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Keir HR, Long MB, Abo-Leyah H, Giam YH, Vadiveloo T, Pembridge T, Hull RC, Delgado L, Band M, McLaren-Neil F, Adamson S, Lahnsteiner E, Gilmour A, Hughes C, New BJ, Connell D, Dowey R, Turton H, Richardson H, Cassidy D, Cooper J, Suntharalingam J, Diwakar L, Russell P, Underwood J, Hicks A, Dosanjh DP, Sage B, Dhasmana D, Spears M, Thompson AR, Brightling C, Smith A, Patel M, George J, Condliffe AM, Shoemark A, MacLennan G, Chalmers JD. Dipeptidyl peptidase-1 inhibition in patients hospitalised with COVID-19: a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial. Lancet Respir Med 2022; 10:1119-1128. [PMID: 36075243 PMCID: PMC9442496 DOI: 10.1016/s2213-2600(22)00261-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 07/02/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neutrophil serine proteases are involved in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and increased serine protease activity has been reported in severe and fatal infection. We investigated whether brensocatib, an inhibitor of dipeptidyl peptidase-1 (DPP-1; an enzyme responsible for the activation of neutrophil serine proteases), would improve outcomes in patients hospitalised with COVID-19. METHODS In a multicentre, double-blind, randomised, parallel-group, placebo-controlled trial, across 14 hospitals in the UK, patients aged 16 years and older who were hospitalised with COVID-19 and had at least one risk factor for severe disease were randomly assigned 1:1, within 96 h of hospital admission, to once-daily brensocatib 25 mg or placebo orally for 28 days. Patients were randomly assigned via a central web-based randomisation system (TruST). Randomisation was stratified by site and age (65 years or ≥65 years), and within each stratum, blocks were of random sizes of two, four, or six patients. Participants in both groups continued to receive other therapies required to manage their condition. Participants, study staff, and investigators were masked to the study assignment. The primary outcome was the 7-point WHO ordinal scale for clinical status at day 29 after random assignment. The intention-to-treat population included all patients who were randomly assigned and met the enrolment criteria. The safety population included all participants who received at least one dose of study medication. This study was registered with the ISRCTN registry, ISRCTN30564012. FINDINGS Between June 5, 2020, and Jan 25, 2021, 406 patients were randomly assigned to brensocatib or placebo; 192 (47·3%) to the brensocatib group and 214 (52·7%) to the placebo group. Two participants were excluded after being randomly assigned in the brensocatib group (214 patients included in the placebo group and 190 included in the brensocatib group in the intention-to-treat population). Primary outcome data was unavailable for six patients (three in the brensocatib group and three in the placebo group). Patients in the brensocatib group had worse clinical status at day 29 after being randomly assigned than those in the placebo group (adjusted odds ratio 0·72 [95% CI 0·57-0·92]). Prespecified subgroup analyses of the primary outcome supported the primary results. 185 participants reported at least one adverse event; 99 (46%) in the placebo group and 86 (45%) in the brensocatib group. The most common adverse events were gastrointestinal disorders and infections. One death in the placebo group was judged as possibly related to study drug. INTERPRETATION Brensocatib treatment did not improve clinical status at day 29 in patients hospitalised with COVID-19. FUNDING Sponsored by the University of Dundee and supported through an Investigator Initiated Research award from Insmed, Bridgewater, NJ; STOP-COVID19 trial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Holly R Keir
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Merete B Long
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Hani Abo-Leyah
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Yan Hui Giam
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Thomas Pembridge
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Rebecca C Hull
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Lilia Delgado
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Margaret Band
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | - Simon Adamson
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Eva Lahnsteiner
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Amy Gilmour
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Chloe Hughes
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Benjamin Jm New
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - David Connell
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Rebecca Dowey
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Helena Turton
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Diane Cassidy
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Mark Spears
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Aa Roger Thompson
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | | | | | - Jacob George
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Alison M Condliffe
- Department of Infection, Immunity and Cardiovascular Disease, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Amelia Shoemark
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Graeme MacLennan
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - James D Chalmers
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK.
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Witham MD, Lees JS, White M, Band M, Bell S, Chantler DJ, Ford I, Fulton RL, Kennedy G, Littleford RC, McCrea IV, McGlynn D, Panarelli M, Ralston MR, Rutherford E, Severn A, Thomson N, Traynor JP, Struthers AD, Wetherall K, Mark PB. Vitamin K Supplementation to Improve Vascular Stiffness in CKD: The K4Kidneys Randomized Controlled Trial. J Am Soc Nephrol 2020; 31:2434-2445. [PMID: 32817311 DOI: 10.1681/asn.2020020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2020] [Accepted: 07/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Vascular calcification, a risk factor for cardiovascular disease, is common among patients with CKD and is an independent contributor to increased vascular stiffness and vascular risk in this patient group. Vitamin K is a cofactor for proteins involved in prevention of vascular calcification. Whether or not vitamin K supplementation could improve arterial stiffness in patients with CKD is unknown. METHODS To determine if vitamin K supplementation might improve arterial stiffness in patients in CKD, we conducted a parallel-group, double-blind, randomized trial in participants aged 18 or older with CKD stage 3b or 4 (eGFR 15-45 ml/min per 1.73 m2). We randomly assigned participants to receive 400 μg oral vitamin K2 or matching placebo once daily for a year. The primary outcome was the adjusted between-group difference in carotid-femoral pulse wave velocity at 12 months. Secondary outcomes included augmentation index, abdominal aortic calcification, BP, physical function, and blood markers of mineral metabolism and vascular health. We also updated a recently published meta-analysis of trials to include the findings of this study. RESULTS We included 159 randomized participants in the modified intention-to-treat analysis, with 80 allocated to receive vitamin K and 79 to receive placebo. Mean age was 66 years, 62 (39%) were female, and 87 (55%) had CKD stage 4. We found no differences in pulse wave velocity at 12 months, augmentation index at 12 months, BP, B-type natriuretic peptide, or physical function. The updated meta-analysis showed no effect of vitamin K supplementation on vascular stiffness or vascular calcification measures. CONCLUSIONS Vitamin K2 supplementation did not improve vascular stiffness or other measures of vascular health in this trial involving individuals with CKD. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRY NAME AND REGISTRATION NUMBER Vitamin K therapy to improve vascular health in patients with chronic kidney disease, ISRCTN21444964 (www.isrctn.com).
