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Andraca-Gómez G, Ordano M, Lira-Noriega A, Osorio-Olvera L, Domínguez CA, Fornoni J. Climatic and soil characteristics account for the genetic structure of the invasive cactus moth Cactoblastis cactorum, in its native range in Argentina. PeerJ 2024; 12:e16861. [PMID: 38361769 PMCID: PMC10868523 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.16861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Knowledge of the physical and environmental conditions that may limit the migration of invasive species is crucial to assess the potential for expansion outside their native ranges. The cactus moth, Cactoblastis cactorum, is native to South America (Argentina, Paraguay, Uruguay and Brazil) and has been introduced and invaded the Caribbean and southern United States, among other regions. In North America there is an ongoing process of range expansion threatening cacti biodiversity of the genus Opuntia and the commercial profits of domesticated Opuntia ficus-indica. Methods To further understand what influences the distribution and genetic structure of this otherwise important threat to native and managed ecosystems, in the present study we combined ecological niche modeling and population genetic analyses to identify potential environmental barriers in the native region of Argentina. Samples were collected on the host with the wider distribution range, O. ficus-indica. Results Significant genetic structure was detected using 10 nuclear microsatellites and 24 sampling sites. At least six genetic groups delimited by mountain ranges, salt flats and wetlands were mainly located to the west of the Dry Chaco ecoregion. Niche modeling supports that this region has high environmental suitability where the upper soil temperature and humidity, soil carbon content and precipitation were the main environmental factors that explain the presence of the moth. Environmental filters such as the upper soil layer may be critical for pupal survival and consequently for the establishment of populations in new habitats, whereas the presence of available hosts is a necessary conditions for insect survival, upper soil and climatic characteristics will determine the opportunities for a successful establishment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guadalupe Andraca-Gómez
- Instituto de Biología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Mariano Ordano
- CONICET-UNT, Fundación Miguel Lillo-Instituto de Ecología Regional, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Andrés Lira-Noriega
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., CONAHCYT Research Fellow, Xalapa, Veracrúz, México
| | - Luis Osorio-Olvera
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - César A. Domínguez
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Juan Fornoni
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad Universitaria, Ciudad de México, México
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Palacio FX, Ordano M. Urbanization shapes phenotypic selection of fruit traits in a seed-dispersal mutualism. Evolution 2023; 77:1769-1779. [PMID: 37128948 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2022] [Revised: 04/21/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Urbanization is currently one of the trademarks of the Anthropocene, accelerating evolutionary processes and reshaping ecological interactions over short time scales. Species interactions represent a fundamental pillar of diversity that is being altered globally by anthropogenic change. Urban environments, despite their potential impact, have seldom been studied in relation to how they shape natural selection of phenotypic traits in multispecies interactions. Using a seed-dispersal mutualism as a study system, we estimated the regime and magnitude of phenotypic selection exerted by frugivores on fruit and seed traits across three plant populations with different degrees of urbanization (urban, semiurban, and rural). Urbanization weakened phenotypic selection via an indirect positive impact on fruit production and fitness and, to a lesser extent, through a direct positive effect on species visitation rates. Our results show that urban ecosystems may affect multifarious selection of traits in the short term and highlight the role of humans in shaping eco-evolutionary dynamics of multispecies interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo X Palacio
- Sección Ornitología, División Zoología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mariano Ordano
- Fundación Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Yerba Buena, Argentina
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Suárez L, Biancheri MJB, Murúa F, Ordano M, Wang X, Cancino J, Garcia FRM, Sánchez G, Beltrachini S, Kulichevsky LE, Ovruski SM. Medfly Population Suppression through Augmentative Release of an Introduced Parasitoid in an Irrigated Multi-Fruit Orchard of Central-Western Argentina. Insects 2023; 14:387. [PMID: 37103202 PMCID: PMC10140834 DOI: 10.3390/insects14040387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2023] [Accepted: 04/13/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Biological control through the augmentative release of parasitoids is an important complementary tool that may be incorporated into other strategies for the eradication/eco-friendly control of pest fruit flies. However, not much information is available on the effectiveness of fruit fly parasitoids as biocontrol agents in semi-arid and temperate fruit-growing regions. Therefore, this study evaluated the effect of augmentative releases of the larval parasitoid Diachasmimorpha longicaudata (Ashmead) on Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (medfly) populations over two fruit seasons (2013 and 2014) on a 10 