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Alves-de-Lima L, Calixto ES, de Oliveira ML, Novaes LR, Almeida EAB, Torezan-Silingardi HM. Flowering Time Variation in Two Sympatric Tree Species Contributes to Avoid Competition for Pollinator Services. Plants (Basel) 2023; 12:3347. [PMID: 37836087 PMCID: PMC10574496 DOI: 10.3390/plants12193347] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 09/09/2023] [Accepted: 09/14/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023]
Abstract
Competition is an important biological filter that can define crucial features of species' natural history, like survival and reproduction success. We evaluated in the Brazilian tropical savanna whether two sympatric and congenereric species, Qualea multiflora Mart. and Q. parviflora Mart. (Vochysiaceae), compete for pollinator services, testing whether there is a better competitor or whether plants present any anti-competitive mechanism. Additionally, we investigated the breeding system, pollinators, and flowering phenology of both species. The results showed that Q. multiflora and Q. parviflora are dependent on pollinators for fruit formation, as they exhibited a self-incompatible and non-agamospermic breeding system. These plants shared the same guild of pollinators, which was formed by bees and hummingbirds, and an overlap in the flower visitation time was observed. Each plant species had different pollinator attraction strategies: Q. multiflora invested in floral resource quality, while Q. parviflora invested in resource quantity. The blooming time showed a temporal flowering partition, with highly sequential flowering and no overlap. Qualea parviflora bloomed intensely from September to October, while Q. multiflora bloomed from November to January, with the flowering peak occurring in December. The two Qualea species have morphologically similar flowers, are sympatric, and share the same pollinator community, with overlapping foraging activity during the day. However, they do not compete for pollinator services as they exhibit an anti-competitive mechanism mediated by temporal flowering partition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Alves-de-Lima
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Soares Calixto
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
- Entomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 3261, USA
| | - Marcos Lima de Oliveira
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Letícia Rodrigues Novaes
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Biología Vegetal y Ecología, Universidad de Sevilla, 41009 Sevilla, Spain
| | - Eduardo A. B. Almeida
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
| | - Helena Maura Torezan-Silingardi
- Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia 38400-902, MG, Brazil
- Departamento de Biologia, Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 14040-901, SP, Brazil
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Novaes LR, Calixto ES, Oliveira MLD, Alves-de-Lima L, Almeida OD, Torezan-Silingardi HM. Environmental variables drive phenological events of anemocoric plants and enhance diaspore dispersal potential: A new wind-based approach. Sci Total Environ 2020; 730:139039. [PMID: 32388377 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.139039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2020] [Revised: 04/13/2020] [Accepted: 04/25/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Phenological studies of Brazilian savanna vegetation have described a generalized phenological pattern for all species, mainly based on rainfall and temperature. Few studies have considered wind as an explanatory factor; abiotic factors may impact differently on phenophases, and one phenophase may influence the performance of another. Thus, we aim to describe the phenological patterns of five anemocoric plant species (Aspidosperma tomentosum, Dalbergia miscolobium, Kielmeyera coriacea, Peixotoa tomentosa and Qualea multiflora) in the face of different climatic conditions, mainly evaluating the effects of wind on the ripe diaspore. We addressed three main questions: (1) What is the phenological behavior of each of these five anemocoric species in a seasonal environment? (2) Which climatic variables best explain each phenophase? (3) Does the dispersal of ripe diaspores peak shortly after deciduousness? We found that (i) our focal species showed similar phenological patterns, except for the floral bud and flower phenophases of two species (A. tomentosum and P. tomentosa), and the young fruit phase; (ii) each abiotic variable has a specific level of influence for each phenophase, but the most important variables were rainfall and wind speed; and (iii) the dispersal peak of ripe diaspores occurred shortly after deciduousness, and when plants had fewer leaves. We conclude that the phenological patterns of these five anemocoric plants are similar, but that the patterns observed are not necessarily those described for Cerrado species. Additionally, we found that wind is an important factor in the expression of specific phenophases, and that the performance of some phenological events can be influenced by others, especially diaspore dispersal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Letícia Rodrigues Novaes
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais. Instituto de Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Soares Calixto
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Entomologia. Faculdade de Filosofia, Ciências e Letras, Universidade de São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Marcos Lima de Oliveira
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais. Instituto de Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Larissa Alves-de-Lima
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais. Instituto de Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Odenir de Almeida
- Centro de Pesquisa em Aerodinâmica Experimental, Faculdade de Engenharia Mecânica, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil
| | - Helena Maura Torezan-Silingardi
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais. Instituto de Programa de Pós-graduação em Ecologia e Conservação de Recursos Naturais, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Uberlândia, Uberlândia, MG, Brazil.
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Ayala GE, Cubilla AL, Lopes A, Guimaraes GC, de Oliveira ML, Velázquez EF, Torres JJ, Soares FA. PERINEURAL INVASION (PNI) PREDICTS MORTALITY IN PENILE SQUAMOUS CELL CARCINOMA. A LONG-TERM OUTCOME STUDY COMPARING CLINICO-PATHOLOGIC FEATURES. J Urol 2009. [DOI: 10.1016/s0022-5347(09)60930-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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