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Witham
- AGE Research Group, National Institute for Health Research Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Translational and Clinical Research Institute, Newcastle University and Newcastle-upon-Tyne National Health Service Trust, Tyne, United Kingdom .,School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Jennifer S Lees
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Myra White
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Margaret Band
- Tayside Clinical Trials Unit, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Samira Bell
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Donna J Chantler
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, National Health Service Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Ian Ford
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Roberta L Fulton
- School of Nursing and Health Sciences, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Gwen Kennedy
- School of Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | | | - Ian V McCrea
- Department of Radiology, National Health Service Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Deborah McGlynn
- Clinical Research Facility, National Health Service Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Maurizio Panarelli
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, National Health Service Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Glasgow Royal Infirmary, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Maximilian R Ralston
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Elaine Rutherford
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Alison Severn
- Renal Unit, National Health Service Tayside, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, United Kingdom
| | - Nicola Thomson
- Clinical Research Facility, National Health Service Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Jamie P Traynor
- Clinical Research Facility, National Health Service Greater Glasgow and Clyde, Queen Elizabeth University Hospital, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | | | - Kirsty Wetherall
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Patrick B Mark
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
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Witham MD, Band M, Chong H, Donnan PT, Hampson G, Hu MK, Littleford R, Lamb E, Kalra PA, Kennedy G, McNamee P, Plews D, Rauchhaus P, Soiza RL, Sumukadas D, Warwick G, Avenell A. Sodium bicarbonate to improve physical function in patients over 60 years with advanced chronic kidney disease: the BiCARB RCT. Health Technol Assess 2020; 24:1-90. [PMID: 32568065 PMCID: PMC7336221 DOI: 10.3310/hta24270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Advanced chronic kidney disease is common in older people and is frequently accompanied by metabolic acidosis. Oral sodium bicarbonate is used to treat this acidosis, but evidence is lacking on whether or not this provides a net gain in health or quality of life for older people. OBJECTIVES The objectives were to determine whether or not oral bicarbonate therapy improves physical function, quality of life, markers of renal function, bone turnover and vascular health compared with placebo in older people with chronic kidney disease and mild acidosis; to assess the safety of oral bicarbonate; and to establish whether or not oral bicarbonate therapy is cost-effective in this setting. DESIGN A parallel-group, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial. SETTING The setting was nephrology and geriatric medicine outpatient departments in 27 UK hospitals. PARTICIPANTS Participants were adults aged ≥ 60 years with advanced chronic kidney disease (glomerular filtration rate category 4 or 5, not on dialysis) with a serum bicarbonate concentration of < 22 mmol/l. INTERVENTIONS Eligible participants were randomised 1 : 1 to oral sodium bicarbonate or matching placebo. Dosing started at 500 mg three times daily, increasing to 1 g three times daily if the serum bicarbonate concentration was < 22 mmol/l at 3 months. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES The primary outcome was the between-group difference in the Short Physical Performance Battery score at 12 months, adjusted for baseline. Other outcome measures included generic and disease-specific health-related quality of life, anthropometry, 6-minute walk speed, grip strength, renal function, markers of bone turnover, blood pressure and brain natriuretic peptide. All adverse events were recorded, including commencement of renal replacement therapy. For the health economic analysis, the incremental cost per quality-adjusted life-year was the main outcome. RESULTS In total, 300 participants were randomised, 152 to bicarbonate and 148 to placebo. The mean age of participants was 74 years and 86 (29%) were female. Adherence to study medication was 73% in both groups. A total of 220 (73%) participants were assessed at the 12-month visit. No significant treatment effect was evident for the primary outcome of the between-group difference in the Short Physical Performance Battery score at 12 months (-0.4 points, 95% confidence interval -0.9 to 0.1 points; p = 0.15). No significant treatment benefit was seen for any of the secondary outcomes. Adverse events were more frequent in the bicarbonate arm (457 vs. 400). Time to commencement of renal replacement therapy was similar in both groups (hazard ratio 1.22, 95% confidence interval 0.74 to 2.02; p = 0.43). Health economic analysis showed higher costs and lower quality of life in the bicarbonate arm at 1 year, with additional costs of £564 (95% confidence interval £88 to £1154) and a quality-adjusted life-year difference of -0.05 (95% confidence interval -0.08 to -0.01); placebo dominated bicarbonate under all sensitivity analyses for incremental cost-effectiveness. LIMITATIONS The trial population was predominantly white and male, limiting generalisability. The increment in serum bicarbonate concentrations achieved was small and a benefit from larger doses of bicarbonate cannot be excluded. CONCLUSIONS Oral sodium bicarbonate did not improve a range of health measures in people aged ≥ 60 years with chronic kidney disease category 4 or 5 and mild acidosis, and is unlikely to be cost-effective for use in the NHS in this patient group. Once other current trials of bicarbonate therapy in chronic kidney disease are complete, an individual participant meta-analysis would be helpful to determine which subgroups, if any, are more likely to benefit and which treatment regimens are more beneficial. TRIAL REGISTRATION Current Controlled Trials ISRCTN09486651 and EudraCT 2011-005271-16. The systematic review is registered as PROSPERO CRD42018112908. FUNDING This project was funded by the National Institute for Health Research (NIHR) Health Technology Assessment programme and will be published in full in Health Technology Assessment; Vol. 24, No. 27. See the NIHR Journals Library website for further project information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miles D Witham
- AGE Research Group, NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University and Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Foundation, Trust, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK
- Molecular and Clinical Medicine, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Margaret Band
