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Beckmann IK, Waldl M, Will S, Hofacker IL. 3D feasibility of 2D RNA-RNA interaction paths by stepwise folding simulations. RNA 2024; 30:113-123. [PMID: 38071473 PMCID: PMC10798244 DOI: 10.1261/rna.079756.123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 11/16/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2024]
Abstract
The structure of an RNA, and even more so its interactions with other RNAs, provide valuable information about its function. Secondary structure-based tools for RNA-RNA interaction predictions provide a quick way to identify possible interaction targets and structures. However, these tools ignore the effect of steric hindrance on the tertiary (3D) structure level, and do not consider whether a suitable folding pathway exists to form the interaction. As a consequence, these tools often predict interactions that are unrealistically long and could be formed (in three dimensions) only by going through highly entangled intermediates. Here, we present a computational pipeline to assess whether a proposed secondary (2D) structure interaction is sterically feasible and reachable along a plausible folding pathway. To this end, we simulate the folding of a series of 3D structures along a given 2D folding path. To avoid the complexity of large-scale atomic resolution simulations, our pipeline uses coarse-grained 3D modeling and breaks up the folding path into small steps, each corresponding to the extension of the interaction by 1 or 2 bp. We apply our pipeline to analyze RNA-RNA interaction formation for three selected RNA-RNA complexes. We find that kissing hairpins, in contrast to interactions in the exterior loop, are difficult to extend and tend to get stuck at an interaction length of 6 bp. Our tool, including source code, documentation, and sample data, is available at www.github.com/irenekb/RRI-3D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irene K Beckmann
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
- Vienna BioCenter PhD Program, Doctoral School of the University of Vienna and Medical University of Vienna, A-1030 Vienna, Austria
| | - Maria Waldl
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Sebastian Will
- LIX - Batiment Turing, Ecole Polytechnique, 91120 Palaiseau, France
| | - Ivo L Hofacker
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria
- Faculty of Computer Science, Research Group Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
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Waldl M, Spicher T, Lorenz R, Beckmann IK, Hofacker IL, Löhneysen SV, Stadler PF. Local RNA folding revisited. J Bioinform Comput Biol 2023; 21:2350016. [PMID: 37522173 DOI: 10.1142/s0219720023500166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/01/2023]
Abstract
Most of the functional RNA elements located within large transcripts are local. Local folding therefore serves a practically useful approximation to global structure prediction. Due to the sensitivity of RNA secondary structure prediction to the exact definition of sequence ends, accuracy can be increased by averaging local structure predictions over multiple, overlapping sequence windows. These averages can be computed efficiently by dynamic programming. Here we revisit the local folding problem, present a concise mathematical formalization that generalizes previous approaches and show that correct Boltzmann samples can be obtained by local stochastic backtracing in McCaskill's algorithms but not from local folding recursions. Corresponding new features are implemented in the ViennaRNA package to improve the support of local folding. Applications include the computation of maximum expected accuracy structures from RNAplfold data and a mutual information measure to quantify the sensitivity of individual sequence positions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Waldl
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 17, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Thomas Spicher
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 17, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Ronny Lorenz
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 17, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Irene K Beckmann
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 17, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Ivo L Hofacker
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 17, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Sarah Von Löhneysen
- Institute of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Peter F Stadler
- Institute of Computer Science and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, Leipzig University, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany
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Mrozowich T, Park SM, Waldl M, Henrickson A, Tersteeg S, Nelson CR, De Klerk A, Demeler B, Hofacker IL, Wolfinger MT, Patel TR. Investigating RNA-RNA interactions through computational and biophysical analysis. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:4588-4601. [PMID: 36999609 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Numerous viruses utilize essential long-range RNA-RNA genome interactions, specifically flaviviruses. Using Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) as a model system, we computationally predicted and then biophysically validated and characterized its long-range RNA-RNA genomic interaction. Using multiple RNA computation assessment programs, we determine the primary RNA-RNA interacting site among JEV isolates and numerous related viruses. Following in vitro transcription of RNA, we provide, for the first time, characterization of an RNA-RNA interaction using size-exclusion chromatography coupled with multi-angle light scattering and analytical ultracentrifugation. Next, we demonstrate that the 5' and 3' terminal regions of JEV interact with nM affinity using microscale thermophoresis, and this affinity is significantly reduced when the conserved cyclization sequence is not present. Furthermore, we perform computational kinetic analyses validating the cyclization sequence as the primary driver of this RNA-RNA interaction. Finally, we examined the 3D structure of the interaction using small-angle X-ray scattering, revealing a flexible yet stable interaction. This pathway can be adapted and utilized to study various viral and human long-non-coding RNA-RNA interactions and determine their binding affinities, a critical pharmacological property of designing potential therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Mrozowich
