SUN-556 Cardiac Phenotype in Familial Partial Lipodystrophy

Background Pathogenic variants in Lamin A/C (LMNA) gene are the most common monogenic etiology in Familial Partial Lipodystrophy (FPLD) causing FPLD2. LMNA pathogenic variants have been previously associated with cardiomyopathy, familial arrhythmias or conduction system abnormalities independent of lipodystrophy. We aimed to assess cardiac impacts of FPLD, and to explore the extent of overlap between cardiolaminopathies and FPLD. Methods We conducted a retrospective review of an established cohort of 122 patients (age range: 13-77, M/F 21/101) with FPLD from Michigan (n = 83) and Turkey (n = 39) with an accessible cardiac evaluation. Also, functional syncytia of mature human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes (hiPSC-CMs) from a FLPD2 patient was studied for assessment of autonomous rhythm and action potential duration with optical mapping using a voltage sensitive dye. Results In the whole study cohort, 95 (78%) patients had cardiac alterations (25% ischemic heart disease, 36% arrhythmia, 16% conduction abnormality, 20% prolonged QT interval, 11% cardiomyopathy, and 15% congestive heart failure). The likelihood of having an arrhythmia (OR; 3.95, 95% CI: 1.49-10.49) and conduction disease (OR: 3.324, 95% CI: 1.33-8.31) was significantly higher in patients with LMNA pathogenic variants. Patients with LMNA pathogenic variants were at high risk for atrial fibrillation/flutter (OR: 6.77, 95% CI: 1.27- 39.18). The time to first arrhythmia was significantly shorter in the LMNA group with a higher hazard rate of 3.04 (95% CI: 1.29-7.17, p = 0.032). Non-482 LMNA pathogenic variants were more likely to be associated with cardiac events (vs. 482 LMNA: OR: 4.74, 95% CI: 1.41- 15.98 for arrhythmia; OR: 17.67, 95% CI: 2.44- 127.68 for atrial fibrillation/flutter; OR: 5.71, 95% CI: 1.37- 23.76 for conduction disease. hiPSC-CMs from a FPLD2 patient had higher frequency of autonomous activity, and shorter Fridericia corrected action potential duration at 80% repolarization compared to control cardiomyocytes. Furthermore, FPLD2 functional syncytia of mature hiPSC-CMs presented several rhythm alterations such as early after-depolarizations, spontaneous quiescence and spontaneous tachyarrhythmia; none of those were observed in the control cell lines. Finally, FPLD2 hiPSC-CMs presented significantly slower recovery in chronotropic changes induced by isoproterenol exposure; which indicates disrupted beta-adrenergic response. Conclusion Our results suggest the need for vigilant cardiac monitoring in FPLD, especially in patients with FPLD2 who have an increased risk to develop cardiac arrhythmias and conduction system diseases. In addition, study of human induced pluripotent stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes may prove useful to understand the mechanism of cardiac disease and arrhythmias and to create precision therapy opportunities in the future.

MON-121 Pain Is a Major Driver of Quality of Life and Psychoemotional Health in Lipodystrophy Syndromes

Background Lipodystrophy is a group of heterogeneous syndromes characterized by selective loss of adipose tissue and metabolic abnormalities. The severity of pain and its possible relation to measures of quality of life (OoL) and psychoemotional and metabolic health have never been studied in-depth previously. Methods LD-Lync study is an international multi-center study collecting data on the natural history of different lipodystrophy syndromes. We have completed phase 1 of the study where only a single site (University of Michigan) entered data (n = 79 patients, M/F: 16/63, mean age: 46.13 ± 14.60, 56 with familial partial lipodystrophy). In this study, we sought to investigate the relationship of pain perception on QoL, psychoemotional and metabolic aspects of the disease. Brief Pain Inventory (BPI) was used to calculate pain severity (BPI-SS) and pain interference scores (BPI-IS). Results From the 77 who completed the questionnaires, 56 (72.73%) patients reported pain at different levels. Out of the 56, 29 (51.79%) patients had moderate/severe pain (BPI-SS ≥ 4). Patients with moderate/severe pain had “more impaired” QoL scores: physical functioning: 20 (15-50) vs. 80 (45-95), p = 0.002; limitation to physical health: 0 (0-25) vs. 75 (0-100), p = 0.002; energy/fatigue 15 (10-30) vs. 45 (20-60), p = 0.032; emotional well-being: 48 (32-60) vs. 72 (48-84), p = 0.029; social functioning: 33 (20-38) vs. 58 (35-70), p = 0.002; general health: 15 (10-25) vs. 35 (20-55), p = 0.005). Severe depression (PHQ-9 > 14) was more frequently detected among patients with moderate/severe pain (63.2% vs. 36.9%, p = 0.008). PHQ-9 score measuring depression was positively correlated with BPI-SS (r = 0.53, p < 0.001), and BPI-IS (r = 0.63, p < 0.001). Emotional burden score was also higher in patients reporting moderate/severe pain (4.0 (2.6-5.0) vs. 2.7 (1.6-3.3), p = 0.015). BPI-SS/BPI-IS scores correlated positively with disease distress (r = 0.33, p < 0.001, and r = 0.31, p = 0.010) and GAD7 scores measuring anxiety (r = 0.52, p < 0.001, and r = 0.50, p < 0.001). Anxiety (GAD7 > 10) was more prevalent among patients with moderate/severe pain (58.6% vs. 23.4%, p = 0.002). The presence of diabetes was associated with higher BPI-SS scores: 3.50 (1.50-5.00) vs. 0 (0-3.25), p = 0.030). Also, patients with HbA1c > 6.5% exhibited higher BPI-SS scores than those with an HbA1c less than 6.5%: 3.38 (1.38-5.00) vs. 1.25 (0-3.50), p = 0.030). Conclusion Our study reveals a high frequency of pain perception among patients with different types of lipodystrophy. Pain severity contributes to worsening in QoL, affects physical and emotional function, and relates to psychoemotional state in patients with lipodystrophy. In addition, the presence of diabetes and higher HbA1c may potentially modulate pain in patients with lipodystrophy. Further work is needed to elucidate the pathways that regulate pain in these patients and to address it effectively.