- Tayside Clinical Trials Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Huey Chong
- Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Peter T Donnan
- Division of Population Health and Genomics, Medical School, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Geeta Hampson
- Department of Clinical Chemistry and Metabolic Medicine, Guy's and St Thomas' NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | | | | | - Edmund Lamb
- East Kent Hospitals University NHS Foundation Trust, Canterbury, UK
| | | | - Gwen Kennedy
- The Immunoassay Biomarker Core Laboratory, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Paul McNamee
- Health Economics Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Deirdre Plews
- Tayside Clinical Trials Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Petra Rauchhaus
- Tayside Clinical Trials Unit, University of Dundee, Dundee, UK
| | - Roy L Soiza
- Ageing Clinical and Experimental Research, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
| | - Deepa Sumukadas
- Department of Medicine for the Elderly, NHS Tayside, Dundee, UK
| | - Graham Warwick
- John Walls Renal Unit, University Hospitals of Leicester NHS Trust, Leicester, UK
| | - Alison Avenell
- Health Services Research Unit, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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4
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Witham MD, Band M, Chong H, Donnan PT, Hampson G, Hu MK, Kalra P, Kennedy G, Lamb E, Littleford R, McNamee P, Plews D, Rauchhaus P, Soiza RL, Sumukadas D, Warwick G, Avenell A. 104 Oral Sodium Bicarbonate Therapy for Older Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease and Low-Grade Acidosis: The BiCARB Randomised Controlled Trial. Age Ageing 2020. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/afz196.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Oral sodium bicarbonate is often used to treat metabolic acidosis in older people with advanced chronic kidney disease, but evidence is lacking on whether this provides a net gain in health or quality of life.
Methods
We conducted a multicentre, parallel group, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomised trial. Adults aged 60 years and over with category 4 or 5 chronic kidney disease, not on dialysis, with serum bicarbonate concentrations <22 mmol/L were recruited from 27 UK centres. Participants were randomised 1:1 to oral sodium bicarbonate or matching placebo. The primary outcome was the between-group difference in the Short Physical Performance Battery at 12 months, adjusted for baseline. Other key outcome measures included generic and disease-specific health-related quality of life, anthropometry, physical performance, renal function, adverse events including commencement of renal replacement therapy, and health economic analysis.
Results
We randomised 300 participants, mean age 74 years; 86 (29%) were female. Mean baseline estimated GFR was 19 ml/min/1.73m2. Study medication adherence was 73% in both groups. No significant treatment effect was evident for the primary outcome of the between-group difference in the Short Physical Performance Battery at 12 months (-0.4 points; 95% CI -0.9 to 0.1, p=0.15). No significant treatment benefit was seen for any of the secondary outcomes. Adverse events were more frequent in the bicarbonate arm (457 versus 400). Time to commencing renal replacement therapy was similar in both groups (HR 1.22, 95% CI 0.74 to 2.02, p=0.43). Health economic analysis showed lower quality of life and higher costs in the bicarbonate arm at one year (£1234 vs £807); placebo dominated bicarbonate under all sensitivity analyses for incremental cost-effectiveness.
Conclusions
Oral sodium bicarbonate did not improve a wide range of health measures in this trial, and is unlikely to be cost-effective for use in the UK NHS in this patient group.
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Affiliation(s)
- M D Witham
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - M Band
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - H Chong
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - P T Donnan
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - G Hampson
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - M K Hu
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - P Kalra
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - G Kennedy
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - E Lamb
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - R Littleford
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - P McNamee
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - D Plews
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - P Rauchhaus
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - R L Soiza
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - D Sumukadas
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - G Warwick
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
| | - A Avenell
- Academic Unit of Elderly Care and Rehabilitation, University of Leeds, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
- Born in Bradford, Bradford Institute for Health Research, Bradford Teaching Hospitals NHS Foundation Trust, Bradford, United Kingdom
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Davies J, Carr E, Band M, Morris A, Struthers A. Do Losartan and Atenolol have Differential Effects on BNP and Central Haemodynamic Parameters? J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst 2016; 6:151-3. [PMID: 16525946 DOI: 10.3317/jraas.2005.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction. It has been suggested that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE-Is) and angiotensin II receptor blockers (ARBs) have a differential effect on brachial and aortic haemodynamics. This is why they seem to have beneficial effects that are beyond brachial blood pressure (BP) lowering. We aimed to investigate if this was the case with losartan when compared to atenolol. We also investigated the differential effect of losartan and atenolol on the prognostic marker, brain type natriuretic peptide (BNP). Methods. We studied 17 patients who were similar to those in the Losartan Intervention For Endpoint reduction in hypertension (LIFE) study. Patients were randomised to receive four months of losartan and atenolol in a crossover fashion. Main outcome measures were BNP and Augmentation index (AIx), which gives an indication of central haemodynamics. Brachial pulse wave velocity (PWV) and time to reflected wave (Tr) were measured as an indication of vascular stiffness. Results. BNP was significantly lower on losartan than atenolol (p=0.007). AIx was lower on losartan than atenolol (p=0.03), however, this result was not significant when heart rate was considered as a covariate (p=0.09). Heart rate was significantly lower on atenolol than losartan (p=0.03). There was no difference between treatments for both brachial PWV and Tr (p=0.2 and p=0.99, respectively). Conclusion. The benefits seen when losartan was compared to atenolol in the LIFE trial may be due to a reduction in BNP. We failed to detect a differential effect in central compared to peripheral haemodynamics when losartan was compared to atenolol.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justine Davies
- Division of Medicine and Therapeutics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, DD1 9SY, UK.
