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Banerjee K, Saravanan C, Fernandes MC, Kannan V, Purvaja R, Ramesh R. GROUNDWATER AND DRINKING WATER RADON CONCENTRATIONS IN THE COASTAL AND INTERIOR AREAS OF CHENNAI METRO CITY AND ITS IMPACT ON PUBLIC HEALTH. Radiat Prot Dosimetry 2021; 195:83-91. [PMID: 34355247 DOI: 10.1093/rpd/ncab117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 07/12/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
One hundred forty-eight water samples were collected from in and around Chennai and 222Rn concentrations were measured using radon emanometry method. The average 222Rn concentration was estimated to be 6.88, 2.01, 1.17, 0.19 and 0.10 Bq L-1 for borewell water, openwell water, tank water, metro water and lake water, respectively, which were within the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency's (USEPA) Standard limit of 11.1 Bq L-1 and World Health Organization (WHO) global average 10 Bq L-1. The total effective dose obtained has varied from 0 to 157.57 μSv y-1 with ±10% standard deviation. The mean values were 19.608, 8.092, 4.692, 0.761 and 0.423 μSv y-1 for closed borewell, open well water, tank water, metro water and for lake water, respectively. All these values were below the reference point 0.1 mSv y-1 (100 μSv y-1) set by WHO.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kakolee Banerjee
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Anna University Campus, Guindy, Chennai 600025, India
| | - C Saravanan
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Anna University Campus, Guindy, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Maria C Fernandes
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Anna University Campus, Guindy, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Vaidyanathan Kannan
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Anna University Campus, Guindy, Chennai 600025, India
| | - Ramachandran Purvaja
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Anna University Campus, Guindy, Chennai 600025, India
| | - R Ramesh
- National Centre for Sustainable Coastal Management, Anna University Campus, Guindy, Chennai 600025, India
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Díaz S, Ortega Z, Benítez AN, Costa D, Carvalheiro F, Fernandes MC, Duarte LC. Assessment of the effect of autohydrolysis treatment in banana's pseudostem pulp. Waste Manag 2021; 119:306-314. [PMID: 33125939 DOI: 10.1016/j.wasman.2020.09.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 09/20/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Banana's pseudostem pulp (BPP) is a potential by-product obtained in the mechanical fiber extraction of banana's pseudostem. Its chemical characterization revealed to have an interesting composition, with a high polysaccharides content and low content in lignin, which makes it particularly relevant for the biorefinery's biochemical platform. Autohydrolysis pretreatment, studied under isothermal (140 °C) and non-isothermal conditions (140-220 °C), yielded oligosaccharides, mainly gluco-oligosaccharides, as the main soluble products. The highest oligosaccharides production (24 g/100 g raw material) was obtained at a severity factor of 2.3. Autohydrolysis pretreatment effectively disrupted the structure of the material, inducing an improvement of the enzymatic digestibility from 73% for the raw material up to 90% for the most severe conditions. Two stage autohydrolysis, with increasing severity, was also studied, allowing to obtain a higher amount of oligosaccharides (32 g/100 g raw material) and higher digestibility of the remaining solid (up to 97%).
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Díaz
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Edificio de Fabricación Integrada, Parque Científico - Tecnológico de la ULPGC, Campus universitario de Tafira Baja, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Zaida Ortega
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Edificio de Fabricación Integrada, Parque Científico - Tecnológico de la ULPGC, Campus universitario de Tafira Baja, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Antonio N Benítez
- Departamento de Ingeniería de Procesos, Universidad de Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Edificio de Fabricación Integrada, Parque Científico - Tecnológico de la ULPGC, Campus universitario de Tafira Baja, 35017, Las Palmas de Gran Canaria, Las Palmas, Spain.
| | - Diogo Costa
- LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, Unidade de Bioenergia, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Florbela Carvalheiro
- LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, Unidade de Bioenergia, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal.
| | - Maria C Fernandes
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), Apartado 6158, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal; MED - Mediterranean Institute for Agriculture, Environment and Development, CEBAL - Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo, Apartado 6158, 7801-908 Beja, Portugal.
