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Lloyd-Fox S, Begus K, Halliday D, Pirazzoli L, Blasi A, Papademetriou M, Darboe MK, Prentice AM, Johnson MH, Moore SE, Elwell CE. Cortical specialisation to social stimuli from the first days to the second year of life: A rural Gambian cohort. Dev Cogn Neurosci 2016; 25:92-104. [PMID: 28017265 PMCID: PMC5485636 DOI: 10.1016/j.dcn.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2016] [Revised: 11/17/2016] [Accepted: 11/17/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Brain and nervous system development in human infants during the first 1000 days (conception to two years of age) is critical, and compromised development during this time (such as from under nutrition or poverty) can have life-long effects on physical growth and cognitive function. Cortical mapping of cognitive function during infancy is poorly understood in resource-poor settings due to the lack of transportable and low-cost neuroimaging methods. Having established a signature cortical response to social versus non-social visual and auditory stimuli in infants from 4 to 6 months of age in the UK, here we apply this functional Near Infrared Spectroscopy (fNIRS) paradigm to investigate social responses in infants from the first postnatal days to the second year of life in two contrasting environments: rural Gambian and urban UK. Results reveal robust, localized, socially selective brain responses from 9 to 24 months of life to both the visual and auditory stimuli. In contrast at 0–2 months of age infants exhibit non-social auditory selectivity, an effect that persists until 4–8 months when we observe a transition to greater social stimulus selectivity. These findings reveal a robust developmental curve of cortical specialisation over the first two years of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Lloyd-Fox
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, UK; Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK.
| | - K Begus
- Cognitive Development Center, Central European University, Hungary
| | - D Halliday
- Department of Psychology, University of Victoria, Canada
| | - L Pirazzoli
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, UK
| | - A Blasi
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, UK
| | - M Papademetriou
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK
| | - M K Darboe
- MRC International Nutrition Group, MRC Unit, Gambia
| | - A M Prentice
- MRC Unit, Banjul, Gambia; MRC International Nutrition Group, MRC Unit, Gambia
| | - M H Johnson
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck, University of London, UK
| | - S E Moore
- MRC International Nutrition Group, MRC Unit, Gambia; Division of Women's Health, King's College London, UK
| | - C E Elwell
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, UK
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Caicedo A, Varon C, Hunyadi B, Papademetriou M, Tachtsidis I, Van Huffel S. Decomposition of Near-Infrared Spectroscopy Signals Using Oblique Subspace Projections: Applications in Brain Hemodynamic Monitoring. Front Physiol 2016; 7:515. [PMID: 27877133 PMCID: PMC5099173 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2016.00515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Clinical data is comprised by a large number of synchronously collected biomedical signals that are measured at different locations. Deciphering the interrelationships of these signals can yield important information about their dependence providing some useful clinical diagnostic data. For instance, by computing the coupling between Near-Infrared Spectroscopy signals (NIRS) and systemic variables the status of the hemodynamic regulation mechanisms can be assessed. In this paper we introduce an algorithm for the decomposition of NIRS signals into additive components. The algorithm, SIgnal DEcomposition base on Obliques Subspace Projections (SIDE-ObSP), assumes that the measured NIRS signal is a linear combination of the systemic measurements, following the linear regression model y = Ax + ϵ. SIDE-ObSP decomposes the output such that, each component in the decomposition represents the sole linear influence of one corresponding regressor variable. This decomposition scheme aims at providing a better understanding of the relation between NIRS and systemic variables, and to provide a framework for the clinical interpretation of regression algorithms, thereby, facilitating their introduction into clinical practice. SIDE-ObSP combines oblique subspace projections (ObSP) with the structure of a mean average system in order to define adequate signal subspaces. To guarantee smoothness in the estimated regression parameters, as observed in normal physiological processes, we impose a Tikhonov regularization using a matrix differential operator. We evaluate the performance of SIDE-ObSP by using a synthetic dataset, and present two case studies in the field of cerebral hemodynamics monitoring using NIRS. In addition, we compare the performance of this method with other system identification techniques. In the first case study data from 20 neonates during the first 3 days of life was used, here SIDE-ObSP decoupled the influence of changes in arterial oxygen saturation from the NIRS measurements, facilitating the use of NIRS as a surrogate measure for cerebral blood flow (CBF). The second case study used data from a 3-years old infant under Extra Corporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO), here SIDE-ObSP decomposed cerebral/peripheral tissue oxygenation, as a sum of the partial contributions from different systemic variables, facilitating the comparison between the effects of each systemic variable on the cerebral/peripheral hemodynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Caicedo
