production. ND significantly impaired mitochondrial Ca2+ influx in the heart, and ΔΨm in both organs. ND and T increased H2O2 levels in the heart and liver relative to controls. Also, ND increased oxidative damage to lipids and proteins (TBARS and carbonyls) in the heart, and both AAS decreased glutathione peroxidase activity in the heart and liver. In summary, supraphysiological doses of ND, and in a lesser extend T, impaired mitochondrial Ca2+ influx and ΔΨm, and redox homeostasis being early mechanistic substrates for inducing heart and liver tissue damage.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Randhall B Carteri
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, PPG-Ciências Biológicas Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil; Centro Universitário Metodista - Instituto Porto Alegre (IPA), Porto Alegre, Brazil
| | - Afonso Kopczynski
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, PPG-Ciências Biológicas Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcelo S Rodolphi
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, PPG-Ciências Biológicas Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathan R Strogulski
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, PPG-Ciências Biológicas Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Clovis M D Wannmacher
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, PPG-Ciências Biológicas Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Itiane D Franceschi
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, PPG-Ciências Biológicas Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Marcia E Hammerschmitt
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - David Driemeier
- Setor de Patologia Veterinária, Faculdade de Veterinária da Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Luis V Portela
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma and Biomarkers, PPG-Ciências Biológicas Bioquímica, Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto de Ciências Básicas da Saúde, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul - UFRGS, Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Rodolphi MS, Kopczynski A, Carteri RB, Sartor M, Fontella FU, Feldmann M, Hansel G, Strogulski NR, Portela LV. Glutamate transporter-1 link astrocytes with heightened aggressive behavior induced by steroid abuse in male CF1 mice. Horm Behav 2021; 127:104872. [PMID: 33069754 DOI: 10.1016/j.yhbeh.2020.104872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
The astrocytic glutamate transporter GLT-1 performs glutamate uptake thereby mediating NMDAr responses in neurons. Ceftriaxone (CEF) upregulates astrocytic GLT-1 expression/activity, which could counteract excessive glutamate levels and aggressive behavior induced by anabolic synthetic steroids such as nandrolone decanoate (ND). Here, adult male CF-1 mice were allocated to oil (VEH), ND, CEF, and ND/CEF groups. Mice were subcutaneously (s.c.) injected with ND (15 mg/kg) or VEH for 19 days, and received intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of CEF (200 mg/kg) or saline for 5 days. The ND/CEF group received ND for 19 days plus coadministration of CEF in the last 5 days. On the 19th day, the aggressive phenotypes were evaluated through the resident-intruder test. After 24 h, cerebrospinal fluid was collected to measure glutamate levels, and the pre-frontal cortex was used to assess GLT-1, pGluN2BTyr1472, and pGluN2ATyr1246 by Western blot. Synaptosomes from the left brain hemisphere was used to evaluate mitochondrial function including complex II-succinate dehydrogenase (SDH), Ca2+ handling, membrane potential (ΔѰm), and H2O2 production. ND decreased the latency for the first attack and increased the number of attacks by the resident mice against the intruder, mechanistically associated with an increase in glutamate levels and pGluN2BTyr1472 but not pGluN2ATyr1244, and GLT-1 downregulation. The abnormalities in mitochondrial Ca2+ influx, SDH, ΔѰm, and H2O2 implies in deficient energy support to the synaptic machinery. The ND/CEF group displayed a decreased aggressive behavior, normalization of glutamate and pGluN2BTyr1472levels, and mitochondrial function at synaptic terminals. In conclusion, the pharmacological modulation of GLT-1 highlights its relevance as an astrocytic target against highly impulsive and aggressive phenotypes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marcelo S Rodolphi
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Afonso Kopczynski
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Randhall B Carteri
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Centro Universitário Metodista - Instituto Porto Alegre (IPA), Coronel Joaquim Pedro Salgado 80, Porto Alegre, RS 90420-060, Brazil
| | - Monia Sartor
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Fernanda U Fontella
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Marceli Feldmann
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Gisele Hansel
