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Bisht K, Brunck ME, Matsumoto T, McGirr C, Nowlan B, Fleming W, Keech T, Magor G, Perkins AC, Davies J, Walkinshaw G, Flippin L, Winkler IG, Levesque JP. HIF prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor FG-4497 enhances mouse hematopoietic stem cell mobilization via VEGFR2/KDR. Blood Adv 2019; 3:406-418. [PMID: 30733301 PMCID: PMC6373754 DOI: 10.1182/bloodadvances.2018017566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In normoxia, hypoxia-inducible transcription factors (HIFs) are rapidly degraded within the cytoplasm as a consequence of their prolyl hydroxylation by oxygen-dependent prolyl hydroxylase domain (PHD) enzymes. We have previously shown that hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells (HSPCs) require HIF-1 for effective mobilization in response to granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and CXCR4 antagonist AMD3100/plerixafor. Conversely, HIF PHD inhibitors that stabilize HIF-1 protein in vivo enhance HSPC mobilization in response to G-CSF or AMD3100 in a cell-intrinsic manner. We now show that extrinsic mechanisms involving vascular endothelial growth factor receptor-2 (VEGFR2), via bone marrow (BM) endothelial cells, are also at play. PTK787/vatalanib, a tyrosine kinase inhibitor selective for VEGFR1 and VEGFR2, and neutralizing anti-VEGFR2 monoclonal antibody DC101 blocked enhancement of HSPC mobilization by FG-4497. VEGFR2 was absent on mesenchymal and hematopoietic cells and was detected only in Sca1+ endothelial cells in the BM. We propose that HIF PHD inhibitor FG-4497 enhances HSPC mobilization by stabilizing HIF-1α in HSPCs as previously demonstrated, as well as by activating VEGFR2 signaling in BM endothelial cells, which facilitates HSPC egress from the BM into the circulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kavita Bisht
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Marion E Brunck
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Taichi Matsumoto
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Pharmacological Sciences, Fukuoka University, Fukuoka, Japan
| | - Crystal McGirr
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Bianca Nowlan
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Whitney Fleming
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Thomas Keech
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Graham Magor
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Andrew C Perkins
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | - Julie Davies
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
| | | | | | - Ingrid G Winkler
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Levesque
- Cancer Care and Biology Program, Mater Research Institute-The University of Queensland, Translational Research Institute, Woolloongabba, QLD, Australia
- Faculty of Medicine, The University of Queensland, Herston, QLD, Australia
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Deveson IW, Brunck ME, Blackburn J, Tseng E, Hon T, Clark TA, Clark MB, Crawford J, Dinger ME, Nielsen LK, Mattick JS, Mercer TR. Universal Alternative Splicing of Noncoding Exons. Cell Syst 2018; 6:245-255.e5. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cels.2017.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2017] [Revised: 10/18/2017] [Accepted: 12/08/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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Steffani-Vallejo JL, Brunck ME, Acosta-Cruz EY, Montiel R, Barona-Gómez F. Genomic insights into Mycobacterium simiae human colonization. Stand Genomic Sci 2018; 13:1. [PMID: 29340007 PMCID: PMC5759803 DOI: 10.1186/s40793-017-0291-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium simiae (Karassova V, Weissfeiler J, Kraszanay E, Acta Microbiol Acad Sci Hung 12:275-82, 1965) is a slow-growing nontuberculous Mycobacterium species found in environmental niches, and recently evidenced as an opportunistic Human pathogen. We report here the genome of a clinical isolate of M. simiae (MsiGto) obtained from a patient in Guanajuato, Mexico. With a size of 6,684,413 bp, the genomic sequence of strain MsiGto is the largest of the three M. simiae genomes reported to date. Gene prediction revealed 6409 CDSs in total, including 6354 protein-coding genes and 52 RNA genes. Comparative genomic analysis identified shared features between strain MsiGto and the other two reported M. simiae genomes, as well as unique genes. Our data reveals that M. simiae MsiGto harbors virulence-related genes, such as arcD, ESAT-6, and those belonging to the antigen 85 complex and mce clusters, which may explain its successful transition to the human host. We expect the genome information of strain MsiGto will provide a better understanding of infective mechanisms and virulence of this emergent pathogen.