ha irrigated fruit farm in San Juan province, central-western Argentina. The parasitoids were mass reared on irradiated medfly larvae of the Vienna-8 temperature-sensitive lethal genetic sexing strain. About 1692 (±108) parasitoids/ha were released per each of the 13 periods throughout each fruit season. Another similar farm was chosen as a control of non-parasitoid release. The numbers of captured adult flies in food-baited traps and of recovered fly puparia from sentinel fruits were considered the main variables to analyze the effect of parasitoid release on fly population suppression using a generalized least squares model. The results showed a significant decrease (p < 0.05) in the medfly population on the parasitoid release farm when compared to the Control farm, demonstrating the effectiveness of augmentative biological control using this exotic parasitoid. Thus, D. longicaudata could be used in combination with other medfly suppression strategies in the fruit production valleys of San Juan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorena Suárez
- Dirección de Sanidad Vegetal, Animal y Alimentos de San Juan (DSVAA)-Gobierno de la Provincia de San Juan, Nazario Benavides 8000 Oeste, Rivadavia 5413, Argentina
- CCT CONICET San Juan, Av. Libertador Gral. San Martín 1109, Capital 5400, Argentina
| | - María Josefina Buonocore Biancheri
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos y Biotecnología (PROIMI-CONICET), División Control Biológico, Avda. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
| | - Fernando Murúa
- Dirección de Sanidad Vegetal, Animal y Alimentos de San Juan (DSVAA)-Gobierno de la Provincia de San Juan, Nazario Benavides 8000 Oeste, Rivadavia 5413, Argentina
| | - Mariano Ordano
- Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán—Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Las Cúpulas S/N, Horco Molle, Yerba Buena 4107, Argentina
| | - Xingeng Wang
- USDA-ARS Beneficial Insects Introduction Research Unit, Newark, DE 19713, USA
| | - Jorge Cancino
- Programa Moscamed-Moscafrut, SADER-SENASICA, Dirección General de Sanidad Vegetal, Camino a los Cacahotales s/n, Metapa de Dominguez 30860, México
| | - Flavio Roberto Mello Garcia
- Departamento de Ecologia, Zoologia e Genética, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Federal de Pelotas, Pelotas 96000, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil
| | - Guillermo Sánchez
- Dirección de Sanidad Vegetal, Animal y Alimentos de San Juan (DSVAA)-Gobierno de la Provincia de San Juan, Nazario Benavides 8000 Oeste, Rivadavia 5413, Argentina
- CCT CONICET San Juan, Av. Libertador Gral. San Martín 1109, Capital 5400, Argentina
| | - Sergio Beltrachini
- Dirección de Sanidad Vegetal, Animal y Alimentos de San Juan (DSVAA)-Gobierno de la Provincia de San Juan, Nazario Benavides 8000 Oeste, Rivadavia 5413, Argentina
| | - Luis Ernesto Kulichevsky
- Dirección de Sanidad Vegetal, Animal y Alimentos de San Juan (DSVAA)-Gobierno de la Provincia de San Juan, Nazario Benavides 8000 Oeste, Rivadavia 5413, Argentina
| | - Sergio Marcelo Ovruski
- Planta Piloto de Procesos Industriales Microbiológicos y Biotecnología (PROIMI-CONICET), División Control Biológico, Avda. Belgrano y Pje. Caseros, San Miguel de Tucumán 4000, Argentina
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Palacio FX, Cataudela JF, Montalti D, Ordano M. On the adequacy of fruit removal as a proxy for fitness in studies of bird-mediated phenotypic selection. Am J Bot 2023; 110:1-12. [PMID: 36706269 DOI: 10.1002/ajb2.16130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2022] [Revised: 12/26/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/11/2023]
Abstract
PREMISE In fleshy-fruited plants, fruit removal is widely used as a proxy for plant reproductive success. Nevertheless, this proxy may not accurately reflect the number of seeds dispersed, an assumed better proxy for total fitness (fruit removal × mean number of seeds dispersed per fruit). METHODS We examined under what circumstances fruit removal can be reliable as a proxy for total fitness when assessing bird-mediated selection on fruit traits. In three populations of the Blue Passionflower (Passiflora caerulea), we used the number of fruits pecked per plant as a surrogate for fruit removal to estimate phenotypic selection on fruit and seed traits, and simulations of the effect of the fruit-seed number trade-off on the number of fruits removed. RESULTS Fruit removal was a good indicator of fitness, accounting for 55 to 68% of the variability in total fitness, measured as total number of seeds removed. Moreover, multivariate selection analyses on fruit crop size, mean fruit diameter and mean seed number using fruit removal as a fitness proxy yielded similar selection regimes to those using total fitness. Simulations showed that producing more fruits, a lower number of seeds per fruit, and a higher variability in seed number can result in a negative relationship between fruit removal and total fitness. CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that fruit removal can be reliably used as a proxy for total fitness when (1) there is a weak fruit number-seed number trade-off, (2) fruit crop size and fruit removal correlate positively, and (3) seed number variability does not largely exceed fruit number variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo X Palacio
- Sección Ornitología, División Zoología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Juan Francisco Cataudela
- Laboratorio de Biología de la Conservación, Centro de Ecología Aplicada del Litoral, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Universidad Nacional del Nordeste, Corrientes, Argentina
| | - Diego Montalti