| | - Luís C Duarte
- LNEG - Laboratório Nacional de Energia e Geologia, Unidade de Bioenergia, Estrada do Paço do Lumiar, 22, 1649-038 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Fernandes MC, Torrado I, Carvalheiro F, Dores V, Guerra V, Lourenço PML, Duarte LC. Bioethanol production from extracted olive pomace: dilute acid hydrolysis. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2016. [DOI: 10.1515/bioeth-2016-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
AbstractResidues from olive oil industry such as Extracted Olive Pomace (EOP) are potential substrates for bioethanol production. In this work, enzymatic hydrolysis of EOP pretreated by dilute acid hydrolysis (DAH) was assessed, and the enzymatic hydrolysis and bioconversion were carried out both by separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) and pre-saccharification followed by simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (PSSF). DAH led to a significant removal hemicellulose, but the subsequent enzymatic treatments showed that the resulting residue was still partially recalcitrant to cellulase hydrolysis. Size reduction and further treatment of EOP-DAH with an alkaline solution were also tested. Alkaline post-treatment allowed a decrease in lignin content, but had little effect on enzymatic saccharification comparing to size reduction. Hence fermentation study was performed with ground EOP-DAH. The PSSF process showed a relatively higher bioethanol fermentation yield (0.46 gg-1) when compared to the SHF process.
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Ferro MD, Fernandes MC, Paulino AF, Prozil SO, Gravitis J, Evtuguin DV, Xavier AM. Bioethanol production from steam explosion pretreated and alkali extracted Cistus ladanifer (rockrose). Biochem Eng J 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bej.2015.04.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fernandes MC, Ferro MD, Paulino AFC, Mendes JAS, Gravitis J, Evtuguin DV, Xavier AMRB. Enzymatic saccharification and bioethanol production from Cynara cardunculus pretreated by steam explosion. Bioresour Technol 2015; 186:309-315. [PMID: 25836040 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2015.03.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2015] [Revised: 03/06/2015] [Accepted: 03/07/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The correct choice of the specific lignocellulosic biomass pretreatment allows obtaining high biomass conversions for biorefinery implementations and cellulosic bioethanol production from renewable resources. Cynara cardunculus (cardoon) pretreated by steam explosion (SE) was involved in second-generation bioethanol production using separate hydrolysis and fermentation (SHF) or simultaneous saccharification and fermentation (SSF) processes. Steam explosion pretreatment led to partial solubilisation of hemicelluloses and increased the accessibility of residual polysaccharides towards enzymatic hydrolysis revealing 64% of sugars yield against 11% from untreated plant material. Alkaline extraction after SE pretreatment of cardoon (CSEOH) promoted partial removal of degraded lignin, tannins, extractives and hemicelluloses thus allowing to double glucose concentration upon saccharification step. Bioethanol fermentation in SSF mode was faster than SHF process providing the best results: ethanol concentration 18.7 g L(-1), fermentation efficiency of 66.6% and a yield of 26.6g ethanol/100 g CSEOH or 10.1 g ethanol/100 g untreated cardoon.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Fernandes
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal.
