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Gual-Grau A, Guirro M, Boqué N, Arola L. Physiological, metabolic and microbial responses to obesogenic cafeteria diet in rats: The impact of strain and sex. J Nutr Biochem 2023; 117:109338. [PMID: 36997035 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2023.109338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Cafeteria (CAF) diet is known to accurately mimic the human Western diet in modern societies, thereby inducing severe obesity accompanied by drastic alterations on the gut microbiome in animal models. Notably, the dietary impact in the gut microbiota composition might be influenced by genetic factors, thus distinctively predisposing the host to pathological states such as obesity. Therefore, we hypothesized that the influence of strain and sex on CAF-induced microbial dysbiosis leads to distinct obese-like metabolic and phenotypic profiles. To address our hypothesis, two distinct cohorts of male Wistar and Fischer 344 rats, as well as male and female Fischer 344 animals, were chronically fed with a standard (STD) or a CAF diet for 10 weeks. The serum fasting levels of glucose, triglycerides and total cholesterol, as well as the gut microbiota composition, were determined. CAF diet triggered hypertriglyceridemia and hypercholesterolemia in Fischer rats, while Wistar animals developed a marked obese phenotype and severe gut microbiome dysbiosis. Furthermore, CAF diet-induced changes on gut microbiota were related to more profound alterations in body composition of female than male rats. We revealed that distinct rat strains and genders chronically consuming a free-choice CAF diet develop distinct and robust microbiota perturbations. Overall, we showed that genetic background might have a key role in diet-induced obesity, thus distinguishing the suitability of different animal models for future nutritional studies focused on gut microbiota dysbiosis induced by a CAF dietary model.
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Tarancon-Diez L, Peraire J, Jiménez de Ory S, Guirro M, Escosa L, Prieto Tato LM, Penín Antón M, Piqueras AI, Vázquez Pérez Á, Gavilán C, Bustillo-Alonso M, Luisa Navarro M, Viladés C, Vidal F, Rull A, Muñoz-Fernández MÁ. Transient viral rebound in children with perinatally acquired HIV-1 induces a unique soluble immunometabolic signature associated with decreased CD4/CD8 ratio. J Pediatric Infect Dis Soc 2023; 12:143-151. [PMID: 36727571 PMCID: PMC10112677 DOI: 10.1093/jpids/piad008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To determine by multi-omic analysis changes in metabolites, lipids and proteins as consequence of transient viral rebound (tVR) in children with perinatally acquired HIV-1 (PHIV). METHODS Plasma samples from children with PHIV and with tVR (first episode of transient RNA-HIV viral load >20 copies/ml followed by suppression) on the time-point immediately before (pre-tVR) and after (post-tVR) the tVR were assessed. Multi-omic analyses were performed using nLC-Orbitrap, GC-qTOF-MS and LC-qTOF-MS. RESULTS Comparing pre- and post-tVR time-points, HIV-1-children with tVR (n=5) showed a trend to a decrease in ratio CD4/CD8 (p=0.08) but no significant differences were observed in plasma metabolites, lipids or proteins. Post-tVR condition was compared with a reference group of children with PHIV with persistent viral control (n=9), paired by sex, age and time under antiretroviral treatment. A total of 10 proteins, 8 metabolites and 2 lipids showed significant differences (p<0.05): serotransferrin, clusterin, kininogen-1, succinic acid, threonine, 2-hydroxyisovaleric acid, methionine, 2-hydroxyglutaric, triacylglyceride 50:0 (TG50:0) and diacylglyceride 34:1 (DG34:1) were up-regulated while alpha-2-macroglobulin, apolipoprotein A-II, carboxylic ester hydrolase, apolipoprotein D, coagulation factor IX, peptidase inhibitor 16, SAA2-SAA4 readthrough, oleic acid, palmitoleic acid and D-sucrose downregulated on post-tVR time-point compared to reference group. Ratio CD4/CD8 correlated with apolipoprotein A-II, DG34:1 and methionine (p=0.004;ρ=0.71, p=0.016;ρ=-0.63 and p=0.032;ρ=-0.57, respectively). Nadir CD4+ correlated inversely with kininogen-1 (p=0.022;ρ=-0.60) and positively with D-sucrose (p=0.001;ρ=0.77). CONCLUSIONS tVR followed by suppression implies changes in soluble proteins, lipids and metabolites that correlate with immunological parameters, mainly ratio CD4/CD8, that decreased after tVR. These distinct soluble biomarkers could be considered potential biomarkers of immune progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Tarancon-Diez
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain
| | - Joaquin Peraire
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.,Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Santiago Jiménez de Ory
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Infecciones en la Población Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Maria Guirro
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya (Joint Unit Eurecat-Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Luis Escosa