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, ABT1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Sean M Park
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, ABT1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Maria Waldl
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Center of Anatomy & Cell Biology, Division of Cell & Developmental Biology, Medical, University of Vienna, Schwarzspanierstrasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School in Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 42, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Amy Henrickson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, ABT1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Scott Tersteeg
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, ABT1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Corey R Nelson
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, ABT1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Anneke De Klerk
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, ABT1K 3M4, Canada
| | - Borries Demeler
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, ABT1K 3M4, Canada
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of Montana, Missoula, MT59812, USA
| | - Ivo L Hofacker
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 29, 1090, Vienna Austria
| | - Michael T Wolfinger
- Department of Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 17, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biology, Faculty of Computer Science, University of Vienna, Währinger Strasse 29, 1090, Vienna Austria
- RNA Forecast e.U., 1100 Vienna, Austria
| | - Trushar R Patel
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Alberta RNA Research and Training Institute, University of Lethbridge, 4401 University Drive, Lethbridge, ABT1K 3M4, Canada
- Li Ka Shing Institute of Virology, University of Alberta, Edmonton T6G 2E1, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology & Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary T2N 4N1, Canada
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Waldl M, Thiel BC, Ochsenreiter R, Holzenleiter A, de Araujo Oliveira JV, Walter MEMT, Wolfinger MT, Stadler PF. TERribly Difficult: Searching for Telomerase RNAs in Saccharomycetes. Genes (Basel) 2018; 9:genes9080372. [PMID: 30049970 PMCID: PMC6115765 DOI: 10.3390/genes9080372] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2018] [Revised: 07/17/2018] [Accepted: 07/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The telomerase RNA in yeasts is large, usually >1000 nt, and contains functional elements that have been extensively studied experimentally in several disparate species. Nevertheless, they are very difficult to detect by homology-based methods and so far have escaped annotation in the majority of the genomes of Saccharomycotina. This is a consequence of sequences that evolve rapidly at nucleotide level, are subject to large variations in size, and are highly plastic with respect to their secondary structures. Here, we report on a survey that was aimed at closing this gap in RNA annotation. Despite considerable efforts and the combination of a variety of different methods, it was only partially successful. While 27 new telomerase RNAs were identified, we had to restrict our efforts to the subgroup Saccharomycetacea because even this narrow subgroup was diverse enough to require different search models for different phylogenetic subgroups. More distant branches of the Saccharomycotina remain without annotated telomerase RNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Waldl
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 17, A-1090 Wien, Austria.
| | - Bernhard C Thiel
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 17, A-1090 Wien, Austria.
| | - Roman Ochsenreiter
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 17, A-1090 Wien, Austria.
| | - Alexander Holzenleiter
- BioInformatics Group, Fakultät CB Hochschule Mittweida, Technikumplatz 17, D-09648 Mittweida, Germany.
- Bioinformatics Group, Department of Computer Science, and Interdisciplinary Center for Bioinformatics, University of Leipzig, Härtelstraße 16-18, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany.
| | - João Victor de Araujo Oliveira
- Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário⁻Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Maria Emília M T Walter
- Departamento de Ciência da Computação, Instituto de Ciências Exatas, Universidade de Brasília, Campus Universitário⁻Asa Norte, Brasília, DF CEP: 70910-900, Brazil.
| | - Michael T Wolfinger
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 17, A-1090 Wien, Austria.
- Center for Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 13, 1090 Vienna, Austria.
| | - Peter F Stadler
- Institute for Theoretical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Währingerstraße 17, A-1090 Wien, Austria.
- German Centre for Integrative Biodiversity Research (iDiv) Halle-Jena-Leipzig, Competence Center for Scalable Data Services and Solutions, and Leipzig Research Center for Civilization Diseases, Universität Leipzig, D-04107 Leipzig, Germany.
- Max Planck Institute for Mathematics in the Sciences, Inselstraße 22, D-04103 Leipzig, Germany.
- Santa Fe Institute, 1399 Hyde Park Rd., Santa Fe, NM 87501, USA.
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Abstract
Stark control of chemical reactions uses intense laser pulses to distort the potential energy surfaces of a molecule, thus opening new chemical pathways. We use the concept of Stark shifts to convert a local minimum into a local maximum of the potential energy surface, triggering constructive and destructive wave-packet interferences, which then induce different dynamics on nuclear spin isomers in the electronically excited state of a quinodimethane derivative. Model quantum-dynamical simulations on reduced dimensionality using optimized ultrashort laser pulses demonstrate a difference of the excited-state dynamics of two sets of nuclear spin isomers, which ultimately can be used to discriminate between these isomers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Waldl
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Wien , Währinger Str. 17, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Markus Oppel
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Wien , Währinger Str. 17, 1090 Wien, Austria
| | - Leticia González
- Institut für Theoretische Chemie, Universität Wien , Währinger Str. 17, 1090 Wien, Austria
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