| | - Miguel D Ferro
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - Ana F C Paulino
- Centro de Biotecnologia Agrícola e Agro-Alimentar do Alentejo (CEBAL)/Instituto Politécnico de Beja (IPBeja), 7801-908 Beja, Portugal
| | - Joana A S Mendes
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Janis Gravitis
- Laboratory of Eco-Effective Conversion, Latvian State Institute of Wood Chemistry, Riga, Latvia
| | - Dmitry V Evtuguin
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Ana M R B Xavier
- CICECO - Aveiro Institute of Materials, Departamento de Química, Universidade de Aveiro, Campus Universitário de Santiago, P-3810-193 Aveiro, Portugal
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Hissa B, Pontes B, Roma PMS, Alves AP, Rocha CD, Valverde TM, Aguiar PHN, Almeida FP, Guimarães AJ, Guatimosim C, Silva AM, Fernandes MC, Andrews NW, Viana NB, Mesquita ON, Agero U, Andrade LO. Membrane cholesterol removal changes mechanical properties of cells and induces secretion of a specific pool of lysosomes. PLoS One 2013; 8:e82988. [PMID: 24376622 PMCID: PMC3869752 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0082988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2013] [Accepted: 10/29/2013] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In a previous study we had shown that membrane cholesterol removal induced unregulated lysosomal exocytosis events leading to the depletion of lysosomes located at cell periphery. However, the mechanism by which cholesterol triggered these exocytic events had not been uncovered. In this study we investigated the importance of cholesterol in controlling mechanical properties of cells and its connection with lysosomal exocytosis. Tether extraction with optical tweezers and defocusing microscopy were used to assess cell dynamics in mouse fibroblasts. These assays showed that bending modulus and surface tension increased when cholesterol was extracted from fibroblasts plasma membrane upon incubation with MβCD, and that the membrane-cytoskeleton relaxation time increased at the beginning of MβCD treatment and decreased at the end. We also showed for the first time that the amplitude of membrane-cytoskeleton fluctuation decreased during cholesterol sequestration, showing that these cells become stiffer. These changes in membrane dynamics involved not only rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton, but also de novo actin polymerization and stress fiber formation through Rho activation. We found that these mechanical changes observed after cholesterol sequestration were involved in triggering lysosomal exocytosis. Exocytosis occurred even in the absence of the lysosomal calcium sensor synaptotagmin VII, and was associated with actin polymerization induced by MβCD. Notably, exocytosis triggered by cholesterol removal led to the secretion of a unique population of lysosomes, different from the pool mobilized by actin depolymerizing drugs such as Latrunculin-A. These data support the existence of at least two different pools of lysosomes with different exocytosis dynamics, one of which is directly mobilized for plasma membrane fusion after cholesterol removal.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara Hissa
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Bruno Pontes
- LPO-COPEA, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Paula Magda S. Roma
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ana Paula Alves
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Carolina D. Rocha
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Thalita M. Valverde
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Pedro Henrique N. Aguiar
- Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Fernando P. Almeida
- Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Allan J. Guimarães
- Departamento de Microbiologia e Parasitologia, Instituto Biomédico, Universidade Federal Fluminense, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Cristina Guatimosim
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Aristóbolo M. Silva
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Maria C. Fernandes
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Norma W. Andrews
- Department of Cell Biology and Molecular Genetics, University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Nathan B. Viana
- LPO-COPEA, Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
- Instituto de Física, Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brazil
| | - Oscar N. Mesquita
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Ubirajara Agero
- Departamento de Física, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
| | - Luciana O. Andrade
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, MG, Brazil
- * E-mail:
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Fernandes MC, Takai S, Leite DS, Pinto JPAN, Brandão PE, Santarém VA, Listoni FJP, Da Silva AV, Ribeiro MG. Identification of pathogens and virulence profile of Rhodococcus equi and Escherichia coli strains obtained from sand of parks. Braz J Microbiol 2013; 44:485-91. [PMID: 24294244 PMCID: PMC3833150 DOI: 10.1590/s1517-83822013005000044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2011] [Accepted: 09/10/2012] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of pathogens of viral (Rotavirus, Coronavirus), parasitic (Toxocara spp.) and bacterial (Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., Rhodococcus equi) origin shed in feces, and the virulence profile of R. equi and E. coli isolates were investigated in 200 samples of sand obtained from 40 parks, located in central region of state of Sao Paulo, Brazil, using different diagnostic methods. From 200 samples analyzed, 23 (11.5%) strains of R. equi were isolated. None of the R. equi isolates showed a virulent (vapA gene) or intermediately virulent (vapB gene) profiles. Sixty-three (31.5%) strains of E. coli were identified. The following genes encoding virulence factors were identified in E. coli: eae, bfp, saa, iucD, papGI, sfa and hly. Phylogenetic classification showed that 63 E. coli isolates belonged to groups B1 (52.4%), A (25.4%) and B2 (22.2%). No E. coli serotype O157:H7 was identified. Eggs of Toxocara sp. were found in three parks and genetic material of bovine Coronavirus was identified in one sample of one park. No Salmonella spp. and Rotavirus isolates were identified in the samples of sand. The presence of R. equi, Toxocara sp, bovine Coronavirus and virulent E. coli isolates in the environment of parks indicates that the sanitary conditions of the sand should be improved in order to reduce the risks of fecal transmission of pathogens of zoonotic potential to humans in these places.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Fernandes
- Departamento de Higiene Veterinária e Saúde Pública, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária e Zootecnia, Universidade Estadual "Júlio de Mesquita Filho", Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Abstract
The presence and distribution of serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, or 5-HT) in the head region of the land planarian Bipalium kewense has been investigated by an indirect immunofluorescence technique combined with confocal scanning laser microscopy (CSLM), and also by immunogold labeling at ultrastructural level. Serotonin immunoreactivity (IR) was restricted to elements of the nervous system, such as the cerebral ganglion, and the peripheral nerve net. Most of 5-HT-immunoreactive neurons are at the periphery of the brain; they were identified as unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar neurons. The ultrastructural results using immunogold labeling confirm the location of 5-HT within electron-dense vesicles (50-120 nm in diameter), clustered both in the cell bodies and in their processes. The intense 5-HT-IR herein demonstrated for B. kewense adds new data to the poorly studied nervous system of land planarians.