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Pediatría, Enfermedades Infecciosas y Tropicales, Hospital Universitario La Paz y La Paz Research Institute (IdiPAZ), Hospital Universitario La Paz, Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Manuel Prieto Tato
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital Universitario 12 de Octubre e Instituto de Investigación I+12, 28041, Madrid, Spain
| | - María Penín Antón
- Servicio de pediatría, Hospital Universitario Príncipe de Asturias, Alcalá de Henares, Spain
| | - Ana Isabel Piqueras
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases Unit, Hospital Universitario y Politécnico La Fe, Hospital La Fe, Valencia, Spain
| | - Álvaro Vázquez Pérez
- Department of Pediatrics, Virgen de las Nieves Children's Hospital, Granada, Spain
| | - César Gavilán
- Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital San Juan de Alicante, Sant Joan d'Alacant, Spain
| | - Matilde Bustillo-Alonso
- Servicio de Pediatría. Enfermedades Infecciosas, Hospital Universitario Miguel Servet, Zaragoza, Spain
| | - María Luisa Navarro
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain.,Grupo de Infecciones en la Población Pediátrica, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain.,Servicio de Pediatría, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Madrid, Spain
| | - Consuelo Viladés
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.,Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Francesc Vidal
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.,Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Anna Rull
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain.,Institut Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili (IISPV), Tarragona, Spain.,Hospital Universitari de Tarragona Joan XXIII, Tarragona, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Infecciosas (CIBERINFEC), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Mª Ángeles Muñoz-Fernández
- Molecular Immunology Laboratory, Hospital General Universitario Gregorio Marañón, Health Research Institute Gregorio Marañón (IiSGM), Madrid, Spain.,Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Bioingeniería, Biomateriales y Nanomedicina (CIBER-BBN), Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
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3
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Foguet-Romero E, Samarra I, Guirro M, Riu M, Joven J, Menendez JA, Canela N, DelPino-Rius A, Fernández-Arroyo S, Herrero P. Optimization of a GC-MS Injection-Port Derivatization Methodology to Enhance Metabolomics Analysis Throughput in Biological Samples. J Proteome Res 2022; 21:2555-2565. [PMID: 36180971 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.2c00119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Advances in metabolomics analysis and data treatment increase the knowledge of complex biological systems. One of the most used methodologies is gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) due to its robustness, high separation efficiency, and reliable peak identification through curated databases. However, methodologies are not standardized, and the derivatization steps in GC-MS can introduce experimental errors and take considerable time, exposing the samples to degradation. Here, we propose the injection-port derivatization (IPD) methodology to increase the throughput in plasma metabolomics analysis by GC-MS. The IPD method was evaluated and optimized for different families of metabolites (organic acids, amino acids, fatty acids, sugars, sugar phosphates, etc.) in terms of residence time, injection-port temperature, and sample/derivatization reagent ratio. Finally, the method's usefulness was validated in a study consisting of a cohort of obese patients with or without nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. Our results show a fast, reproducible, precise, and reliable method for the analysis of biological samples by GC-MS. Raw data are publicly available at MetaboLights with Study Identifier MTBLS5151.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabet Foguet-Romero
- Centre for Omic Sciences (Joint Unit Eurecat─Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Avda. De la Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Iris Samarra
- Centre for Omic Sciences (Joint Unit Eurecat─Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Avda. De la Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Guirro
- Centre for Omic Sciences (Joint Unit Eurecat─Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Avda. De la Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Marc Riu
- Centre for Omic Sciences (Joint Unit Eurecat─Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Avda. De la Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jorge Joven
- Departament de Medicina i Cirurgia, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, 43201 Reus, Spain.,Institut d'investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, 43204 Reus, Spain
| | - Javier A Menendez