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Affiliation(s)
- José L. Steffani-Vallejo
- Evolution of Metabolic Diversity Laboratory, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), Cinvestav-IPN, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Marion E. Brunck
- Centro de Biotecnología FEMSA, Escuela de Ingeniería y Ciencias, Tecnológico de Monterrey, Monterrey, Mexico
| | - Erika Y. Acosta-Cruz
- Evolution of Metabolic Diversity Laboratory, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), Cinvestav-IPN, Irapuato, Mexico
- Paleogenomics Laboratory, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), Cinvestav-IPN, Irapuato, Mexico
- Present address: Laboratorio de Biología Molecular, Facultad de Ciencias Químicas, Universidad Autónoma de Coahuila, Saltillo, Mexico
| | - Rafael Montiel
- Paleogenomics Laboratory, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), Cinvestav-IPN, Irapuato, Mexico
| | - Francisco Barona-Gómez
- Evolution of Metabolic Diversity Laboratory, Unidad de Genómica Avanzada (Langebio), Cinvestav-IPN, Irapuato, Mexico
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Nowlan B, Futrega K, Brunck ME, Walkinshaw G, Flippin LE, Doran MR, Levesque JP. HIF-1α-stabilizing agent FG-4497 rescues human CD34 + cell mobilization in response to G-CSF in immunodeficient mice. Exp Hematol 2017; 52:50-55.e6. [PMID: 28527810 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2017.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) is used routinely in the clinical setting to mobilize hematopoietic stem progenitor cells (HSPCs) into the patient's blood for collection and subsequent transplantation. However, a significant proportion of patients who have previously received chemotherapy or radiotherapy and require autologous HSPC transplantation cannot mobilize the minimal threshold of mobilized HSPCs to achieve rapid and successful hematopoietic reconstitution. Although several alternatives to the G-CSF regime have been tested, few are used in the clinical setting. We have shown previously in mice that administration of prolyl 4-hydroxylase domain enzyme (PHD) inhibitors, which stabilize hypoxia-inducible factor (HIF)-1α, synergize with G-CSF in vivo to enhance mouse HSPC mobilization into blood, leading to enhanced engraftment via an HSPC-intrinsic mechanism. To evaluate whether PHD inhibitors could be used to enhance mobilization of human HSPCs, we humanized nonobese, diabetic severe combined immune-deficient Il2rg-/- mice by transplanting them with human umbilical cord blood CD34+ HSPCs and then treating them with G-CSF with and without co-administration of the PHD inhibitor FG-4497. We observed that combination treatment with G-CSF and FG-4497 resulted in significant mobilization of human lineage-negative (Lin-) CD34+ HSPCs and more primitive human Lin-CD34+CD38- HSPCs into blood and spleen, whereas mice treated with G-CSF alone did not mobilize human HSPCs significantly. These results suggest that the PHD inhibitor FG-4497 also increases human HSPC mobilization in a xenograft mouse model, suggesting the possibility of testing PHD inhibitors to boost HSPC mobilization in response to G-CSF in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca Nowlan
- Stem Cell Therapies Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia; Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Kathryn Futrega
- Stem Cell Therapies Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marion E Brunck
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | | | | | - Michael R Doran
- Stem Cell Therapies Laboratory, Translational Research Institute, Queensland University of Technology, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia; Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia; Australian National Centre for the Public Awareness of Science - Australian National University, Australia.
| | - Jean-Pierre Levesque
- Mater Research Institute, Translational Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia.