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Affiliation(s)
- M C Fernandes
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, University of São Paulo, 05508-900 São Paulo, Brazil
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Fernandes MC, Cox L, Hermosin MC, Cornejo J. Adsorption-desorption of metalaxyl as affecting dissipation and leaching in soils: role of mineral and organic components. Pest Manag Sci 2003; 59:545-552. [PMID: 12741522 DOI: 10.1002/ps.664] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Adsorption-desorption studies of metalaxyl in fifteen agricultural soil samples from Southern Portugal and Spain were performed following a batch equilibration method. Very high sorption was observed on a clay soil of high content in altered illite, but, when this soil was excluded from regression analysis, organic matter (OM) was the most important single soil property affecting sorption at low concentrations of metalaxyl. At higher concentrations, no correlation was observed with any soil property. The relevance of OM on sorption was also corroborated by the increase in sorption coefficients when soil OM was increased artificially by the addition of an organic amendment. Sorption studies with the colloidal fraction of selected soils also revealed the importance of mineral surfaces in metalaxyl sorption. Sorption of metalaxyl in most of the soil samples was hysteretic. Selected soil samples were incubated in the dark, sampled periodically and extracted for their fungicide content. Metalaxyl half-lives increased with sorption and OM content of the soil, and were specially high in the amended soil. Leaching studies in hand-packed columns under saturated/unsaturated flow conditions showed an inverse relation between leaching and sorption. Recoveries from the soil columns were close to 80% of the metalaxyl applied, except for the soil which OM was artificially increased, in which recovery was lower and this has been attributed to the much higher irreversibility of metalaxyl sorption in the amended soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria C Fernandes
- Instituto de Recursos Naturales y Agrobiologia de Sevilla, CSIC, PO Box 1052, 41080 Sevilla, Spain
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Alecrim MG, Carvalho LM, Fernandes MC, de Andrade SD, Loureiro AC, Arcanjo AR, Alecrim WD. [Malaria treatment with artesunate (retocaps) in children of the Brazilian Amazon]. Rev Soc Bras Med Trop 2000; 33:163-8. [PMID: 10881128 DOI: 10.1590/s0037-86822000000200001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
We evaluated the clinical and therapeutic response to artesunate retocaps in 32 children admitted to the Fundação de Medicina Tropical do Amazonas (Amazon Foundation of Tropical Medicine) with clinical characteristics of moderate and severe malaria. Of these, 29 were infected with P. falciparum and 3 with P. vivax. They improved clinically 24 hours after the beginning of therapy, with 33. 3% of patients without fever, and after 48 hours, 77.2% of the children had no fever. The monitoring of asexual forms of the parasites showed that on D2 (day 2 of treatment) 58.6% of children with P. falciparum infection had no more parasites in the blood stream, on D4 all children had negative slides both for P. falciparum and for P. vivax infection. In a long-term follow up, we found 66.6% recrudescence in P. falciparum patients. The results enabled the conclusion that artesunate retocaps are efficient in practice and their use rapidly reduces the parasitemia and improves the patients' clinical picture. However, in P. falciparum malaria the recrudescence rate was very high. We observed no side effects from this drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- M G Alecrim
- Fundação de Medicina Tropical, Manaus, AM, 69040-000, Brasil
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Sueldo G, Fernandes MC. Fronto-nasal dysostosis, callosal agenesis, crossed-fused ectopia, tibial hemimelia, and preaxial polydactyly of feet: severe expression of the acrocallosal syndrome? Am J Med Genet 1993; 46:355-7. [PMID: 8357003 DOI: 10.1002/ajmg.1320460402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