- Sección Ornitología, División Zoología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, Universidad Nacional de La Plata and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Mariano Ordano
- Fundación Miguel Lillo, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Ecología Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Yerba Buena, Argentina
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Blendinger PG, Rojas TN, Ramírez‐Mejía AF, Bender IMA, Lomáscolo S, Magro J, Núñez Montellano MG, Ruggera RA, Valoy M, Ordano M. Nutrient balance and energy‐acquisition effectiveness: do birds adjust their fruit diet to achieve intake targets? Funct Ecol 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.14164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Pedro G. Blendinger
- Instituto de Ecología Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán & CONICET Tucumán Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán Tucumán Argentina
| | - Tobias N. Rojas
- Instituto de Ecología Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán & CONICET Tucumán Argentina
| | | | - Irene M. A. Bender
- Instituto de Ecología Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán & CONICET Tucumán Argentina
| | - Silvia Lomáscolo
- Instituto de Ecología Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán & CONICET Tucumán Argentina
| | - Julieta Magro
- Instituto de Ecología Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán & CONICET Tucumán Argentina
| | | | - Román A. Ruggera
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy & CONICET Jujuy Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Agrarias, Universidad Nacional de Jujuy Jujuy Argentina
| | | | - Mariano Ordano
- Instituto de Ecología Regional, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán & CONICET Tucumán Argentina
- Fundación Miguel Lillo Tucumán Argentina
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Palacio FX, Cataudela JF, Montalti D, Ordano M. Do frugivores exert selection on fruiting phenology? Potential scenarios across three plant populations of a Neotropical vine, Passiflora caerulea. Evol Ecol 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s10682-021-10121-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Albarracin EL, Virla EG, Ordano M. Influence of the site of oviposition on the level of egg parasitism in the corn leafhopper, Dalbulus maidis (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae). AN ACAD BRAS CIENC 2021; 93:e20190686. [PMID: 33787751 DOI: 10.1590/0001-3765202120190686] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2019] [Accepted: 12/01/2019] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The corn leafhopper Dalbulus maidis (DeLong) (Hemiptera: Cicadellidae), transmits three important plant pathogens that adversely affect corn crop and ranges from the USA to Argentina. The vector has a rich natural enemy complex that generates high levels of parasitism, but its populations are persistent and prevalent. We characterized the oviposition sites of D. maidis on young corn plants in order to verify the hypothesis that the vector has an oviposition strategy for mitigating parasitism. Oviposition locations on plants were assessed in the laboratory and eggs within corn plants were exposed to natural parasitism in a cornfield. Eggs were located mostly laid in the unfolded leaves and were attacked by five parasitoid species. Parasitism was significantly affected by the class of leaf and the position of the egg in the leaf. Anagrus virlai Triapitsyn was the most abundant parasitoid species, which emerged significantly higher in the basal blade than other species. Our results suggest that leafhoppers minimize egg parasitism by laying their eggs within concealed locations on the plant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erica Luft Albarracin
- PROIMI - Biotecnología (CONICET), División Control Biológico, Av. Belgrano y Pje Caseros, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Eduardo G Virla
- PROIMI - Biotecnología (CONICET), División Control Biológico, Av. Belgrano y Pje Caseros, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,Instituto de Entomología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Mariano Ordano
- Instituto de Entomología, Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina.,Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (CONICET-Fundación Miguel Lillo), Miguel Lillo 251, 4000, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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Palacio FX, Siepielski AM, Lacoretz MV, Ordano M. Selection on fruit traits is mediated by the interplay between frugivorous birds, fruit flies, parasitoid wasps and seed‐dispersing ants. J Evol Biol 2020; 33:874-886. [DOI: 10.1111/jeb.13656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2020] [Revised: 05/08/2020] [Accepted: 05/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Facundo X. Palacio
- Fundación Miguel Lillo and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Tucumán Argentina
| | - Adam M. Siepielski
- Department of Biological Sciences University of Arkansas Fayetteville AR USA
| | - Mariela V. Lacoretz
- Departamento de Ecología, Genética y Evolución, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas y Naturales Universidad de Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina
| | - Mariano Ordano
- Fundación Miguel Lillo and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas Tucumán Argentina