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Jacobsen RN, Nowlan B, Brunck ME, Barbier V, Winkler IG, Levesque JP. Fms-like tyrosine kinase 3 (Flt3) ligand depletes erythroid island macrophages and blocks medullar erythropoiesis in the mouse. Exp Hematol 2015; 44:207-12.e4. [PMID: 26607596 DOI: 10.1016/j.exphem.2015.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2015] [Revised: 10/15/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The cytokines granulocyte colony-stimulating factor (G-CSF) and Flt3 ligand (Flt3-L) mobilize hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells into the peripheral blood of primates, humans, and mice. We recently reported that G-CSF administration causes a transient blockade of medullar erythropoiesis by suppressing erythroblastic island (EI) macrophages in the bone marrow. In the study described here, we investigated the effect of mobilizing doses of Flt3-L on erythropoiesis in mice in vivo. Similar to G-CSF, Flt3-L caused whitening of the bone marrow with significant reduction in the numbers of EI macrophages and erythroblasts. This was compensated by an increase in the numbers of EI macrophages and erythroblasts in the spleen. However, unlike G-CSF, Flt3-L had an indirect effect on EI macrophages, as it was not detected at the surface of EI macrophages or erythroid progenitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca N Jacobsen
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia
| | - Bianca Nowlan
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Marion E Brunck
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Valerie Barbier
- Stem Cells and Cancer Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Ingrid G Winkler
- Stem Cells and Cancer Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia
| | - Jean-Pierre Levesque
- Stem Cell Biology Group, Mater Research Institute, University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, Queensland, Australia; School of Medicine, University of Queensland, Herston, Queensland, Australia.
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Mercer TR, Clark MB, Andersen SB, Brunck ME, Haerty W, Crawford J, Taft RJ, Nielsen LK, Dinger ME, Mattick JS. Genome-wide discovery of human splicing branchpoints. Genome Res 2015; 25:290-303. [PMID: 25561518 PMCID: PMC4315302 DOI: 10.1101/gr.182899.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 151] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
During the splicing reaction, the 5′ intron end is joined to the branchpoint nucleotide, selecting the next exon to incorporate into the mature RNA and forming an intron lariat, which is excised. Despite a critical role in gene splicing, the locations and features of human splicing branchpoints are largely unknown. We use exoribonuclease digestion and targeted RNA-sequencing to enrich for sequences that traverse the lariat junction and, by split and inverted alignment, reveal the branchpoint. We identify 59,359 high-confidence human branchpoints in >10,000 genes, providing a first map of splicing branchpoints in the human genome. Branchpoints are predominantly adenosine, highly conserved, and closely distributed to the 3′ splice site. Analysis of human branchpoints reveals numerous novel features, including distinct features of branchpoints for alternatively spliced exons and a family of conserved sequence motifs overlapping branchpoints we term B-boxes, which exhibit maximal nucleotide diversity while maintaining interactions with the keto-rich U2 snRNA. Different B-box motifs exhibit divergent usage in vertebrate lineages and associate with other splicing elements and distinct intron–exon architectures, suggesting integration within a broader regulatory splicing code. Lastly, although branchpoints are refractory to common mutational processes and genetic variation, mutations occurring at branchpoint nucleotides are enriched for disease associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tim R Mercer
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - Michael B Clark
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia; MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Stacey B Andersen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Marion E Brunck
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Wilfried Haerty
- MRC Functional Genomics Unit, Department of Physiology, Anatomy, and Genetics, University of Oxford, Oxford OX1 3PT, United Kingdom
| | - Joanna Crawford
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Ryan J Taft
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia; Illumina, Inc., San Diego, California 92122, USA; School of Medicine and Health Services, Department of Integrated Systems Biology and Department of Pediatrics, George Washington University, Washington DC 20037, USA
| | - Lars K Nielsen
- Australian Institute for Bioengineering and Nanotechnology, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland 4072, Australia
| | - Marcel E Dinger
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia
| | - John S Mattick
- Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, New South Wales 2010, Australia; St. Vincent's Clinical School, Faculty of Medicine, UNSW Australia, Sydney, New South Wales 2052, Australia;
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