- Girona Biomedical Research Institute (IdIBGi), Salt, 17190 Girona, Spain.,Metabolism & Cancer Group, ProCURE, Catalan Institute of Oncology, 17007 Girona, Spain
| | - Núria Canela
- Centre for Omic Sciences (Joint Unit Eurecat─Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Avda. De la Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Antoni DelPino-Rius
- Centre for Omic Sciences (Joint Unit Eurecat─Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Avda. De la Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Salvador Fernández-Arroyo
- Centre for Omic Sciences (Joint Unit Eurecat─Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Avda. De la Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Pol Herrero
- Centre for Omic Sciences (Joint Unit Eurecat─Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Avda. De la Universitat, 1, 43204 Reus, Tarragona, Spain
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4
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Stentz R, Jones E, Juodeikis R, Wegmann U, Guirro M, Goldson AJ, Brion A, Booth C, Sudhakar P, Brown IR, Korcsmáros T, Carding SR. The Proteome of Extracellular Vesicles Produced by the Human Gut Bacteria Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron In Vivo Is Influenced by Environmental and Host-Derived Factors. Appl Environ Microbiol 2022; 88:e0053322. [PMID: 35916501 PMCID: PMC9397113 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00533-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) released from both Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria provide an effective means of communication and trafficking of cell signaling molecules. In the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) BEVs produced by members of the intestinal microbiota can impact host health by mediating microbe-host cell interactions. A major unresolved question, however, is what factors influence the composition of BEV proteins and whether the host influences protein packaging into BEVs and secretion into the GIT. To address this, we have analyzed the proteome of BEVs produced by the major human gut symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron both in vitro and in vivo in the murine GIT in order to identify proteins specifically enriched in BEVs produced in vivo. We identified 113 proteins enriched in BEVs produced in vivo, the majority (62/113) of which accumulated in BEVs in the absence of any changes in their expression by the parental cells. Among these selectively enriched proteins, we identified dipeptidyl peptidases and an asparaginase and confirmed their increased activity in BEVs produced in vivo. We also showed that intact BEVs are capable of degrading bile acids via a bile salt hydrolase. Collectively these findings provide additional evidence for the dynamic interplay of host-microbe interactions in the GIT and the existence of an active mechanism to drive and enrich a selected group of proteins for secretion into BEVs in the GIT. IMPORTANCE The gastrointestinal tract (GIT) harbors a complex community of microbes termed the microbiota that plays a role in maintaining the host's health and wellbeing. How this comes about and the nature of microbe-host cell interactions in the GIT is still unclear. Recently, nanosized vesicles naturally produced by bacterial constituents of the microbiota have been shown to influence responses of different host cells although the molecular basis and identity of vesicle-born bacterial proteins that mediate these interactions is unclear. We show here that bacterial extracellular vesicles (BEVs) produced by the human symbiont Bacteroides thetaiotaomicron in the GIT are enriched in a set of proteins and enzymes, including dipeptidyl peptidases, an asparaginase and a bile salt hydrolase that can influence host cell biosynthetic pathways. Our results provide new insights into the molecular basis of microbiota-host interactions that are central to maintaining GIT homeostasis and health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Régis Stentz
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Emily Jones
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Rokas Juodeikis
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Udo Wegmann
- School of Chemistry, University East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Maria Guirro
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), Reus, Spain
| | - Andrew J. Goldson
- Core Science Resources Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Arlaine Brion
- Core Science Resources Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Catherine Booth
- Core Science Resources Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Padhmanand Sudhakar
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Department of Chronic Diseases, Metabolism and Ageing, TARGID, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ian R. Brown
- School of Biosciences, University of Kent, Canterbury, United Kingdom
| | - Tamás Korcsmáros
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Earlham Institute, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Simon R. Carding