We report on a girl with frontonasal "dysostosis," callosal agenesis, crossed-fused ectopia, tibial hemimelia, and preaxial polydactyly of feet. This pattern of the developmental defects suggests a severe form of the acrocallosal syndrome. Implications for genetic counselling are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Sueldo
- Servicio de Pediatria y Neonatologia, Hospital N.S. de la Misericordia, Cordoba, Argentina
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de Arruda E, Hayden FG, McAuliffe JF, de Sousa MA, Mota SB, McAuliffe MI, Geist FC, Carvalho EP, Fernandes MC, Guerrant RL. Acute respiratory viral infections in ambulatory children of urban northeast Brazil. J Infect Dis 1991; 164:252-8. [PMID: 1649871 DOI: 10.1093/infdis/164.2.252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The morbidity of acute respiratory infections in young children and the role of respiratory viruses were evaluated in a 29-month household-based study in an impoverished urban population in Fortaleza, Brazil; subjects were 175 children less than 5 years of age in 63 families. Home visits were conducted three times weekly during which staff recorded the presence of respiratory and systemic symptoms and collected upper respiratory tract samples for viral isolation. A large and sustained burden of respiratory illness was observed, and respiratory viruses were isolated in 35% of the samples collected. Of the isolates, 45.6% were rhinoviruses, 16% parainfluenza viruses, 15.8% enteroviruses, 9.9% adenoviruses, 7.0% herpes simplex viruses, and 5.7% influenza viruses. The results indicate that poor children in northeast Brazil have a high prevalence of respiratory illness and that rhinovirus is the most frequent respiratory virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- E de Arruda
- Department of Medicine, Federal University of Ceará, Brazil
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de Carvalho Filho ET, Dias VL, Fernandes MC, Barbato A, Netto MP. [Cardiac manifestations of hyperthyroidism in the elderly]. Arq Bras Cardiol 1991; 56:31-7. [PMID: 1872706] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the cardiocirculatory abnormalities of hyperthyroidism in the elderly. PATIENTS AND METHODS Twenty-four hyperthyroid patients, 18 women and six men, aged 60 to 87 (average 73.5) years were studied. Seventeen (70.9%) patients had associated cardiocirculatory diseases. The evaluation was made on clinical grounds complemented by electrocardiographic, radiologic, phonomechanocardiographic and echocardiographic examinations. RESULTS Cardiocirculatory symptoms were observed in 17 (70.9%) patients and congestive heart failure in nine (37.5%) of them. The electrocardiogram was abnormal in 20 (83.3%) patients and the tachyarrhythmias were the commonest abnormality (62.5%). Eight (33.3%) patients had chronic atrial fibrillation and five (20.8%) had sinus tachycardia. There was no significant statistical difference on the electrocardiograms of patients with and without cardiocirculatory abnormalities. Cardiomegaly was significantly more prevalent in hyperthyroid patients, with (64.7%) or without (57.1%) cardiocirculatory abnormalities, than in normal elderly (23.9%). Left ventricular performance was studied in 14 patients through the systolic quotient and was found normal or high in 12 (85.7%). The percentage of fractional shortening (delta D%) was higher than 30 in all patients. None of the patients was found to have symmetric or asymmetric hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and mitral valve prolapse on echocardiogram. CONCLUSION Hyperthyroidism in the elderly patient determines frequently cardiocirculatory abnormalities that may be misdiagnosed with those caused by the ageing process or by associated cardiopathies. This diagnosis should be suspected in all elderly patients having tachyarrhythmias and/or cardiac failure resistant to usual therapy, mainly in patients without clear cardiocirculatory pathology.
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