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Palacio FX, Ordano M, Benitez-Vieyra S. Measuring natural selection on multivariate phenotypic traits: a protocol for verifiable and reproducible analyses of natural selection. Isr J Ecol Evol 2019. [DOI: 10.1163/22244662-20191064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The use of multiple regression analysis to quantify the regime and strength of natural selection in nature has been an influential approach in evolutionary biology over the last 36 years. However, many studies fail to report the protocol of estimation of selection coefficients (selection gradients) and the specific model assumptions, thus failing to verify and reproduce the estimation of selection coefficients. We present a brief overview of the Lande and Arnold’s approach and a step-by-step R routine to aid researchers to perform a verifiable and reproducible regression analysis of natural selection. The steps involved in the analysis include: (1) assessing collinearity between phenotypic traits, (2) testing normality of model residuals, and (3) testing multivariate normality of phenotypic traits. We also performed a series of simulations to test the effect of non-symmetrical (skewed) phenotypic traits on the estimation of linear selection gradients. These showed that the bias in the linear gradient increased with increased skewness in phenotypic traits for the quadratic model, whereas the linear gradient of a model with only linear terms was nearly independent of trait skewness. If none of the above assumptions are met, selection gradients need to be estimated from two separate equations, whereas standard errors must be computed using other methods (e.g. bootstrapping). We expect that the procedure outlined here and the availability of analytical codes motivate the verifiability and reproducibility of the Lande and Arnold’s approach in the study of microevolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Facundo Xavier Palacio
- a Sección Ornitología, División Zoología Vertebrados, Facultad de Ciencias Naturales y Museo, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Paseo del Bosque s/n (B1900FWA), La Plata, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Ordano
- b Unidad Ejecutora Lillo, Fundación Miguel Lillo, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, Miguel Lillo 251 (T4000JFE), San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Santiago Benitez-Vieyra
- c Laboratorio de Ecología Evolutiva y Biología Floral, Instituto Multidisciplinario de Biología Vegetal, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, and Universidad Nacional de Córdoba, Av. Vélez Sársfield 1611 (X5016GCA), Córdoba, Argentina
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Ordano M, Blendinger PG, Lomáscolo SB, Chacoff NP, Sánchez MS, Núñez Montellano MG, Jiménez J, Ruggera RA, Valoy M. The role of trait combination in the conspicuousness of fruit display among bird‐dispersed plants. Funct Ecol 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/1365-2435.12899] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Ordano
- Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (UEL) Fundación Miguel Lillo (FML) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Miguel Lillo 251 San Miguel de Tucumán T4000JFE Tucumán Argentina
- Fundación Miguel Lillo Miguel Lillo 251 San Miguel de Tucumán T4000JFE Tucumán Argentina
| | - Pedro G. Blendinger
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER) Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Yerba Buena CC 34, 4107 Tucumán Argentina
| | - Silvia B. Lomáscolo
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER) Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Yerba Buena CC 34, 4107 Tucumán Argentina
| | - Natacha P. Chacoff
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER) Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Yerba Buena CC 34, 4107 Tucumán Argentina
| | - Mariano S. Sánchez
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS) nodo Iguazú Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Bertoni 85 Puerto Iguazú N3370BFA Misiones Argentina
| | - María G. Núñez Montellano
- Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA (IBIGEO) Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSA) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) 9 de Julio 14 Rosario de Lerma A4405BBB Salta Argentina
| | - Julieta Jiménez
- Instituto de Ecología Regional (IER) Universidad Nacional de Tucumán (UNT) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Yerba Buena CC 34, 4107 Tucumán Argentina
| | - Román A. Ruggera
- Instituto de Ecorregiones Andinas (INECOA) Universidad Nacional de Jujuy (UNJu) and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET) Alberdi 47 San Salvador de Jujuy Y4600DTA Jujuy Argentina
| | - Mariana Valoy
- Fundación Miguel Lillo Miguel Lillo 251 San Miguel de Tucumán T4000JFE Tucumán Argentina
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Fornoni J, Ordano M, Pérez-Ishiwara R, Boege K, Domínguez CA. A comparison of floral integration between selfing and outcrossing species: a meta-analysis. Ann Bot 2016; 117:299-306. [PMID: 26578721 PMCID: PMC4724042 DOI: 10.1093/aob/mcv166] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2015] [Revised: 09/10/2015] [Accepted: 09/16/2015] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Floral integration is thought to be an adaptation to promote cross-fertilization, and it is often assumed that it increases morphological matching between flowers and pollinators, increasing the efficiency of pollen transfer. However, the evidence for this role of floral integration is limited, and recent studies have suggested a possible positive association between floral integration and selfing. Although a number of explanations exist to account for this inconsistency, to date there has been no attempt to examine the existence of an association between floral integration and mating system. This study hypothesized that if pollinator-mediated pollen movement among plants (outcrossing) is the main factor promoting floral integration, species with a predominantly outcrossing mating system should present higher levels of floral integration than