- Gut Microbes and Health Research Programme, Quadram Institute Bioscience, Norwich, United Kingdom
- Norwich Medical School, University East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
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5
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Gual-Grau A, Guirro M, Crescenti A, Boqué N, Arola L. In vitro fermentability of a broad range of natural ingredients by fecal microbiota from lean and obese individuals: potential health benefits. Int J Food Sci Nutr 2021; 73:195-209. [PMID: 34294012 DOI: 10.1080/09637486.2021.1954144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The prevalence of obesity and related complications is continuously increasing while the gut microbiota might have a significant role to address this challenge. In this context, the food industry generates large amounts of residues that could be likely revalorised as functional ingredients. Hence, we evaluated the fermentability of food skins, husks, shells, trimming residues, mosses and mushrooms, which were subjected to in vitro fermentation with faecal microbiota from lean and obese adults. We demonstrated for the first time that pumpkin skin is highly fermented by human faecal microbiota showing pH-lowering effects and promoting gas and SCFA production. Furthermore, brewers' spent grain generated an inulin-like SCFA profile after microbial fermentation, whereas Irish moss, plum skin, quinoa husk and mushrooms, including Armillaria mellea and Boletus edulis, showed high fermentation rates. Remarkably, although propionate production was significantly higher in obese individuals, the fermentability of the ingredients was similar between lean and obese conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreu Gual-Grau
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Maria Guirro
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (Joint Unit Eurecat-Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), Reus, Spain
| | - Anna Crescenti
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Reus, Spain
| | - Noemí Boqué
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Technological Unit of Nutrition and Health, Reus, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Department of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
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Samarra I, Masdevall C, Foguet-Romero E, Guirro M, Riu M, Herrero P, Canela N, Delpino-Rius A. Analysis of oxylipins to differentiate between organic and conventional UHT milks. Food Chem 2020; 343:128477. [PMID: 33160765 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.128477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2020] [Revised: 10/21/2020] [Accepted: 10/21/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Nowadays, there is a strong interest in analytical approaches for assessing organic farming practices. Here, we propose that oxylipins, a group of oxidised metabolites derived from various polyunsaturated fatty acids, could be promising biomarkers for organic milk assessment because their biosynthesis is modulated by both precursor fatty acid availability and physiological or pathological status. Thus, we determined 31 fatty acids, 53 triacylglycerols and 37 oxylipins in one hundred commercial UHT milks by chromatographic methods coupled to mass spectrometry. Of these, 52 milks were conventional (34 whole milk, 11 semi-skimmed milk and 7 skimmed milk) and 48 were organic (31 whole milk, 11 semi-skimmed milk and 6 skimmed milk). Several oxylipins (8-HEPE, 5-HEPE, 11-HEPE, 9-HEPE, 18-HEPE, 9-HOTrE, 13-HOTrE, 12,13-DiHODE and 15,16-DiHODE) could distinguish between organic and conventional milks. Within these oxylipins, arachidonic and linoleic acid derived do not correlate with their fatty acid precursors; therefore these oxylipins could be promising as not only diet-dependent biomarkers for organic milk assessment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iris Samarra
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (Joint Unit Eurecat - Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), Reus, Spain
| | - Clara Masdevall
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (Joint Unit Eurecat - Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), Reus, Spain
| | - Elisabet Foguet-Romero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (Joint Unit Eurecat - Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), Reus, Spain
| | - Maria Guirro
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (Joint Unit Eurecat - Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), Reus, Spain
| | - Marc Riu
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (Joint Unit Eurecat - Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), Reus, Spain
| | - Pol Herrero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (Joint Unit Eurecat - Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), Reus, Spain
| | - Núria Canela
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (Joint Unit Eurecat - Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), Reus, Spain.
