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Padhi SK, Tolo I, McEachran M, Primus A, Mor SK, Phelps NBD. Koi herpesvirus and carp oedema virus: Infections and coinfections during mortality events of wild common carp in the United States. J Fish Dis 2019; 42:1609-1621. [PMID: 31637761 DOI: 10.1111/jfd.13082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2019] [Revised: 08/06/2019] [Accepted: 08/06/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Koi herpesvirus (KHV; cyprinid herpesvirus-3) and carp oedema virus (CEV) are important viruses of common and koi carp (Cyprinus carpio); however, the distribution of these viruses in wild common carp in North America is largely unknown. During the summers of 2017 and 2018, 27 mass mortalities of common carp were reported from four states in the USA (Minnesota, Iowa, Pennsylvania and Wisconsin), the majority of which were distributed across eight major watersheds in southern Minnesota. Samples from 22 of these mortality events and from five clinically healthy nearby carp populations were screened for KHV, CEV and SVCV using real-time polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). KHV was confirmed in 13 mortality events, CEV in two mortality events and coinfections of KHV/CEV in four mortality events. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed that the KHV and CEV detected here are closely related to European lineages of these viruses. While molecular detection alone cannot conclusively link either virus with disease, the cases described here expand the known range of two important viruses. This is also the first reported detection of KHV and CEV coinfections in wild carp populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumesh K Padhi
- Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- College of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Isaiah Tolo
- Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- College of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Margaret McEachran
- Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- College of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Alexander Primus
- Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Sunil K Mor
- Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Department of Veterinary Population Medicine and Veterinary Diagnostic Laboratory, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
| | - Nicholas B D Phelps
- Minnesota Aquatic Invasive Species Research Center, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
- College of Food, Agriculture and Natural Resource Sciences, Department of Fisheries, Wildlife and Conservation Biology, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN, USA
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Evans D, Pilkington P, McEachran M. Rhetoric or reality? A systematic review of the impact of participatory approaches by UK public health units on health and social outcomes. J Public Health (Oxf) 2010; 32:418-26. [PMID: 20194176 DOI: 10.1093/pubmed/fdq014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There has been a philosophical commitment to participation in public health since the 1970s. UK policy rhetoric on participation in public health has been particularly marked since 1997. It is less clear that participatory approaches have been pursued by UK public health units in practice. METHODS A systematic review was undertaken of all studies using any recognized research methodology from 1974 to 2007 reporting on health and social outcomes of participatory approaches by UK public health units. Seventeen electronic databases were searched and inclusion/exclusion criteria and quality appraisal criteria applied. RESULTS Five thousand and four hundred and fifty-one references were identified, reduced to 2155 once duplicates were removed. Only eight papers covering seven studies were relevant and included in the analysis. Only two studies met more than half of the relevant quality appraisal criteria. The studies fell into two distinct groups: four used qualitative methods to illustrate the complexities of effective community participation; three claimed success for their participative initiative without providing adequate evidence to substantiate such claims. CONCLUSIONS This systematic review demonstrates that there is very little evidence in the peer-reviewed literature of participatory approaches by UK public health units or of such approaches having any noteworthy impact on health and social outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- D Evans
- School of Health and Social Care, University of the West of England, Bristol, Glenside Campus, Blackberry Hill, Bristol BS16 1DD, UK.
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McEachran M, Weatherston L. Nuffield transplantation surgery unit. Nurs Mirror Midwives J 1968; 127:17-20. [PMID: 5190219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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