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Kwiatkowski S, Bozko M, Zarod M, Witecka A, Kocdemir K, Jagielski AK, Drozak J. Recharacterization of the Mammalian Cytosolic Type 2 (R)-β-Hydroxybutyrate Dehydrogenase (BDH2) as 4-Oxo-L-Proline Reductase (EC 1.1.1.104). J Biol Chem 2022; 298:101708. [PMID: 35150746 PMCID: PMC8914325 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2022.101708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2021] [Revised: 02/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Early studies revealed that chicken embryos incubated with a rare analog of l-proline, 4-oxo-l-proline, showed increased levels of the metabolite 4-hydroxy-l-proline. In 1962, 4-oxo-l-proline reductase, an enzyme responsible for the reduction of 4-oxo-l-proline, was partially purified from rabbit kidneys and characterized biochemically. However, only recently was the molecular identity of this enzyme solved. Here, we report the purification from rat kidneys, identification, and biochemical characterization of 4-oxo-l-proline reductase. Following mass spectrometry analysis of the purified protein preparation, the previously annotated mammalian cytosolic type 2 (R)-β-hydroxybutyrate dehydrogenase (BDH2) emerged as the only candidate for the reductase. We subsequently expressed rat and human BDH2 in Escherichia coli, then purified it, and showed that it catalyzed the reversible reduction of 4-oxo-l-proline to cis-4-hydroxy-l-proline via chromatographic and tandem mass spectrometry analysis. Specificity studies with an array of compounds carried out on both enzymes showed that 4-oxo-l-proline was the best substrate, and the human enzyme acted with 12,500-fold higher catalytic efficiency on 4-oxo-l-proline than on (R)-β-hydroxybutyrate. In addition, human embryonic kidney 293T (HEK293T) cells efficiently metabolized 4-oxo-l-proline to cis-4-hydroxy-l-proline, whereas HEK293T BDH2 KO cells were incapable of producing cis-4-hydroxy-l-proline. Both WT and KO HEK293T cells also produced trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline in the presence of 4-oxo-l-proline, suggesting that the latter compound might interfere with the trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline breakdown in human cells. We conclude that BDH2 is a mammalian 4-oxo-l-proline reductase that converts 4-oxo-l-proline to cis-4-hydroxy-l-proline and not to trans-4-hydroxy-l-proline, as originally thought. We also hypothesize that this enzyme may be a potential source of cis-4-hydroxy-l-proline in mammalian tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian Kwiatkowski
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Maria Bozko
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Michal Zarod
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Apolonia Witecka
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Kubra Kocdemir
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Adam K Jagielski
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Drozak
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Biochemistry, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.
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Klein SM, Bozko M, Toennießen A, Malek NP, Bozko P. Determination of Both TP53 Mutation Status and the Amount of p53 Protein Has Limited Diagnostic Importance for Patients with Ovarian Cancer. Curr Med Chem 2022; 29:4293-4300. [PMID: 35023452 DOI: 10.2174/0929867329666220112141211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Ovarian cancer is one of the most aggressive types of gynecologic cancers. Many patients have a relapse within two years after diagnosis and subsequent therapy. Among different genetic changes generally believed to be important for the development of cancer, TP53 is the most common mutation in the case of ovarian tumors. OBJECTIVE Our work aims to compare the outcomes of different comparisons based on the overall survival of ovarian cancer patients, determination of TP53 status, and amount of p53 protein in tumor tissues. METHODS We analyzed and compared a collective of 436 ovarian patient's data. Extracted data include TP53 mutation status, p53 protein level, and information on the overall survival. Values for p53 protein level in dependence of TP53 mutation status were compared using the Independent-Samples t-Test. Survival analyses were displayed by Kaplan-Meier plots, using the log-rank test to check for statistical significance. RESULTS We have not found any statistically significant correlations between determination of TP53 status, amount of p53 protein in tumor tissues, and overall survival of ovarian cancer patients. CONCLUSION In ovarian tumors both determination of TP53 status as well as p53 protein amount has only limited diagnostic importance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sebastian M Klein
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Germany
| | - Maria Bozko
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | | | - Nisar P Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Germany
| | - Przemyslaw Bozko
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Germany
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Nguyen MLT, Toan NL, Bozko M, Bui KC, Bozko P. Cholangiocarcinoma Therapeutics: An Update. Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2021; 21:457-475. [PMID: 33563168 DOI: 10.2174/1568009621666210204152028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cholangiocarcinoma (CCA) is the second most common hepatobiliary cancer and associated with a poor prognosis. Only one-third of CCA cases are diagnosed at operable stages. However, a high rate of relapse has been observed postoperatively. Besides screening for operable individuals, efficacious therapeutic for recurrent and advanced CCA is urgently needed. The treatment outcome of available therapeutics is important to clarify clinical indication and facilitate the development of treatment strategies. OBJECTIVE This review aims to compare the treatment outcome of different therapeutics based on both overall survival and progression-free survival. METHODS Over one hundred peer-reviewed articles were examined. We compared the treatment outcome between different treatment methods, including tumor resection with or without postoperative systematic therapy, chemotherapies including FOFLOX, and targeted therapies, such as IDH1, K-RAS, and FGFR inhibitors. Notably, the scientific basis and outcome of available treatment methods were compared with the standard first-line therapy. RESULTS CCAs at early stages should firstly undergo tumor resection surgery, followed by postoperative treatment with Capecitabine. Chemotherapy can be considered as a preoperative option for unresectable CCAs. Inoperable CCAs with genetic aberrances like FGFR alterations, IDH1, and KRAS mutations should be considered with targeted therapies. Fluoropyrimidine prodrug (S-1)/Gemcitabine/Cisplatin and nab-Paclitaxel/Gemcitabine/Cisplatin show favorable outcome which hints at the triplet regimen to be superior to Gemcitabine/Cisplatin on CCA. The triplet chemotherapeutic should be tested further compared to Gemcitabine/Cisplatin among CCAs without genetic alterations. Gemcitabine plus S-1 was recently suggested as the convenient and equivalent standard first-line for advanced/recurrent biliary tract cancer. CONCLUSION This review provides a comparative outcome between novel targeted therapies and currently available therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mai Ly Thi Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Nguyen Linh Toan