| | - Antoni Delpino-Rius
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (Joint Unit Eurecat - Universitat Rovira i Virgili), Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructure (ICTS), Reus, Spain
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7
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Pla-Pagà L, Guirro M, Gual-Grau A, Gibert-Ramos A, Foguet-Romero E, Catalán Ú, Mayneris-Perxachs J, Canela N, Valls RM, Arola L, Solà R, Pedret A. Proteomic Analysis of Heart and Kidney Tissues in Healthy and Metabolic Syndrome Rats after Hesperidin Supplementation. Mol Nutr Food Res 2020; 64:e1901063. [PMID: 32281714 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.201901063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2019] [Revised: 01/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
SCOPE Proteomics has provided new strategies to elucidate the mechanistic action of hesperidin, a flavonoid present in citrus fruits. Thus, the aim of the present study is to determine the effects of hesperidin supplementation (HS) on the proteomic profiles of heart and kidney tissue samples from healthy and metabolic syndrome (MS) rats. METHODS AND RESULTS 24 Sprague Dawley rats are randomized into four groups: healthy rats fed with a standard diet without HS, healthy rats administered with HS (100 mg kg-1 day-1 ), MS rats without HS, and MS rats administered with HS (100 mg kg-1 day-1 ) for eight weeks. Heart and kidney samples are obtained, and proteomic analysis is performed by mass spectrometry. Multivariate, univariate, and ingenuity pathways analyses are performed. Comparative and semiquantitative proteomic analyses of heart and kidney tissues reveal differential protein expression between MS rats with and without HS. The top diseases and functions implicated are related to the cardiovascular system, free radical scavenging, lipid metabolism, glucose metabolism, and renal and urological diseases. CONCLUSION This study is the first to demonstrate the protective capacity of hesperidin to change to the proteomic profiles in relation to different cardiovascular risk biomarkers in the heart and kidney tissues of MS rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Pla-Pagà
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av/ Universitat 1, Reus, 43204, Spain.,Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), C/ Sant Llorenç 21, Reus, 43201, Spain
| | - Maria Guirro
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona, 43007, Spain.,Centre for Omic Sciences, Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures, Av/ Universitat 1, Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Andreu Gual-Grau
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Albert Gibert-Ramos
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Elisabet Foguet-Romero
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures, Av/ Universitat 1, Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Úrsula Catalán
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), C/ Sant Llorenç 21, Reus, 43201, Spain.,Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Av/ Universitat 1, Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures, Av/ Universitat 1, Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Nuria Canela
- Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Av/ Universitat 1, Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Rosa M Valls
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av/ Universitat 1, Reus, 43204, Spain.,Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), C/ Sant Llorenç 21, Reus, 43201, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av/ Universitat 1, Reus, 43204, Spain.,Nutrigenomics Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C/ Marcel·lí Domingo 1, Tarragona, 43007, Spain
| | - Rosa Solà
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av/ Universitat 1, Reus, 43204, Spain.,Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), C/ Sant Llorenç 21, Reus, 43201, Spain.,Hospital Universitari Sant Joan, Av/ Doctor Josep Laporte 2, Reus, 43204, Spain
| | - Anna Pedret
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Unitat de Nutrició i Salut, Av/ Universitat 1, Reus, 43204, Spain.,Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Facultat de Medicina i Ciències de la Salut, Functional Nutrition, Oxidation and Cardiovascular Disease Group (NFOC-SALUT), C/ Sant Llorenç 21, Reus, 43201, Spain
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8
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Gual-Grau A, Guirro M, Mayneris-Perxachs J, Arola L, Boqué N. Impact of different hypercaloric diets on obesity features in rats: a metagenomics and metabolomics integrative approach. J Nutr Biochem 2019; 71:122-131. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2019.06.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2018] [Revised: 05/14/2019] [Accepted: 06/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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9
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Guirro M, Herrero P, Costa A, Gual-Grau A, Ceretó-Massagué A, Hernández A, Torrell H, Arola L, Canela N. Comparison of metaproteomics workflows for deciphering the functions of gut microbiota in an animal model of obesity. J Proteomics 2019; 209:103489. [PMID: 31445216 DOI: 10.1016/j.jprot.2019.103489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2019] [Revised: 08/07/2019] [Accepted: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Metaproteomics has emerged as a new, revolutionary approach to study gut microbiota functionality, but the lack of consistent studies in this field due to the great complexity of samples has prompted to search new strategies to achieve better metaproteome characterization. Some steps in sample preparation and data analysis procedures are critical for obtaining accurate results, therefore protein extraction buffers, digestion procedures and fractionation steps were tested here. Initially, two lysis buffers were used to improve protein extraction, two common digestion protocols were compared, and fractionation processes were employed at both the peptide and protein levels. The combination of these procedures resulted in five different methodologies; SDS buffer, in-gel digestion and fractionation at the peptide level provided the best results. Finally, the metaproteomics workflow was tested in a real case study with obese rats, in which a metagenomics study was previously performed. Important differences in protein levels were observed between groups that were potentially related to the taxonomical family, indicating that functional processes are modulated by the microbiota. Therefore, in addition to the necessity of combining different metaomics approaches, an optimized metaproteomics workflow such as the presented in this study is required to obtain a better understanding of the microbiota function. SIGNIFICANCE: Gut microbiota has emerged as an important factor with affects the health balance in host. To study its function new methodologies are necessary and the most appropriate one seems to be metaproteomics. The lack of studies in this field requires a deeply research in the most accurate workflow to better comprehend such complex samples. In this paper, five different methodologies have been compared, mainly in the most critical steps in classical proteomics and the methodology chosen was validated in a real case study in obese animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Guirro
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain; Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), Reus, Spain
| | - Pol Herrero
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), Reus, Spain
| | - Andrea Costa
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), Reus, Spain
| | - Andreu Gual-Grau
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Adrià Ceretó-Massagué
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), Reus, Spain; Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Adrià Hernández
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), Reus, Spain
| | - Helena Torrell
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), Reus, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, Tarragona, Spain; Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Biotechnological Area, Reus, Spain
| | - Núria Canela
- Eurecat, Centre Tecnològic de Catalunya, Centre for Omic Sciences (COS), Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures (ICTS), Reus, Spain.