those with a predominantly selfing mating system. METHODS A phylogenetically informed meta-analysis of published data was performed in order to evaluate whether mating system (outcrossing vs. selfing) accounts for the variation in floral integration among 64 species of flowering plants. Morphometric floral information was used to compare intra-floral integration among traits describing sexual organs (androecium and gynoecium) and those corresponding to the perianth (calix and corolla). KEY RESULTS The analysis showed that outcrossing species have lower floral integration than selfing species. This pattern was caused by significantly higher integration of sexual traits than perianth traits, as integration of the latter group remained unchanged across mating categories. CONCLUSIONS The results suggest that the evolution of selfing is associated with concomitant changes in intra-floral integration. Thus, floral integration of sexual traits should be considered as a critical component of the selfing syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fornoni
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria 04510, México Distrito Federal, México and
| | - Mariano Ordano
- Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, San Miguel de Tucumán T4000JFE, Tucumán, Argentina, and Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Argentina
| | - Rubén Pérez-Ishiwara
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria 04510, México Distrito Federal, México and
| | - Karina Boege
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria 04510, México Distrito Federal, México and
| | - César A Domínguez
- Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, Ciudad Universitaria 04510, México Distrito Federal, México and
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Palacio F, Valoy M, Bernacki F, Sánchez M, Núñez-Montellano M, Varela O, Ordano M. Bird fruit consumption results from the interaction between fruit-handling behaviour and fruit crop size. ETHOL ECOL EVOL 2015. [DOI: 10.1080/03949370.2015.1080195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- F.X. Palacio
- Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, T4000JFE, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT Tucumán, Crisóstomo Álvarez 722, T4000CHP, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - M. Valoy
- Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, T4000JFE, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - F. Bernacki
- Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, T4000JFE, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 201, T4000JFE, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - M.S. Sánchez
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 201, T4000JFE, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Biología Subtropical (IBS), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Misiones (UNaM), Bertoni 85, N3370BFA, Puerto Iguazú, Misiones, Argentina
| | - M.G. Núñez-Montellano
- Facultad de Ciencias Naturales e Instituto Miguel Lillo, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, Miguel Lillo 201, T4000JFE, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Bio y Geociencias del NOA, Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Universidad Nacional de Salta (UNSA), 9 de Julio 14, A4405BBB, Rosario de Lerma, Salta, Argentina
| | - O. Varela
- Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, T4000JFE, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Instituto de Ambientes de Montañas y Regiones Áridas, Universidad Nacional de Chilecito, 9 de Julio 22, F5360CKB, Chilecito, La Rioja, Argentina
| | - M. Ordano
- Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillo 251, T4000JFE, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), CCT Tucumán, Crisóstomo Álvarez 722, T4000CHP, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
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Ordano M, Engelhard I, Rempoulakis P, Nemny-Lavy E, Blum M, Yasin S, Lensky IM, Papadopoulos NT, Nestel D. Olive Fruit Fly (Bactrocera oleae) Population Dynamics in the Eastern Mediterranean: Influence of Exogenous Uncertainty on a Monophagous Frugivorous Insect. PLoS One 2015; 10:e0127798. [PMID: 26010332 PMCID: PMC4444365 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0127798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2015] [Accepted: 04/19/2015] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite of the economic importance of the olive fly (Bactrocera oleae) and the large amount of biological and ecological studies on the insect, the factors driving its population dynamics (i.e., population persistence and regulation) had not been analytically investigated until the present study. Specifically, our study investigated the autoregressive process of the olive fly populations, and the joint role of intrinsic and extrinsic factors molding the population dynamics of the insect. Accounting for endogenous dynamics and the influences of exogenous factors such as olive grove temperature, the North Atlantic Oscillation and the presence of potential host fruit, we modeled olive fly populations in five locations in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Our models indicate that the rate of population change is mainly shaped by first and higher order non-monotonic, endogenous dynamics (i.e., density-dependent population feedback). The olive grove temperature was the main exogenous driver, while the North Atlantic Oscillation and fruit availability acted as significant exogenous factors in one of the five populations. Seasonal influences were also relevant for three of the populations. In spite of exogenous effects, the rate of population change was fairly stable along time. We propose that a special reproductive mechanism, such as reproductive quiescence, allows populations of monophagous fruit flies such as the olive fly to remain stable. Further, we discuss how weather factors could impinge constraints on the population dynamics at the local level. Particularly, local temperature dynamics could provide forecasting cues for management guidelines. Jointly, our results advocate for establishing monitoring programs and for a major focus of research on the relationship between life history traits and populations dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Ordano