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil; Robert A. Groff Professor of Teaching and Research in Neurosurgery Department: Neurosurgery, University of Pennsylvania, 105 Hayden Hall 3320 Smith Walk, Philadelphia, PA 19104-6316, USA; Laboratório de Neuroinflamação e Neuroimunologia, Instituto do Cérebro do Rio Grande do Sul, Pontificia Universidade Católica do Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS), Porto Alegre, RS, Brazil
| | - Nathan R Strogulski
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil
| | - Luis V Portela
- Laboratório de Neurotrauma e Biomarcadores, Departamento de Bioquímica, Programa de Pós-Graduação Bioquímica, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul-UFRGS, Ramiro Barcelos 2600, anexo, Porto Alegre, RS 90035-003, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Stefani MA, Modkovski R, Hansel G, Zimmer ER, Kopczynski A, Muller AP, Strogulski NR, Rodolphi MS, Carteri RK, Schmidt AP, Oses JP, Smith DH, Portela LV. Elevated glutamate and lactate predict brain death after severe head trauma. Ann Clin Transl Neurol 2017; 4:392-402. [PMID: 28589166 PMCID: PMC5454398 DOI: 10.1002/acn3.416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Clinical neurological assessment is challenging for severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) patients in the acute setting. Waves of neurochemical abnormalities that follow TBI may serve as fluid biomarkers of neurological status. We assessed the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) levels of glutamate, lactate, BDNF, and GDNF, to identify potential prognostic biomarkers of neurological outcome. Methods This cross‐sectional study was carried out in a total of 20 consecutive patients (mean [SD] age, 29 [13] years; M/F, 9:1) with severe TBI Glasgow Coma Scale ≤ 8 and abnormal computed tomography scan on admission. Patients were submitted to ventricular drainage and had CSF collected between 2 and 4 h after hospital admission. Patients were then stratified according to two clinical outcomes: deterioration to brain death (nonsurvival, n = 6) or survival (survival, n = 14), within 3 days after hospital admission. CSF levels of brain‐derived substances were compared between nonsurvival and survival groups. Clinical and neurological parameters were also assessed. Results Glutamate and lactate are significantly increased in nonsurvival relative to survival patients. We tested the accuracy of both biomarkers to discriminate patient outcome. Setting a cutoff of >57.75, glutamate provides 80.0% of sensitivity and 84.62% of specificity (AUC: 0.8214, 95% CL: 54.55–98.08%; and a cutoff of >4.65, lactate has 100% of sensitivity and 85.71% of specificity (AUC: 0.8810, 95% CL: 54.55–98.08%). BDNF and GDNF did not discriminate poor outcome. Interpretation This early study suggests that glutamate and lactate concentrations at hospital admission accurately predict death within 3 days after severe TBI.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marco A Stefani
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy Department of Morphological Sciences Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Rafael Modkovski
- Laboratory of Neuroanatomy Department of Morphological Sciences Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Gisele Hansel
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma Department of Biochemistry Post-graduation Program in Biochemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Eduardo R Zimmer
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma Department of Biochemistry Post-graduation Program in Biochemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil.,Brain Institute of Rio Grande do Sul (BraIns) Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul (PUCRS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Afonso Kopczynski
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma Department of Biochemistry Post-graduation Program in Biochemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Alexandre P Muller
- Laboratory of Exercise Biochemistry and Physiology University of Southern Santa Catarina (UNESC) Criciúma Santa Catarina Brazil
| | - Nathan R Strogulski
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma Department of Biochemistry Post-graduation Program in Biochemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Marcelo S Rodolphi
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma Department of Biochemistry Post-graduation Program in Biochemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Randhall K Carteri
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma Department of Biochemistry Post-graduation Program in Biochemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - André P Schmidt
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma Department of Biochemistry Post-graduation Program in Biochemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| | - Jean P Oses
- Graduate Program in Health and Behavior Catholic University of Pelotas Pelotas RS Brazil
| | - Douglas H Smith
- Penn Center for Brain Injury and Repair and Department of Neurosurgery Perelman School of Medicine University of Pennsylvania Philadelphia Pennsylvania 19104
| | - Luis V Portela
- Laboratory of Neurotrauma Department of Biochemistry Post-graduation Program in Biochemistry Federal University of Rio Grande do Sul (UFRGS) Porto Alegre RS Brazil
| |
Collapse
|