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10
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Guirro M, Costa A, Gual-Grau A, Mayneris-Perxachs J, Torrell H, Herrero P, Canela N, Arola L. Front Cover: Multi-omics approach to elucidate the gut microbiota activity: Metaproteomics and metagenomics connection. Electrophoresis 2018. [DOI: 10.1002/elps.201870101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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11
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Guirro M, Costa A, Gual-Grau A, Mayneris-Perxachs J, Torrell H, Herrero P, Canela N, Arola L. Multi-omics approach to elucidate the gut microbiota activity: Metaproteomics and metagenomics connection. Electrophoresis 2018; 39:1692-1701. [PMID: 29427518 DOI: 10.1002/elps.201700476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2017] [Revised: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 01/26/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Over the last few years, the application of high-throughput meta-omics methods has provided great progress in improving the knowledge of the gut ecosystem and linking its biodiversity to host health conditions, offering complementary support to classical microbiology. Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in relevant diseases such as obesity or cardiovascular disease (CVD), and its regulation is closely influenced by several factors, such as dietary composition. In fact, polyphenol-rich diets are the most palatable treatment to prevent hypertension associated with CVD, although the polyphenol-microbiota interactions have not been completely elucidated. For this reason, the aim of this study was to evaluate microbiota effect in obese rats supplemented by hesperidin, after being fed with cafeteria or standard diet, using a multi meta-omics approaches combining strategy of metagenomics and metaproteomics analysis. We reported that cafeteria diet induces obesity, resulting in changes in the microbiota composition, which are related to functional alterations at proteome level. In addition, hesperidin supplementation alters microbiota diversity and also proteins involved in important metabolic pathways. Overall, going deeper into strategies to integrate omics sciences is necessary to understand the complex relationships between the host, gut microbiota, and diet.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Guirro
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Andrea Costa
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT Technology Centre of Catalonia, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures, Reus, Spain
| | - Andreu Gual-Grau
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Jordi Mayneris-Perxachs
- Nutrition and Health Technological Unit, EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Reus, Spain
| | - Helena Torrell
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT Technology Centre of Catalonia, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures, Reus, Spain
| | - Pol Herrero
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT Technology Centre of Catalonia, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures, Reus, Spain
| | - Núria Canela
- Centre for Omic Sciences, Joint Unit Universitat Rovira i Virgili-EURECAT Technology Centre of Catalonia, Unique Scientific and Technical Infrastructures, Reus, Spain
| | - Lluís Arola
- Nutrigenomics Research Group, Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Rovira i Virgili University, Tarragona, Spain.,Nutrition and Health Technological Unit, EURECAT-Technology Centre of Catalonia, Reus, Spain
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12
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Hernández-Aguilera A, Cabré N, Luciano-Mateo F, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Guirro M, Fernández-Arroyo S, Mariné-Casadó R, Camps J, Joven J. Expression of functional and silent receptors of CCL2 in human coronary arteries. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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13
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Rodríguez-Gallego E, Mariné-Casadó R, Guirro M, Hernández-Aguilera A, Luciano-Mateo F, Cabré N, Fernández-Arroyo S, Camps J, Joven J. Inflammation and metabolism: The role of chemokine (C-C MOTIF) LIGAND 2. Atherosclerosis 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2015.04.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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14
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Calvo N, Beltrán-Debón R, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Hernández-Aguilera A, Guirro M, Mariné-Casadó R, Millá L, Alegret JM, Sabench F, del Castillo D, Vinaixa M, Rodríguez M&A, Correig X, García-Álvarez R, Menendez JA, Camps J, Joven J. Liver fat deposition and mitochondrial dysfunction in morbid obesity: An approach combining metabolomics with liver imaging and histology. World J Gastroenterol 2015; 21:7529-7544. [PMID: 26140000 PMCID: PMC4481449 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v21.i24.7529] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM: To explore the usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and spectroscopy (MRS) for assessment of non-alcoholic fat liver disease (NAFLD) as compared with liver histological and metabolomics findings.
