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Sánchez-Pozo A, Cavaco AM, Blasi P, Reynoso MO, Quirino-Barreda CT, Johnson PA, Moscoso FT, Rodrigues de Castilho S, Fegadolli C, Zarwar SS, Atkinson J. The COPHELA (Cooperation in Quality Assurance for Pharmacy Education and Training between Europe and Latin America) Project. Pharmacy 2020; 8:pharmacy8010029. [PMID: 32143432 PMCID: PMC7151694 DOI: 10.3390/pharmacy8010029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 02/23/2020] [Accepted: 02/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
COPHELA (Cooperation in Quality Assurance for Pharmacy Education and Training between Europe and Latin America), a collaborative project between the European Union (EU) and Latin America, will produce on-line courses for the master degree in pharmacy. The program runs from 2019 through 2021. It is funded by the Erasmus+ program of the Education, Audio-visual and Culture Executive Agency (EACEA) of the European Commission. The partners are EU and Latin American universities. These are accompanied by associated partners from EU and Latin American universities, as well as from governmental and non-governmental organizations, such as pharmacy chambers and educational associations. The project is coordinated by the University of Granada, Spain (first author of this paper). It will produce distance learning master degree courses in a dozen fields of specialized pharmaceutical science education and practice, ranging from patient care to industrial pharmacy. This paper describes the design of the project and is intended to evoke constructive comments. It also represents a call for the recruitment of additional associated partners.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio Sánchez-Pozo
- Facultad de Farmacia, Campus Cartuja, Universidad de Granada-UGR, 18701 Granada, Spain;
| | - Afonso Miguel Cavaco
- Social Pharmacy Department, Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade de Lisboa – FFUL-Lisboa, 1649-003 Lisbon, Portugal;
| | - Paolo Blasi
- Dipartimento di Farmacia e Biotecnologie, Alma Mater Studiorum – Università di Bologna, 40127 Bologna, Italy;
| | - Mariana Ortiz Reynoso
- Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México – UAEM, Toluca 50000, Mexico;
| | | | | | - Fernando Torres Moscoso
- Escuela de Química y Farmacia, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Andrés Bello – UNAB, Santiago de Chile 8370146, Chile;
| | | | - Claudia Fegadolli
- Faculdade de Farmacia, Universidade Federal de São Paulo – UNIFESP, São Paulo 04021-001, Brazil;
| | - Sergio Slan Zarwar
- Departamento de Gestão do Ambiente Educacional, Racine Qualificação e Assessoria – Rua Padre Chico 93, Pompéia IR, São Paulo CEP 05008-010, Brazil;
| | - Jeffrey Atkinson
- Université de Lorraine-UL, 12 rue de Versigny, 54600 Villers, France
- Correspondence:
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Linares RL, Benítez JGS, Reynoso MO, Romero CG, Sandoval-Cabrera A. Modulation of the leptin receptors expression in breast cancer cell lines exposed to leptin and tamoxifen. Sci Rep 2019; 9:19189. [PMID: 31844100 PMCID: PMC7222035 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-55674-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/01/2019] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the factors that has increased the incidence and worse prognosis of breast cancer is obesity. In this condition, high amounts of leptin are secreted, which have proliferative, mitogenic, antiapoptotic, and proinflammatory activity that may be antagonistic to treatment with tamoxifen, considered the first choice. The modulation evaluation of leptin receptor expression in the presence of leptin and tamoxifen stimuli was performed in breast cancer cell lines MCF 7, MDA MB 231 and HCC 1937 as a model of initial approach for the study of breast cancer subtypes and their behavior to the action response of adipokines and their possible relationship with the mechanism of resistance to chemotherapeutics such as tamoxifen in ER positive cell lines and triple negative marker. It was determined that leptin increases the proliferation of the three breast cancer cell lines and tamoxifen is able to exert an antiproliferative effect on them, however, it was identified that the ability of tamoxifen to decrease the proliferation of cancer cells is diminished in the presence of leptin, in addition to changes in the modulation of the expression of its receptor. It was determined that tamoxifen induces a greater modulation of the expression of ObRb in cell lines, which may be related to the decrease of its antiproliferative activity, while leptin generates a proliferative effect in the three cell lines and could participate in the tamoxifen treatment resistance mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rodolfo López Linares
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMex), Toluca, México
| | | | - Mariana Ortiz Reynoso
- Facultad de Química, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMex), Toluca, México
| | | | - Antonio Sandoval-Cabrera
- Laboratorio de alta especialidad en Hemato-Oncología, Hospital para el niño, IMIEM, Toluca, México
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