SUN-607 Iron Parameters in Patients with Partial Lipodystrophy and Impact of Metreleptin Therapy

Introduction Intriguing rodent studies and epidemiological data suggest that iron metabolism and adipocytokines crosstalk to regulate glucose metabolism and fuel storage. Iron parameters have not been previously studied in patients with lipodystrophy whereas increased iron stores have been associated with type 2 diabetes. In this study, we sought to investigate the status of iron parameters in patients with partial lipodystrophy (PL) and to interrogate whether the adipocyte hormone leptin can modulate iron metabolism. Methods Serum samples of 19 patients with PL (age: 42, IQR: 34-57, M/F: 3/16) were used from an open-label study previously performed at the University of Michigan evaluating the efficacy of metreleptin in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NCT01679197) to measure ferritin, hepcidin, iron, and transferrin soluble receptor levels. High-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels were also determined as broader changes in inflammatory pathways may potentially impact circulating ferritin levels. Results were integrated into an existing database of metabolic parameters. Data are presented as median, IQR. Results At baseline, ferritin levels were positively correlated with fasting glucose (r = 0.533; p = 0.023) and HbA1c (r = 0.510; p = 0.031). During the 6 months of therapy period, HbA1c (9.2%, 7.3-10.3 vs. month-3: 8.6%, 7.7-9.6; p = 0.099; and month-6: 8.5%, 6.8-9.5; p = 0.264), triglyceride levels (346 mg/dL, 240-1771 vs. month-3: 346 mg/dl, 237-479; p = 0.047; and month-6: 295 mg/dl, 207-495; p = 0.091), and hepatic fat (12.7%, 9.8-20.6 vs. month-6: 8.9%, 7.0-11.0; p = 0.031)} decreased. Reductions were observed in serum ferritin after metreleptin treatment (83.23 ng/mL, 76.43-178.97 vs. month-3: 73.79 ng/ml, 68.30-78.59; p = 0.007; and month-6: 61.03 ng/mL, 46.45-157.74; p = 0.004). There was a tendency for hepcidin and iron to be decreased, but this did not reach statistical significance. On the other hand, there were notable reductions in hs-CRP levels at 6 months compared to baseline (2.94 mg/L, 1.30-4.80 vs. 1.6 mg/L, 1.00-6.30; p = 0.012). Baseline leptin level was inversely correlated with percent reduction in hs-CRP at month-6 (r = -0.685; p = 0.001). Also, modest correlations were observed between changes in serum iron and triglycerides (r = 0.491, p = 0.033) and hepatic fat (r = 0.412, p = 0.079). Conclusions We observed a significant relationship between ferritin and glucose control in a group of patients with PL. Metreleptin therapy was associated with improvements in triglycerides and hepatic fat and there were also significant decreases in ferritin and hs-CRP levels. These results raise the possibility that metreleptin therapy influences iron metabolism. However, whether the decrease in ferritin indicates a decrease in iron stores or is mediated by an effect on inflammation remains unknown.