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Jones C, Jefferson E, Hogarth F, Littleford R, Band M. Supporting clinical trials through healthcare informatics. Trials 2015. [PMCID: PMC4658697 DOI: 10.1186/1745-6215-16-s2-o67] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
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Sumukadas D, Band M, Miller S, Cvoro V, Witham M, Struthers A, McConnachie A, Lloyd SM, McMurdo M. Do ACE inhibitors improve the response to exercise training in functionally impaired older adults? A randomized controlled trial. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2013; 69:736-43. [PMID: 24201696 PMCID: PMC4022094 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glt142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Loss of muscle mass and strength with ageing is a major cause for falls, disability, and morbidity in older people. Previous studies have found that angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEi) may improve physical function in older people. It is unclear whether ACEi provide additional benefit when added to a standard exercise training program. We examined the effects of ACEi therapy on physical function in older people undergoing exercise training. Methods. Community-dwelling people aged ≥65 years with functional impairment were recruited through general (family) practices. All participants received progressive exercise training. Participants were randomized to receive either 4 mg perindopril or matching placebo daily for 20 weeks. The primary outcome was between-group change in 6-minute walk distance from baseline to 20 weeks. Secondary outcomes included changes in Short Physical Performance Battery, handgrip and quadriceps strength, self-reported quality of life using the EQ-5D, and functional impairment measured using the Functional Limitations Profile. Results. A total of 170 participants (n = 86 perindopril, n = 84 placebo) were randomized. Mean age was 75.7 (standard deviation [SD] 6.8) years. Baseline 6-minute walk distance was 306 m (SD 99). Both groups increased their walk distance (by 29.6 m perindopril, 36.4 m placebo group) at 20 weeks, but there was no statistically significant treatment effect between groups (−8.6m [95% confidence interval: −30.1, 12.9], p = .43). No statistically significant treatment effects were observed between groups for the secondary outcomes. Adverse events leading to withdrawal were few (n = 0 perindopril, n = 4 placebo). Interpretation. ACE inhibitors did not enhance the effect of exercise training on physical function in functionally impaired older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deepa Sumukadas
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, University of Dundee, UK.
| | - Margaret Band
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, University of Dundee, UK
| | | | - Vera Cvoro
- Department of Care of the Elderly, National Health Service Fife, Kirkcaldy, UK
| | - Miles Witham
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, University of Dundee, UK
| | - Allan Struthers
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, University of Dundee, UK
| | | | - Suzanne M Lloyd
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics, University of Glasgow, UK
| | - Marion McMurdo
- Division of Cardiovascular and Diabetes Medicine, University of Dundee, UK
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Sumukadas D, Band M, Cvoro V, Witham M, Struthers A, McConnachie A, Loyd S, Miller S, McMurdo MET, Stevenson JM, Kindsiko K, Ikpemo C, Williams JL, Schiff R, Davies JG. Pharmacology. Age Ageing 2013. [DOI: 10.1093/ageing/aft107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
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Meydani M, Das S, Band M, Epstein S, Roberts S. The effect of caloric restriction and glycemic load on measures of oxidative stress and antioxidants in humans: results from the CALERIE Trial of Human Caloric Restriction. J Nutr Health Aging 2011; 15:456-60. [PMID: 21623467 PMCID: PMC3229089 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-011-0002-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Decreasing oxidative stress and increasing antioxidant defense has been hypothesized as one mechanism by which caloric restriction (CR) increases longevity in animals. A total of 46 moderately overweight volunteers (BMI: 25-30 kg/m2), ages 20-42 yr were randomized to either high glycemic (HG) or low glycemic (LG) dietary load CR regimen at either 10% (n=12) or 30% (n=34) of basal caloric intake. All food was provided to participants for 6 mo. Overall, after controlling for CR levels and dietary regimen for 6 mo, plasma glutathione peroxidase activity increased (p=0.04) and plasma protein carbonyl levels decreased (p=0.02) and a non-significant decrease in plasma 8-epi-prostaglandin F2α level was observed (p=0.09). No significant change was observed in other plasma antioxidants such as superoxide dismutase and catalase. These findings indicate that short term CR (10% or 30%) in moderately overweight subjects modulates some but not all measures of antioxidant defense and oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Meydani
- USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging at Tufts University, 711 Washington Street, Boston, MA 02111, USA.