- Department of Electrical Engineering ESAT, STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing, and Data Analytics, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium; (iMinds Medical) Department Medical Information TechnologiesLeuven, Belgium
| | - Carolina Varon
- Department of Electrical Engineering ESAT, STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing, and Data Analytics, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium; (iMinds Medical) Department Medical Information TechnologiesLeuven, Belgium
| | - Borbala Hunyadi
- Department of Electrical Engineering ESAT, STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing, and Data Analytics, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium; (iMinds Medical) Department Medical Information TechnologiesLeuven, Belgium
| | - Maria Papademetriou
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London London, England
| | - Ilias Tachtsidis
- Biomedical Optics Research Laboratory, Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London London, England
| | - Sabine Van Huffel
- Department of Electrical Engineering ESAT, STADIUS Center for Dynamical Systems, Signal Processing, and Data Analytics, KU LeuvenLeuven, Belgium; (iMinds Medical) Department Medical Information TechnologiesLeuven, Belgium
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Begus K, Lloyd-Fox S, Halliday D, Papademetriou M, Darboe MK, Prentice AM, Moore SE, Elwell CE. Using fNIRS to Study Working Memory of Infants in Rural Africa. Adv Exp Med Biol 2016; 876:273-279. [PMID: 26782222 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3023-4_34] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
A pilot study was conducted to assess the feasibility of using fNIRS as an alternative to behavioral assessments of cognitive development with infants in rural Africa. We report preliminary results of a study looking at working memory in 12-16-month-olds and discuss the benefits and shortcomings for the potential future use of fNIRS to investigate the effects of nutritional insults and interventions in global health studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Begus
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK.
| | - S Lloyd-Fox
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development, Birkbeck College, University of London, London, UK.,Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - D Halliday
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - M Papademetriou
- Department of Medical Physics and Bioengineering, University College London, London, UK
| | - M K Darboe
- MRC International Nutrition Group, Keneba Field Station, Keneba, The Gambia
| | - A M Prentice
- MRC International Nutrition Group, Keneba Field Station, Keneba, The Gambia.,MRC International Nutrition Group, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK
| | - S E Moore
- MRC International Nutrition Group, Keneba Field Station, Keneba, The Gambia.,MRC Human Nutrition Research, Cambridge, UK
| | - C E Elwell
- Department of Medical Physics and Biomedical Engineering, University College London, London, UK
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Halliday D, Lloyd‐Fox S, Begus K, Maris H, Papademetriou M, Everdell N, Darboe M, Prentice A, Moore S, Elwell C. Brain imaging of nutrition related cognitive development in rural Gambia: studies from birth to 24 months of age (619.1). FASEB J 2014. [DOI: 10.1096/fasebj.28.1_supplement.619.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Drew Halliday
- Dept. Medical Physics and Bioengineering University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sarah Lloyd‐Fox
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development BirkbeckUniversity of London LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Katarina Begus
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development BirkbeckUniversity of London LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Helen Maris
- Centre for Brain and Cognitive Development BirkbeckUniversity of London LondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Maria Papademetriou
- Dept. Medical Physics and Bioengineering University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Nick Everdell
- Dept. Medical Physics and Bioengineering University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
| | | | - Andrew Prentice
- MRC International Nutrition Group London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Sophie Moore
- MRC International Nutrition Group London School of Hygiene and Tropical MedicineLondonUnited Kingdom
| | - Clare Elwell
- Dept. Medical Physics and Bioengineering University College LondonLondonUnited Kingdom
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Buxbaum J, Papademetriou M, Klipfel N, Selby R, Fong TL, Sharma O. Biliary Sarcoidosis: Early Diagnosis Minimizes the Need for Surgery. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2012. [DOI: 10.1164/rccm.201209-1756cr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
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Papademetriou D, Memmos D, Liamos O, Papademetriou M, Hatzifotiadis D. [Clinical-radiographic studies of the oral cavity in patients on maintenance hemodialysis]. Stomatologia (Athenai) 1985; 42:63-72. [PMID: 3870235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
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