OR17-02 Changes in Hepatokines and Apolipoproteins Are Associated with Metabolic Response to Metreleptin in Partial Lipodystrophy

Introduction Metreleptin treatment may improve the metabolic aspects of partial lipodystrophy; however, the treatment response is heterogeneous. This study aimed to explore changes in circulating apolipoprotein concentrations, as well as ANGPLT3, ANGPLT4, and IGF-1 levels in patients treated with Metreleptin as part of a clinical study investigating the efficacy of Metreleptin in nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) associated with partial lipodystrophy (ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT01679197). Methods Serum samples of 18 patients with partial lipodystrophy who underwent a full metabolic evaluation and paired liver biopsies before and after Metreleptin were studied. Patients were tested at baseline, month (M) 3, M6, and M12. Glycemic response was defined as “more than 1% HbA1c reduction from baseline”. Lipid response was defined as “more than 30% decrease in triglycerides from baseline”. The hepatic response was defined as “a decrease of 2 points or more from baseline in NASH score, without an increase in fibrosis”. Patients with “any 2 of 3 above” at M12 were defined as metabolic responders. Results Metreleptin treatment resulted in significant reductions in triglycerides (346 mg/dL vs. 253 mg/dL; F: 8.474; p < 0.001), apo B (145.24 mg/dL vs. 111.09 mg/dL; F: 9.266: p < 0.001), apo CII (18.65 mg/dL vs. 15.95 mg/dL; F: 6.663: p = 0.001), apo CIII (62.95 mg/dL vs. 49.33 mg/dL; F: 5.640, p = 0.002), apo E (8.16 mg/dL vs. 6.52 mg/dL; F: 11.056, p < 0.001), and ANGPLT3 (14.36 ng/mL vs. 12.00 mg/dL; F: 4.348; p = 0.008) over time. IGF-1 levels significantly increased at M3 (134 ng/mL vs. 139 ng/mL; p = 0.001), however the difference was not significant over time. Metabolic responders had lower baseline leptin (12.4 ng/mL vs. 27.8 ng/mL; p = 0.024) and IGF-1 (95 ng/ml vs. 151 ng/mL; p = 0.008), and higher apo CII (39.06 mg/dL vs. 17.90 mg/dL; p = 0.011), apo CIII (173.57 mg/dL vs. 51.51 mg/dL; p = 0.015), apo E (18.41 mg/dL vs. 5.89 mg/dL; p = 0.002), and ANGPLT3 (17.33 ng/mL vs. 10.06 ng/mL; p = 0.04). Metabolic responders had a significant increase in IGF-1 (95 ng/mL vs. 134 ng/mL; p = 0.019), which was statistically distinguished from non-responders (p = 0.004). Responders also had a greater reduction in apo CII (20.51 mg/dL vs. -1.84 mg/dL; p = 0.001), apo CIII (32.59 mg/dL vs. -7.83 mg/dL; p = 0.007), apo E (8.17 mg/dL vs. 0.22 mg/dL; p = 0.001), and ANGPLT3 (6.08 ng/mL vs. -0.16 ng/mL; p = 0.005) early after treatment at M3. Conclusions Metreleptin treatment lowers levels of apolipoproteins associated with triglyceride metabolism as well as ANGPLT3 in patients with partial lipodystrophy. Metabolic response to Metreleptin appears to be correlated with early changes in these factors and an increase in IGF-1 levels.

SAT-110 Long-Term Impact of Gastric Bypass versus Sleeve Gastrectomy on Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Retrospective Observations from Michigan Bariatric Surgery Cohort