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10
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Abstract
Within endocrinology, the long-term management of Turner syndrome (TS) in adults is fast becoming a specialist subject in its own right. The complications of TS can affect every system in the body, and the main reason why it falls to endocrinologists to coordinate health care is that many features are clearly within the endocrine remit: hypothyroidism, diabetes, hypertension, osteoporosis, hypogonadism. Endocrinologists as general physicians can often cover surveillance of problems in other areas such as congenital heart disease, inflammatory bowel disease and deafness, calling upon specialist input only if the need arises. In this way, a simple 'one stop shop' can offer a well-woman service for women with TS in a cost-effective manner. Such a service requires a multidisciplinary approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gerard S Conway
- Department of Endocrinology and Institute for Women's Health, University College London Hospitals, London, UK.
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Avraham A, Band M, Yoffe O, Shani M, Ron M. Bovine dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the AR026 locus. Anim Genet 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1993.tb00272.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Avraham A, Band M, Yoffe O, Shani M, Ron M. Bovine dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the AR028 locus. Anim Genet 2009. [DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1993.tb00273.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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14
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Brodsky LI, Jacob-Hirsch J, Avivi A, Trakhtenbrot L, Zeligson S, Amariglio N, Paz A, Korol AB, Band M, Rechavi G, Nevo E. Evolutionary regulation of the blind subterranean mole rat, Spalax, revealed by genome-wide gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 2005; 102:17047-52. [PMID: 16286648 PMCID: PMC1287979 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.0505043102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
We applied genome-wide gene expression analysis to the evolutionary processes of adaptive speciation of the Israeli blind subterranean mole rats of the Spalax ehrenbergi superspecies. The four Israeli allospecies climatically and adaptively radiated into the cooler, mesic northern domain (N) and warmer, xeric southern domain (S). The kidney and brain mRNAs of two N and two S animals were examined through cross-species hybridizations with two types of Affymetrix arrays (mouse and rat) and muscle mRNA of six N and six S animals with spotted cDNA mouse arrays. The initial microarray analysis was hypothesis-free, i.e., conducted without reference to the origin of animals. Principal component analysis revealed that 20-30% of the expression signal variability could be explained by the differentiation of N-S species. Similar N-S effects were obtained for all tissues and types of arrays: two Affymetrix microarrays using probe oligomer signals and the spotted array. Likewise, ANOVA and t test statistics demonstrated significant N-S ecogeographic divergence and region-tissue specificity in gene expression. Analysis of differential gene expression between species corroborates previous results deduced by allozymes and DNA molecular polymorphisms. Functional categories show significant N-S ecologic putative adaptive divergent up-regulation of genes highlighting a higher metabolism in N, and potential adaptive brain activity and kidney urine cycle pathways in S. The present results confirm ecologic-genomic separation of blind mole rats into N and S. Gene expression regulation appears to be central to the evolution of blind mole rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- L I Brodsky
- Institute of Evolution, University of Haifa, Mount Carmel, Haifa 31905, Israel
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15
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Davies J, Gavin A, Band M, Morris A, Struthers A. Spironolactone reduces brachial pulse wave velocity and PIIINP levels in hypertensive diabetic patients. Br J Clin Pharmacol 2005; 59:520-3. [PMID: 15842549 PMCID: PMC1884841 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2125.2005.02363.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
AIMS To assess whether spironolactone has beneficial effects on blood pressure (BP), N-terminal propeptide of type III procollagen (PIIINP) and pulse wave velocity (PWV) in hypertensive, type II diabetics. METHODS Ten patients with type II diabetes and hypertension were enrolled in a randomized, double-blind crossover study comparing 4 months' treatment with spironolactone and placebo with a 4-week washout phase. BP, PIIINP and carotid-radial PWV were measured at the end of each treatment phase. RESULTS Compared with placebo, spironolactone reduced systolic BP by 15.6 +/- 46.1 mmHg (P = 0.005, 95% CI 2.7-28.5 mmHg), PIIINP by 0.6 +/- 0.3 microg l(-1) (P = 0.04, 95% CI 0.02-1.1 microg l(-1)) and PWV by 0.6 +/- 0.2 m s(-1) (P = 0.008, 95% CI 0.18-1.02 m s(-1)). CONCLUSIONS Spironolactone is effective at reducing systolic BP and brachial artery stiffness as indicated by PWV. It also reduces PIIINP in type II diabetic patients with hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Davies
- Division of Medicine and Therapeutics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, UK.
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Davies JI, Band M, Morris A, Struthers AD. Spironolactone impairs endothelial function and heart rate variability in patients with type 2 diabetes. Diabetologia 2004; 47:1687-94. [PMID: 15365622 DOI: 10.1007/s00125-004-1510-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 75] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2004] [Accepted: 07/12/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
AIMS/HYPOTHESIS Aldosterone blockade has followed in the footsteps of ACE inhibition in reducing mortality in patients with heart failure. This is associated with its beneficial effects on endothelial function and heart rate variability. Diabetes is another area, where angiotensin II withdrawal has proven to be of particular value. We postulated that aldosterone blockade with spironolactone might also have beneficial effects on the prognostic markers of endothelial function and heart rate variability in diabetic patients. METHODS We assessed endothelial function by forearm venous occlusion plethysmography in 42 patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus after 1 month of treatment with spironolactone or placebo allocated in a randomised double-blind trial. Of the 42 patients, 20 were on ACE inhibitor therapy. We also assessed heart rate variability, HbA1c and plasma angiotensin II levels at the end of each treatment period. RESULTS Compared to placebo, spironolactone decreased forearm blood flow response to acetylcholine by 44.56+/-14.56% (p=0.003) in the group as a whole and by 57.61+/-15.56% (p<0.001) in the 20 patients on ACE inhibition. Spironolactone also worsened heart rate variability parameters, with root mean squared standard deviation decreased by 1.99+/-0.93 ms (p=0.03), low-frequency normalised power increased by 2.00+/-0.91 normalised units (nu) (p=0.03), high-frequency normalised power decreased by 1.98+/-0.94 nu (p=0.04) and the low frequency : high frequency ratio increased by 0.40+/-0.19 (p=0.04). HbA1c and angiotensin II increased during treatment with spironolactone by 0.26+/-0.07% (p=0.001) and 8.12+/-1.94 pg/ml (p=0.001) respectively. CONCLUSIONS/INTERPRETATION Spironolactone worsened endothelial function and heart rate variability in patients with type 2 diabetes. These findings are possibly due to the worsening of glycaemic control and increase in plasma angiotensin II that were seen with spironolactone treatment. Thus the prescription of spironolactone to diabetic patients without heart failure does not seem to be justified.