METHODS: Patients undergoing bariatric surgery following procedures involved in laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy were recruited as a model of obesity-induced NAFLD in an observational, prospective, single-site, cross-sectional study with a pre-set duration of 1 year. Relevant data were obtained prospectively and surrogates for inflammation, oxidative stress and lipid and glucose metabolism were obtained through standard laboratory measurements. To provide reliable data from MRI and MRS, novel procedures were designed to limit sampling variability and other sources of error using a 1.5T Signa HDx scanner and protocols acquired from the 3D or 2D Fat SAT FIESTA prescription manager. We used our previously described 1H NMR-based metabolomics assays. Data were obtained immediately before surgery and after a 12-mo period including histology of the liver and measurement of metabolites. Values from 1H NMR spectra obtained after surgery were omitted due to technical limitations.
RESULTS: MRI data showed excellent correlation with the concentration of liver triglycerides, other hepatic lipid components and the histological assessment, which excluded the presence of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). MRI was sufficient to follow up NAFLD in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery and data suggest usefulness in other clinical situations. The information provided by MRS replicated that obtained by MRI using the -CH3 peak (0.9 ppm), the -CH2- peak (1.3 ppm, mostly triglyceride) and the
-CH=CH- peak (2.2 ppm). No patient depicted NASH. After surgery all patients significantly decreased their body weight and steatosis was virtually absent even in patients with previous severe disease. Improvement was also observed in the serum concentrations of selected variables. The most relevant findings using metabolomics indicate increased levels of triglyceride and monounsaturated fatty acids in severe steatosis but those results were accompanied by a significant depletion of diglycerides, polyunsaturated fatty acids, glucose-6-phosphate and the ATP/AMP ratio. Combined data indicated the coordinated action on mitochondrial fat oxidation and glucose transport activity and may support the consideration of NAFLD as a likely mitochondrial disease. This concept may help to explain the dissociation between excess lipid storage in adipose tissue and NAFLD and may direct the search for plasma biomarkers and novel therapeutic strategies. A limitation of our study is that data were obtained in a relatively low number of patients.
CONCLUSION: MRI is sufficient to stage NAFLD in obese patients and to assess the improvement after bariatric surgery. Other data were superfluous for this purpose.
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Hernández-Aguilera A, Sepúlveda J, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Guirro M, García-Heredia A, Cabré N, Luciano-Mateo F, Fort-Gallifa I, Martín-Paredero V, Joven J, Camps J. Immunohistochemical analysis of paraoxonases and chemokines in arteries of patients with peripheral artery disease. Int J Mol Sci 2015; 16:11323-38. [PMID: 25993297 PMCID: PMC4463702 DOI: 10.3390/ijms160511323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2015] [Revised: 04/15/2015] [Accepted: 04/22/2015] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative damage to lipids and lipoproteins is implicated in the development of atherosclerotic vascular diseases, including peripheral artery disease (PAD). The paraoxonases (PON) are a group of antioxidant enzymes, termed PON1, PON2, and PON3 that protect lipoproteins and cells from peroxidation and, as such, may be involved in protection against the atherosclerosis process. PON1 inhibits the production of chemokine (C–C motif) ligand 2 (CCL2) in endothelial cells incubated with oxidized lipoproteins. PON1 and CCL2 are ubiquitously distributed in tissues, and this suggests a joint localization and combined systemic effect. The aim of the present study has been to analyze the quantitative immunohistochemical localization of PON1, PON3, CCL2 and CCL2 receptors in a series of patients with severe PAD. Portions of femoral and/or popliteal arteries from 66 patients with PAD were obtained during surgical procedures for infra-inguinal limb revascularization. We used eight normal arteries from donors as controls. PON1 and PON3, CCL2 and the chemokine-binding protein 2, and Duffy antigen/chemokine receptor, were increased in PAD patients. There were no significant changes in C–C chemokine receptor type 2. Our findings suggest that paraoxonases and chemokines play an important role in the development and progression of atherosclerosis in peripheral artery disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Hernández-Aguilera
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Julio Sepúlveda
- Service of Angiology, Vascular Surgery and Endosurgery, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia 43005, Spain.