- Fundación Miguel Lillo, Miguel Lillio 251, T4000JFE San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
- Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas, CCT Tucumán, Unidad Ejecutora Lillo (FML-CONICET), Miguel Lillo 251, T4000JFE San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Izhar Engelhard
- Institute of Plant Protection, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | | | - Esther Nemny-Lavy
- Institute of Plant Protection, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
| | - Moshe Blum
- Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Sami Yasin
- Agro, Nippon International Cooperation for Community Development (NICCOD), Zababdeh Office, Tubas, Palestine
| | - Itamar M. Lensky
- Department of Geography and Environment, Bar-Ilan University, Ramat Gan, Israel
| | - Nikos T. Papadopoulos
- Laboratory of Entomology and Agricultural Zoology, University of Thessaly, Volos, Greece
| | - David Nestel
- Institute of Plant Protection, ARO, The Volcani Center, Bet Dagan, Israel
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Andraca-Gómez G, Ordano M, Boege K, Domínguez CA, Piñero D, Pérez-Ishiwara R, Pérez-Camacho J, Cañizares M, Fornoni J. A potential invasion route of Cactoblastis cactorum within the Caribbean region matches historical hurricane trajectories. Biol Invasions 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s10530-014-0802-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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Aluja M, Ordano M, Guillén L, Rull J. Understanding long-term fruit fly (Diptera: Tephritidae) population dynamics: implications for areawide management. J Econ Entomol 2012; 105:823-36. [PMID: 22812118 DOI: 10.1603/ec11353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae) are devastating agricultural pests worldwide but studies on their long-term population dynamics are sparse. Our aim was to determine the mechanisms driving long-term population dynamics as a prerequisite for ecologically based areawide pest management. The population density of three pestiferous Anastrepha species [Anastrepha ludens (Loew), Anastrepha obliqua (Macquart), and Anastrepha serpentina (Wiedemann)] was determined in grapefruit (Citrus x paradisi Macfad.), mango (Mangifera indica L.), and sapodilla [Manilkara zapota (L.) P. Royen] orchards in central Veracruz, México, on a weekly basis over an 11-yr period. Fly populations exhibited relatively stable dynamics over time. Population dynamics were mainly driven by a direct density-dependent effect and a seasonal feedback process. We discovered direct and delayed influences that were correlated with both local (rainfall and air temperature) and global climatic variation (El Niño Southern Oscillation [ENSO] and North Atlantic Oscillation [NAO]), and detected differences among species and location of orchards with respect to the magnitude and nature (linear or nonlinear) of the observed effects, suggesting that highly mobile pest outbreaks become uncertain in response to significant climatic events at both global and local levels. That both NAO and ENSO affected Anastrepha population dynamics, coupled with the high mobility of Anastrepha adults and the discovery that when measured as rate of population change, local population fluctuations exhibited stable dynamics over time, suggests potential management scenarios for the species studied lie beyond the local scale and should be approached from an areawide perspective. Localized efforts, from individual growers will probably prove ineffective, and nonsustainable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Aluja
- Instituto de Ecología A.C., 91070 Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
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Benitez-Vieyra S, Ordano M, Fornoni J, Boege K, Domínguez CA. Selection on signal–reward correlation: limits and opportunities to the evolution of deceit in Turnera ulmifolia L. J Evol Biol 2011; 23:2760-7. [PMID: 21121090 DOI: 10.1111/j.1420-9101.2010.02132.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Because pollinators are unable to directly assess the amount of rewards offered by flowers, they rely on the information provided by advertising floral traits. Thus, having a lower intra-individual correlation between signal and reward (signal accuracy) than other plants in the population provides the opportunity to reduce investment in rewards and cheat pollinators. However, pollinators' cognitive capacities can impose a limit to the evolution of this plant cheating strategy if they can punish those plants with low signal accuracy. In this study, we examined the opportunity for cheating in the perennial weed Turnera ulmifolia L. evaluating the selective value of signal accuracy, floral display and reward production in a natural population. We found that plant reproductive success was positively related to signal accuracy and floral display, but not to nectar production. The intensity of selection on floral display was more than three times higher than on signal accuracy. The pattern of selection indicated that pollinators can select for signal accuracy provided by plants and suggests that learning abilities of pollinators can limit the evolution of deceptive strategies in T. ulmifolia.