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Affiliation(s)
- J I Davies
- Division of Medicine and Therapeutics, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, Dundee, Scotland.
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17
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Alijani A, Hanna GB, Band M, Struthers AD, Cuschieri A. Cardiovascular autonomic function in patients with hemodynamic instability at induction of capnoperitoneum: a case–control study. Surg Endosc 2004; 18:915-8. [PMID: 15095083 DOI: 10.1007/s00464-003-8265-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2003] [Accepted: 11/18/2003] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study hypothesized that patients in whom bradycardia and hypotension develop with induction of positive-pressure capnoperitoneum have an underlying autonomic cardiovascular dysfunction. METHODS A case-control study was conducted to examine the baseline autonomic function of patients in whom bradycardia and hypotension develop with induction of positive-pressure capnoperitoneum. The control group consisted of patients who maintained normal cardiac rhythm and blood pressure during the same procedure. Two groups of tests were performed: bedside stress tests of cardiovascular autonomic function (response graded 1 (normal) to 4 (severely abnormal) and heart rate variability analysis (spectral and time domain components). RESULTS The study evaluated 6 patients in the bradycardia group and 10 in the control group. The group in whom bradycardia had developed scored significantly worse on the bedside stress tests than the control group (for grades I to IV: chi2 = 6.5, p = 0.022; for trend: chi2 = 5.6, p = 0.018). In contrast, both groups had similar baseline autonomic tone, as measured by heart rate variability. CONCLUSIONS Patients in whom bradycardia and hypotension develop with induction of positive-pressure capnoperitoneum have cardiovascular autonomic dysfunction, which is identifiable by bedside stress tests of autonomic function.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Alijani
- Department of Surgery, Ninewells Hospital and Medical School, DD1 9SY, Dundee, Scotland, UK
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18
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Heyen DW, Weller JI, Ron M, Band M, Beever JE, Feldmesser E, Da Y, Wiggans GR, VanRaden PM, Lewin HA. A genome scan for QTL influencing milk production and health traits in dairy cattle. Physiol Genomics 1999; 1:165-75. [PMID: 11015574 DOI: 10.1152/physiolgenomics.1999.1.3.165] [Citation(s) in RCA: 137] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A genome scan was conducted in the North American Holstein-Friesian population for quantitative trait loci (QTL) affecting production and health traits using the granddaughter design. Resource families consisted of 1,068 sons of eight elite sires. Genome coverage was estimated to be 2,551 cM (85%) for 174 genotyped markers. Each marker was tested for effects on milk yield, fat yield, protein yield, fat percentage, protein percentage, somatic cell score, and productive herd life using analysis of variance. Joint analysis of all families identified marker effects on 11 chromosomes that exceeded the genomewide, suggestive, or nominal significance threshold for QTL effects. Large marker effects on fat percentage were found on chromosomes 3 and 14, and multimarker regression analysis was used to refine the position of these QTL. Half-sibling families from Israeli Holstein dairy herds were used in a daughter design to confirm the presence of the QTL for fat percentage on chromosome 14. The QTL identified in this study may be useful for marker-assisted selection and for selection of a refined set of candidate genes affecting these traits.