| | - Esther Rodríguez-Gallego
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Maria Guirro
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Anabel García-Heredia
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Noemí Cabré
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Fedra Luciano-Mateo
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Isabel Fort-Gallifa
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Vicente Martín-Paredero
- Service of Angiology, Vascular Surgery and Endosurgery, Hospital Universitari Joan XXIII, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Catalonia 43005, Spain.
| | - Jorge Joven
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
| | - Jordi Camps
- Biomedical Research Unit, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigacio Sanitaria Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Reus, Catalonia 43201, Spain.
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Joven J, Guirro M, Mariné-Casadó R, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Menéndez JA. Autophagy is an inflammation-related defensive mechanism against disease. Adv Exp Med Biol 2014; 824:43-59. [PMID: 25038993 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-07320-0_6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The inflammatory response is an energy-intensive process. Consequently, metabolism is closely associated with immune function. The autophagy machinery plays a role in metabolism by providing energy but may also be used to attack invading pathogens (xenophagy). The autophagy machinery may function to protect against not only the threats of infection but also the threats of the host's own response acting on the central immunological tolerance and the negative regulation of innate and inflammatory signaling. The balance between too little and too much autophagy is critical for the survival of immune cells because autophagy is linked to type 2-cell death programmed necrosis and apoptosis. Changes in inflammatory cells are driven by extracellular signals; however, the mechanisms by which cytokines mediate autophagy regulation and govern immune cell function remain unknown. Certain cytokines increase autophagy, whereas others inhibit autophagy. The relationship between autophagy and inflammation is also important in the pathogenesis of metabolic, non-communicable diseases. Inflammation per se is not the cause of obesity-associated diseases, but it is secondary to both the positive energy balance and the specific cellular responses. In metabolic tissues, the suppression of autophagy increases inflammation with the overexpression of cytokines, resulting in an activation of autophagy. The physiological role of these apparently contradictory findings remains uncertain but exemplifies future challenges in the therapeutic modulation of autophagy in the management of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge Joven
- Campus of International Excellence Southern Catalonia, Unitat de Recerca Biomèdica, Hospital Universitari de Sant Joan, Institut d'Investigació Sanitària Pere Virgili, Universitat Rovira i Virgili, C. Sant Joan s/n, 43201, Reus, Spain,
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Riera-Borrull M, Hernández-Aguilera A, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Abengochea A, Fernández-Arroyo S, García-Heredia A, Luciano F, Mariné R, Guirro M, Joven J. The action of metformin in hyperlipemic mice is modulated by the metabolic context. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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Fort I, Riera-Borrull M, Rodríguez-Gallego E, Hernández-Aguilera A, Luciano F, Fernández-Arroyo S, Abengochea A, Mariné R, Guirro M, Camps J, Heredia AG. Effects of metformin in paraoxonase-1 deficient mice. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Rodríguez-Gallego E, Fernández-Arroyo S, Riera-Borrull M, Hernández-Aguilera A, Guirro M, Mariné-Casadó R, Luciano-Mateo F, García-Heredia A, Martí-Líndez A, Beltrán-Debón R, Joven J. Metabolomics reveals that alterations in circulating a-ketoglutarate may be relevant in the assessment of morbid obesity-associated nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Atherosclerosis 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2014.05.163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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