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is highly prevalent in obese patients. Bariatric surgery is highly effective for treatment of NAFLD. We have previously reported 4 and 5-year weight loss outcomes in patients who underwent bariatric surgery at Michigan Medicine from 2008 to 2013. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of weight loss surgery on persistence of NAFLD up to 5 years post-surgery. Retrospective data on weight, blood pressure, lipid panel, A1c, liver enzymes, NAFLD Fibrosis scores (NFS) and imaging were analyzed with respect to the type of surgery [sleeve gastrectomy (SG) or Roux-en Y gastric bypass (GB)] at baseline and yearly for 5 years. Patients were assessed for presence of underlying NAFLD based on liver biopsy, imaging, or clinical diagnosis (ICD-9 or 10 codes) prior to surgery. Persistent NAFLD was assessed based on presence of hepatic steatosis on abdominal imaging (ultrasound, CT or MRI) over follow-up. Follow up data were available on 221 patients with NAFLD at baseline (GB =128, SG=93); median age 47 years (IQR 40-54) with 73% females and a median BMI of 46.2 kg/m2 (IQR 41.2-52.4). Median BMI was higher in the SG group versus GB owing to the criteria for approval in 2008-2012 (48.1 kg/m2 vs. 45.3 kg/m2, p=0.01). Median NFS was higher in SG vs GB (0.04 vs -0.50, p =0.01). Only 38 patients (17.2%) had a liver biopsy, among which 25 (65.8%) showed non-alcoholic steatohepaitis (NASH) and 3 (7.9%) demonstrated cirrhosis. Both groups had a reduction in NFS over follow up with median NFS significantly lower at all-time points in the GB group, p<0.01); improvement in NFS was more pronounced in the GB group at year 1, p=0.03. Overall, 83 patients (37.5%) had follow-up abdominal imaging with 28 (33.7%) having evidence of persistent NAFLD; 28.7% at 1-2 years, 16.3% at 2-4 years, and 55% at >4 years post-surgery. The nadir of BMI occurred at 1 year (median 31.3 and 37.2, in BG versus SG, respectively), with a peak at year 4 for GB (median 35.6) and year 5 for SG (median 40.4). At all-time points, the median weight loss was highest in the GB group. All metabolic parameters remained improved compared to baseline. The following differences were noted in the GB group versus SG group: LDL was significantly lower at year 1, 2 and 5; cholesterol significantly lower at year 1 and 2; significantly larger reduction in hemoglobin A1c at year 2, 4 and 5; and reduction in TG significantly higher at year 1. In a multivariable model integrating type of surgery, baseline diabetes and baseline hyperlipidemia, baseline hyperlipidemia was independently associated with persistent NAFLD (OR: 3.2, 95% CI 1.04-10.10, p=0.04). Change in weight was not predictive of persistent NAFLD. In conclusion, these observations suggest that bariatric surgery may have a weight-independent effect on NAFLD. Further studies are needed to examine the effect of disease severity and co-morbidities on NAFLD resolution after bariatric surgery.

MON-101 The LD Lync Study: Natural History Study of Lipodystrophy Syndromes: Early Lessons from the Pilot Data

Lipodystrophy syndromes are a heterogeneous cluster of rare diseases characterized by a paucity or abnormal distribution of fat which are also associated with insulin resistance and ectopic lipid deposition. Owing to the rarity of the syndromes, the natural history and exact evolution of clinical, and psychosocial aspects are largely unknown. In March, 2018 we launched a prospective data registry- the LD Lync. The registry will be expanded to multiple centers across the US to ensure maximum number of participants. Anticipated sample size is 500. The goal is to collect data on various aspects of lipodystrophy syndromes (LD) including demographic, morphometric, clinical, genetic, socioeconomic characteristics and novel patient related end points such as quality of life, hunger and pain scales, mood and anxiety, and eating habits. During the past 8 months, we initiated the pilot data collection at our center. As of this month, we collected data on 61 affected individuals (49F/12 M, mean±SD Age: 44±15, with 4 acquired generalized LD (AGL), 3 acquired partial LD (APL), 48 familial partial LD (FPLD), 1 congenital generalized LD (CGL), 5 atypical LD). The median (IQR) difference between symptoms onset and time of diagnosis was 14y (24). The prevalence (95%CI) of diabetes, hypertriglyceridemia, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease were 83% (71-92), 81% (69-90), and 78% (67-89) respectively. In terms of significant organ manifestations, 10% (95%CI:2-18) had myocardial infarction, 3% (0-8) had heart failure, 23% (14-35) had pancreatitis, and 8% (1-16) had malignancy. The (Median: IQR) age of diagnosis of these diseases was heterogeneous: diabetes 31y (26), hypercholesterolemia 27y (20), hypertriglyceridemia 25y (17), fatty liver disease 33y (31), and myocardial infarction 50y (16) . Out of 60 patients, 70% (58-82) are on lipid lowering drugs, 77% (66-87) on glucose lowering drugs, 37% (24-49) on hormones, and 68% (57-80) on anti-hypertensives. Out of the 61 who completed the GAD-7, IPAQ-2002, Modified 13 item binge eating scale, SF-36 scale, PHQ-9, and the perceived financial burden scale, 33% (95% CI, 21-45) had minimal anxiety, 28.3% (17-40) had mild anxiety, 20% (10-30) had moderate anxiety, and 18% (8-28) had severe anxiety. On quality of life, with 100% being the perfect score, our patients had low scores mean(95%CI): 37%(34-40) on emotional wellbeing, 49% (43-55) on social functioning, 55% (48-62) on pain level, and 32% (27-37) on general health. On the financial impact of lipodystrophy: 46% (33-58) reported moderate or higher levels of burden. We conclude that the lipodystrophy syndromes present with a large burden not only in terms of known medical complications but also in socioeconomic and psychosocial aspects of life. Expansion of this registry to include multiple sites in the US and across the globe will improve our understanding of all aspects of these diseases.