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Affiliation(s)
- D W Heyen
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois 61801, USA
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19
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Band M, Larson JH, Womack JE, Lewin HA. A radiation hybrid map of BTA23: identification of a chromosomal rearrangement leading to separation of the cattle MHC class II subregions. Genomics 1998; 53:269-75. [PMID: 9799592 DOI: 10.1006/geno.1998.5507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Bovine chromosome 23 (BTA23) contains the bovine major histocompatibility complex (MHC) and is thus of particular interest because of the role of MHC genes in immunity. Previous studies have shown cattle MHC class II genes to be subdivided into two distinct subregions separated by a variable genetic distance of 15-30 cM. To elucidate the genetic events that resulted in the present organization of the class II and other MHC genes, a framework radiation hybrid (RH) map of BTA23 was developed by testing DNA samples from a 5000 rad whole genome RH panel. Twenty-six markers were screened with an average retention frequency of 0.27, ranging from 0.14 to 0.42. Total length of the chromosome was 220 cR5000, with 4.1 cR5000/cM when compared to linkage data. Gene orders for the markers common to both the RH framework map and the consensus framework linkage map are identical. Large centiray intervals, D23S23-D23S7, DYA-D23S24 and CYP21-D23S31, were observed compared to linkage distances. These data may indicate a much larger physical distance or suppression of recombination in the interval separating the class II subregions and also within the class I region than previously estimated. Comparison of 13 Type I genes conserved between BTA23 and the human homolog HSA6p suggests the occurrence of an inversion encompassing the centromeric half of the bovine chromosome, thus explaining the large distance between the bovine class IIa and IIb clusters. These results exemplify the power of RH mapping in solving problems in comparative genomics and evolution. Furthermore, noncongruence of the genetic and physical RH map distances indicates that caution must be observed in using either resource alone in searching for candidate genes controlling traits of economic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Band
- Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, 61801, USA
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20
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Abstract
Three sets of fluorescent labelled primers were used to amplify bovine trinucleotide microsatellites from DNA pools. DNA from 20 individuals were collected to create 3 pools differing in allele frequencies. Replicate mixes from each pool were used as template for PCR reactions. PCR products were separated and quantified on an automated DNA sequencer. Allele frequency estimates from pooled samples corrected for overlapping shadow peaks were calculated. Rare alleles representing only 2.5% of the total pool were accurately detected. Standard error of allele frequency estimates expressed as percent of the total 40 chromosomes per pool ranged between 0.8%-4.6% for different microsatellite-pool combinations as compared to 8.0% binomial sampling error. Regression coefficients of actual allele frequencies, determined by individual genotyping, on estimated frequencies ranged from 0.96-1.06. As regression slopes were close to unity it can be deduced that corrected peak height values from a DNA pool are unbiased estimates of actual allele frequencies. With standard error of the y-intercept of 0.21, the 95% confidence interval of allele frequency is 0.42 alleles or 1% in a pool of 40 chromosomes. Thus, it would be possible to detect an allele with a frequency of greater than 1% within the pool.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Band
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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21
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22
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Abstract
A bovine yeast artificial chromosome (YAC) clone containing the superoxide dismutase 1 (SOD1) gene was used as a template for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification using a conserved short interspersed nuclear element (SINE) primer. Two highly polymorphic microsatellites with nine and eight alleles were isolated and mapped by linkage analysis to the centromeric region of BTA1. These microsatellites will be used in the construction of a genetic and physical map of the SOD1 region towards positional cloning of the polled gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Band
- Agricultural Research Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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23
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Barendse W, Vaiman D, Kemp SJ, Sugimoto Y, Armitage SM, Williams JL, Sun HS, Eggen A, Agaba M, Aleyasin SA, Band M, Bishop MD, Buitkamp J, Byrne K, Collins F, Cooper L, Coppettiers W, Denys B, Drinkwater RD, Easterday K, Elduque C, Ennis S, Erhardt G, Li L, Lil L. A medium-density genetic linkage map of the bovine genome. Mamm Genome 1997; 8:21-8. [PMID: 9021143 DOI: 10.1007/s003359900340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 199] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
A cattle genetic linkage map was constructed which covers more than 95 percent of the bovine genome at medium density. Seven hundred and forty six DNA polymorphisms were genotyped in cattle families which comprise 347 individuals in full sibling pedigrees. Seven hundred and three of the loci are linked to at least one other locus. All linkage groups are assigned to chromosomes, and all are orientated with regards to the centromere. There is little overall difference in the lengths of the bull and cow linkage maps although there are individual differences between maps of chromosomes. One hundred and sixty polymorphisms are in or near genes, and the resultant genome-wide comparative analyses indicate that while there is greater conservation of synteny between cattle and humans compared with mice, the conservation of gene order between cattle and humans is much less than would be expected from the conservation of synteny. This map provides a basis for high-resolution mapping of the bovine genome with physical resources such as Yeast and Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes as well as providing the underpinning for the interpolation of information from the Human Genome Project.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Barendse
- CSIRO Tropical Animal Production, Level 3 Gehrmann Labs, University of Queensland, St. Lucia, Australia
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24
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Abstract
Trinucleotide (AGC)n microsatellites are found as 3' tails of the artiodactyl short insterspersed nuclear element (SINE) A-dimer. We describe a polymerase chain reaction (PCR)-based method for the construction of a plasmid library enriched for SINE (AGC)n microsatellites. By amplifying Sau3AI inserts with a conserved SINE primer and a flanking vector primer, a 35-fold enrichment of (AGC)n microsatellites over a conventional genomic library was obtained. The SINE primer was used for both sequencing of AGC-containing inserts and analysis of polymorphism. Twenty-three unique reverse primers were synthesized and used on bovine genomic DNA, 21 producing PCR products of expected size. Five polymorphic (AGC)n microsatellites with 2-4 alleles each were characterized. Allele sizes differed by a 3 bp motif and lacked the stutter bands associated with dinucleotide repeats. A tendency of increased polymorphism for longer AGC repeat arrays was observed. High stringency selection for positive clones containing eight or more AGC repeats can thus facilitate the isolation of polymorphic (AGC)n microsatellites. Enrichment for (AGC)n microsatellites by SINE-vector PCR can be applied to other bovidae species, such as sheep or goat, containing the artiodactyl SINE elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Band
- Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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25
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Abstract
The DNA microsatellites can be efficiently used to determine incorrect paternity attribution of cattle without genotyping of dams. Allelic frequencies of the population were determined for 12 microsatellites using the maternal alleles of 102 AI sires. The frequency of the most common microsatellite allele ranged from 0.27 to 0.58. Most loci had at least one allele that was present in only a single individual. Paternity of 9 of 173 cows (5.2%) and 3 of 102 bulls (2.9%) was excluded because putative paternal alleles were not present in progeny for at least one locus. For 4 of the 9 cows and all 3 bulls, exclusion was based on at least two loci. Mean probability of exclusion was 0.85 for cows and 0.99 for bulls. With an assumed cost of US $5 per genotype, a misidentification rate of 5%, and a discount rate of 0.05, additional profit for the Israeli-Holstein breeding program from genotyping 100 test daughters of each young sire becomes positive within 10 yr and reaches nearly US $2.4 million after 20 yr.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ron
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel
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26
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Ron M, Verner N, Feldmesser E, Hochman D, Band M, Shani M. Amplification of the conserved cytochrome b locus as a versatile internal control for PCR analysis in animals. Biotechniques 1996; 20:604-8. [PMID: 8800678 DOI: 10.2144/19962004604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- M Ron
- Institute of Animal Science, Volcani Center, Bet-Dagan, Israel.