- Department of Pathophysiology, Vietnam Military Medical University, Hanoi, Vietnam
| | - Maria Bozko
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Poland
| | - Khac Cuong Bui
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Przemyslaw Bozko
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Bozko M, Bozko P. Cell-to-Cell Transmission of the Unfolded Protein Response - Is it a Real Phenomenon? Curr Med Chem 2021; 28:4586-4587. [PMID: 33153417 DOI: 10.2174/0929867327999201105163402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2020] [Revised: 10/02/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Cell-to-cell transmission of the unfolded protein response (UPR) is one of the most exciting observations recently made in cell biology. One of the most efficient tools to induce UPR response in cell culture is treatment with specific compounds leading to accumulation of misfolded proteins in endoplasmic reticulum. In this article we discussed opposite opinions regarding application of this approach and possible sources of experimental artefacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bozko
- Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Przemyslaw Bozko
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Universitätsklinikum Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bozko
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland.,Institute of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Jakub Drozak
- Department of Metabolic Regulation, Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Nisar P Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, Tubingen University, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
| | - Przemyslaw Bozko
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, Tubingen University, Otfried-Müller-Strasse 10, 72076 Tubingen, Germany
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Bozko M, Podhorecka M, Macheta A, Bozko A, Malek NP, Bozko P. Editorial (Thematic Issue: Pathogenetic Mechanisms of CLL - A Target in Therapy). Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2018; 16:651. [PMID: 27758697 DOI: 10.2174/156800961608160902101746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Przemyslaw Bozko
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Eberhard Karls University Tubingen, Otfried-Muller-Straße 10, 72076 Tubingen, Germany.
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Podhorecka M, Macheta A, Bozko M, Bozko A, Malek NP, Bozko P. Deregulation of Apoptosis - Is it Still an Important Issue in Pathogenesis of Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia? Curr Cancer Drug Targets 2017; 16:652-658. [PMID: 27117115 DOI: 10.2174/1568009616666160427103930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 09/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/10/2015] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL), a clonal expansion of B CD5+ cells, is the most common type of adult leukemia in western countries. The accumulation of neoplastic B-cells is primarily caused by prolonged life-span of these cells due to deregulation of apoptosis, and only marginally due to a higher proliferation rate. In spite of numerous reports characterizing particular mechanisms of B-CLL cell apoptosis, still relatively little is known about the complex regulation of this process. Therefore, more detailed research is required to understand the complicated mechanisms and regulatory processes of apoptosis in neoplastic B lymphocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Przemyslaw Bozko
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Faculty of Medicine, Tübingen University, Otfried-Müller-Straße 10, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
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Abstract
Amongst all currently used drugs in the field of cancer therapy, the most prominent group of agents which induce DNA, damage both directly or indirectly. Intuitively DNA should not be a perfect target for relatively unspecific small molecular weight drugs. However, the current understanding is that not damage per se but cellular response to DNA damage induced by antitumor agents is responsible for their specific targeted effect towards cancer cells in comparison to the normal cells. DNA damaging chemotherapeutics include compounds with diferent activities namely: directly or indirectly induce DNA strand breaks, covalently modify DNA bases, change the chromatin structure and topology by inhibiting chromatin-modifying enzymes. In this special issue of Current Medicinal Chemistry entitled....
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Bozko
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Andrzej Bozko
- Faculty of Biology, University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tim Scholta
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Eberhard Karls University Tubingen Tubingen. Germany
| | - Nisar P Malek
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Eberhard Karls University Tubingen Tubingen. Germany
| | - Przemyslaw Bozko
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Eberhard Karls University Tubingen Tubingen. Germany
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Przemyslaw Bozko
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Eberhard Karls University Tubingen, Otfried-Muller-Straße 10, 72076 Tubingen, Germany.
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Bien J, Bozko M, Malek NP, Bozko P. Editorial: Gut microbiota and gastrointestinal diseases: to treat or not to treat. Curr Pharm Des 2014; 20:4533-4534. [PMID: 24998646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Przemyslaw Bozko
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Eberhard Karls University Tubingen, Otfried-Muller-Straße 10, 72076 Tubingen, Germany.
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Bien J, Bozko M, P Malek N, Bozko P. Editorial: Gut Microbiota and Gastrointestinal Diseases: to Treat or Not To Treat. Curr Pharm Des 2013:CPD-EPUB-56786. [PMID: 24180401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Justyna Bien
- Przemyslaw Bozko, Department of Internal Medicine I, Eberhard Karls University Tubingen, Otfried-Muller-Straße 10, 72076 Tubingen, Germany.
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