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Affiliation(s)
- S Benitez-Vieyra
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Distrito Federal, México
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Fornoni J, Boege K, Domínguez CA, Ordano M. How little is too little?: The adaptive value of floral integration. Commun Integr Biol 2009; 1:56-8. [PMID: 19704792 DOI: 10.4161/cib.1.1.6844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2008] [Accepted: 08/22/2008] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
For more than a century the idea that natural selection favors high levels of floral integration has prevailed as a paradigm among floral biologists. However, there is very little empirical evidence of the adaptive value of floral integration. In this addendum we highlight an important result derived from an empirical study complemented with a literature review and mathematical simulations. Results indicated that intrafloral integration but not floral integration was selected among four species of Rosaceae. The literature review coupled with null models revealed that flowering plants have on average lower than expected levels of floral integration. Mathematical simulations further demonstrated that observed levels of floral integration might result from selection favoring increased intrafloral integration. Altogether, these findings suggest that in most flowering plants, floral integration has a low adaptive value and could be a by-product of selection favoring intrafloral integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fornoni
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva; Instituto de Ecología; Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Fornoni
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, C.P. 04510, México Distrito Federal, México
| | - Mariano Ordano
- Centro de Investigaciones sobre Regulación de Poblaciones de Organismos Nocivos (CIRPON), Fundación Miguel Lillo, Pasaje Caseros 1050, T4001MVD, San Miguel de Tucumán, Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Karina Boege
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, C.P. 04510, México Distrito Federal, México
| | - César A Domínguez
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275, C.P. 04510, México Distrito Federal, México
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Aluja M, Ordano M, Teal PEA, Sivinski J, García-Medel D, Anzures-Dadda A. Larval feeding substrate and species significantly influence the effect of a juvenile hormone analog on sexual development/performance in four tropical tephritid flies. J Insect Physiol 2009; 55:231-242. [PMID: 19101560 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinsphys.2008.11.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2008] [Revised: 11/21/2008] [Accepted: 11/24/2008] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The juvenile hormone (JH) analog methoprene reduces the amount of time it takes laboratory-reared Anastrepha suspensa (Caribbean fruit fly) males to reach sexual maturity by almost half. Here, we examined if methoprene exerted a similar effect on four other tropical Anastrepha species (Anastrepha ludens, Anastrepha obliqua, Anastrepha serpentina and Anastrepha striata) reared on natural hosts and exhibiting contrasting life histories. In the case of A. ludens, we worked with two populations that derived from Casimiroa greggii (ancestral host, larvae feed on seeds) and Citrus paradisi (exotic host, larvae feed on pulp). We found that the effects of methoprene, when they occurred, varied according to species and, in the case of A. ludens, according to larval host. For example, in the case of the two A. ludens populations the effect of methoprene on first appearance of male calling behavior and number of copulations was only apparent in flies derived from C. greggii. In contrast, males derived from C. paradisi called and mated almost twice as often and females started to lay eggs almost 1 day earlier than individuals derived from C. greggii, but in this case there was no significant effect of treatment (methoprene) only a significant host effect. There were also significant host and host by treatment interactions with respect to egg clutch size. A. ludens females derived from C. paradisi laid significantly more eggs per clutch and total number of eggs than females derived from C. greggii. With respect to the multiple species comparisons, the treatment effect was consistent for A. ludens, occasional in A. serpentina (e.g., calling by males, clutch size), and not apparent in the cases of A. obliqua and A. striata. Interestingly, with respect to clutch size, in the cases of A. ludens and A. serpentina, the treatment effect followed opposite directions: positive in the case of A. ludens and negative in the case of A. serpentina. We center our discussion on two hypotheses (differential physiology and larval-food), and also interpret our results in light of the life history differences exhibited by the different species we compared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martín Aluja
- Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Apartado Postal 63, C.P. 91000, Xalapa, Veracruz, Mexico.