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Ron M, Lewin H, Da Y, Band M, Yanai A, Blank Y, Feldmesser E, Weller JI. Prediction of informativeness for microsatellite markers among progeny of sires used for detection of economic trait loci in dairy cattle. Anim Genet 1995; 26:439-41. [PMID: 8572368 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1995.tb02697.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
Individual loci affecting economic traits can be located using genetic linkage. Application of either daughter or granddaughter design requires determination of allele origin in the progeny. If only the sires and their progeny are genotyped, the paternal allele origin of progeny having the same genotype as the sire cannot be determined. The expected frequency of informative sons can be predicted for each sire and genetic marker from the allele frequencies in the population. The accuracy of a predictor of the frequency of informative progeny was tested on 103 grandsire x microsatellite combinations. Number of sons per grandsire varied from 24 to 129. Allele frequencies in the population were estimated by genotyping seven sires. The regression of the frequency of informative sons on the predicted frequency was 1.04 with a zero intercept model. Thus, considering the large number of genetic markers available for analysis, predicted informative frequency is a useful criterion for selection of genetic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ron
- Institute of Animal Science, A.R.O., Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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28
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Ron M, Blank Y, Band M. Determination of the optimal tissue source and number of microsatellites for detection of zygotic origin of cattle twins. Anim Biotechnol 1995. [DOI: 10.1080/10495399509525830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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Affiliation(s)
- M Band
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan, Israel
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30
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Abstract
A bovine genomic library was screened for the presence of (AGC)n repeats. All isolated AGC repeats were located adjacent to the 3' end of bovine short interspersed nuclear elements (SINE). Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) using either two unique primers or one unique and one SINE primer produced high-resolution products without the secondary artifact ladders typical of dinucleotide microsatellites. Four AGC microsatellites were found to be polymorphic with 2-4 alleles each and polymorphism information context (PIC) values ranging between 0.26 and 0.49. One microsatellite, ARO25, was mapped to chromosome 26 with the CSIRO reference families. Because of their strong association with AGC repeats and high frequency in the genome, SINE-3' PCR may prove to be a novel source of polymorphic trinucleotide markers in the bovine genome.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Band
- Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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31
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Abstract
Individual loci affecting economically important traits can be located using genetic linkage between quantitative trait loci and genetic markers. In the 'granddaughter' experimental design, heterozygous grandsires and their sons are genotyped for the genetic marker, while the quantitative trait records of the granddaughters are used for statistical analysis. Ten DNA microsatellite markers were used to look for associations with quantitative trait loci affecting milk production traits in seven Israeli Holstein grandsire families. At least 60% more grandsires were heterozygous, and 40% fewer individuals were discarded because of unknown paternal allele origin, as compared with diallelic markers. The effects of paternal alleles for locus D21S4 on kg milk and protein were significant (P < 0.025). The allele substitution effects for sire 783 were 283 kg milk and 5.7 kg protein. For both traits, progeny of sire 783 that inherited allele '18' had higher evaluations than progeny that inherited allele '21'. These results were verified by genotyping 151 of his daughters. Thus, the rate of genetic gain for protein production can be increased by selecting progeny of sire 783 carrying allele '18' at this locus.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ron
- Institute of Animal Sciences, ARO, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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32
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Ron M, Band M, Wyler A, Weller JI. Unequivocal determination of sire allele origin for multiallelic microsatellites when only the sire and progeny are genotyped. Anim Genet 1993; 24:171-6. [PMID: 8363101 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2052.1993.tb00282.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The effect of a segregating economic trait locus (ETL) can be detected with the aid of a linked genetic marker, if specific alleles of each locus are in association among the individuals genotyped for the genetic marker. For dairy cattle this can be achieved by application of the 'granddaughter design'. If only the sires and their sons are genotyped for the genetic markers, then the allele origin of sons having the same genotypes as their sires cannot be determined. Seven sires and 101 sons were genotyped for five microsatellites. The mean frequency of heterozygous sires was 77%. The mean number of alleles per locus was 8.2. Frequency of informative sons per locus ranged from 60% to 80% with a mean of 72%. With highly polymorphic microsatellites, at least 60% more grandsire families can be included in the analysis, and the number of sons assayed can be reduced by 40%, as compared to diallelic markers.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ron
- Institute of Animal Sciences, Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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33
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Avraham A, Band M, Yoffe O, Shani M, Ron M. Bovine dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the ARO26 locus. Anim Genet 1993; 24:147. [PMID: 8328701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Avraham
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan, Israel
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Avraham A, Band M, Yoffe O, Shani M, Ron M. Bovine dinucleotide repeat polymorphism at the ARO28 locus. Anim Genet 1993; 24:147. [PMID: 8328702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- A Avraham
- Animal Genetics and Breeding Unit, Agricultural Research Organization, Bet-Dagan, Israel
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