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Abstract
Floral integration has been deemed an adaptation to increase the benefits of animal pollination, yet no attempts have been made to estimate its adaptive value under natural conditions. Here, the variation in the magnitude and pattern of phenotypic floral integration and the variance-covariance structure of floral traits in four species of Rosaceae were examined. The intensity of natural selection acting on floral phenotypic integration was also estimated and the available evidence regarding the magnitude of floral integration reviewed. The species studied had similar degrees of floral integration, although significant differences were observed in their variance-covariance structure. Selection acted on subsets of floral traits (i.e. selection on intrafloral integration) rather than on the integration of the whole flower. Average integration was 20% and similar to the estimated mean value of flowering plants. The review indicated that flowering plants present lower integration than expected by chance. Numerical simulations suggest that this pattern may result from selection favouring intrafloral integration. Phenotypic integration at the flower level seems to have a low adaptive value among the species surveyed. Moreover, it is proposed that pollinator-mediated selection promotes the evolution of intrafloral integration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Ordano
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275 Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF, CP 04510, México
| | - Juan Fornoni
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275 Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF, CP 04510, México
| | - Karina Boege
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275 Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF, CP 04510, México
| | - César A Domínguez
- Departamento de Ecología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Apartado Postal 70-275 Ciudad Universitaria, México, DF, CP 04510, México
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Abstract
We tested whether phylogeny, flower size and/or altitude were significant predictors of interspecific variation in nectar production of hummingbird-visited plants in an assembled database (289 species, in 22 orders, 56 families and 131 genera). Although the study is focused on hummingbird-pollinated plants (241 plant species), plants with different pollinator syndromes (48 species) are also included in the analyses. Nectar volume secreted in a given time period (usually 24 h) by a given flower, its sugar concentration and corolla length were compiled mainly from the literature. Altitude was also obtained from the original references. Sugar production was computed basically as the product of nectar secretion and sugar concentration, and expressed on a per 24-h basis. All nectar traits and corolla length (all log transformed), as well as altitude, showed statistically significant phylogenetic signal. Both nonphylogenetic and phylogenetically informed (independent contrasts) analyses indicated a highly significant positive correlation between corolla length and both nectar volume and sugar production. In addition, altitude (which is partially a surrogate for temperature) was significantly negatively correlated with both sugar concentration and production. Possible reasons for coadaptation of nectar production and sugar production with corolla length are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- J F Ornelas
- Departamento de Biología Evolutiva, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Xalapa, Veracruz, México.
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Arroyo-Rodríguez V, Serio-Silva JC, Alamo-García J, Ordano M. Exploring immature-to-mother social distances in Mexican mantled howler monkeys at Los Tuxtlas, Mexico. Am J Primatol 2007; 69:173-81. [PMID: 17154388 DOI: 10.1002/ajp.20344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
We analyzed immature-to-mother social distance (juveniles and non-nursing infants) in two Mexican mantled howler monkey (Alouatta palliata) troops inhabiting a tropical rainforest fragment (40 ha) at Los Tuxtlas, Veracruz, Mexico. During July and August of 2000 and 2001 we applied an instantaneous sampling method (317 hr) to record the behaviors of the immatures and their mothers, as well as distances (ordinal scale) between immatures and their mothers (IMD), and between immatures and nonmother individuals (INMD). Immatures were generally less than 5 m away from any individual of the troop. Social distance was influenced by the different behaviors of both mothers and immatures, with the shortest distances occurring during rest (IMD <5 m in 94% of all instantaneous samples) and the longest during exploration (21% > or =10 m) and play (26% > or =10 m). When IMD increased, we found a higher percentage of records <5 m to other individuals, particularly with the probable father. When the variation in distance to the mother and to other individuals in the troop was considered, the immature animals' distance to other troop members depended on the immatures' age and type of behavior. Overall, these results suggest that in this low-activity species the development of the immature is associated with a complex set of relationships with other troop members.
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Ordano M, Ornelas JF. Generous-like flowers: nectar production in two epiphytic bromeliads and a meta-analysis of removal effects. Oecologia 2004; 140:495-505. [PMID: 15221434 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-004-1597-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2003] [Accepted: 04/20/2004] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Animal-pollinated angiosperm plants that respond positively to nectar removal by replenishment invest energy that can entail a reproductive cost. We investigated whether or not nectar removal stimulates replenishment in two hummingbird-pollinated bromeliad species. Nectar replenishment rates were also assessed by removing nectar from manually pollinated flowers because pollination events might be used as signals to save energy by preventing allocation to post-pollination nectar production. Then we synthesized the current understanding of nectar removal effects by reviewing existing published studies with a meta-analysis. The magnitude and significance of estimated nectar removal effects and factors associated with variation in size and direction of nectar removal effects were elucidated with the meta-analysis. We found that both Tillandsia species strongly respond to repeated nectar removal by producing >3 times additional nectar. Nectar secretion patterns were not altered by pollination (stigmatic pollen deposition) and we found no evidence of nectar reabsorption. Although the effect size varied widely across systems and/or environmental conditions, the meta-analysis showed that nectar removal had overall a positive effect on nectar replenishment (mainly among species inhabiting wet tropical habitats such as Tillandsia), and a negative effect on the secretion of additional sugar, suggesting that those plants are resource limited and conservative in the secretion of additional sugar.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariano Ordano
- Departamento de Ecología y Comportamiento Animal, Instituto de Ecología, A.C., Km 2.5 Carretera Antigua a Coatepec No. 351, Congregación El Haya, Apdo. Postal 63, Xalapa, Veracruz 91070, Mexico
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