1
|
Ozenil M, Kogler L, Mair BA, Hacker M, Wadsak W, Rotstein BH, Pichler V. Intramolecular Friedel-Crafts Acylation of [ 11C]Isocyanates Enabling the Radiolabeling of [carbonyl- 11C]DPQ. Chemistry 2024:e202400581. [PMID: 38470445 DOI: 10.1002/chem.202400581] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2024] [Revised: 03/12/2024] [Accepted: 03/12/2024] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
α,β-aromatic lactams are highly abundant in biologically active molecules, yet so far they cannot be radiolabeled with short-lived (t1/2=20.3 min), β+-decaying carbon-11, which has prevented their application as positron emission tomography tracers. Herein, we developed, optimized, and applied a widely applicable, one-pot, quick, robust and automatable radiolabeling method for α,β-aromatic lactams starting from [11C]CO2 using the reagent POCl3⋅AlCl3. This method proceeds via intramolecular Friedel-Crafts acylation of in situ formed [11C]isocyanates and shows a broad substrate scope for the formation of five- and six-membered rings. We implemented our developed labeling method for the radiosynthesis of the potential PARP1 PET tracer [carbonyl-11C]DPQ in a clinical radiotracer production facility following the standards of the European Pharmacopoeia.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Ozenil
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Kogler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- CBmed GmbH-Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Stiftingtalstraße 5, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Braeden A Mair
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt, Ottawa, ON, K1 N 6 N5, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4 W7, Canada
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Waehringer Guertel 18-20, 1090, Vienna, Austria
- CBmed GmbH-Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Stiftingtalstraße 5, 8010, Graz, Austria
| | - Benjamin H Rotstein
- Department of Chemistry and Biomolecular Sciences, University of Ottawa, 10 Marie Curie Pvt, Ottawa, ON, K1 N 6 N5, Canada
- University of Ottawa Heart Institute, 40 Ruskin Street, Ottawa, ON, K1Y 4 W7, Canada
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Road, Ottawa, ON, K1H 8 M5, Canada
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Josef-Holaubek-Platz 2, 1090, Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Millard M, Kilian J, Ozenil M, Mogeritsch M, Schwingenschlögl-Maisetschläger V, Holzer W, Hacker M, Langer T, Pichler V. Design, synthesis and preclinical evaluation of muscarine receptor antagonists via a scaffold-hopping approach. Eur J Med Chem 2023; 262:115891. [PMID: 37897926 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2023.115891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 10/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023]
Abstract
Our research group recently identified a rearrangement product of pirenzepine as starting point for a comprehensive rational drug design approach towards orthosteric muscarinic acetylcholine receptor ligands. Chemical reduction and bioscaffold hop lead to the development of sixteen promising compounds featuring either a benzimidazole or carbamate moiety, all exhibiting comparable pharmacophoric characteristics. The synthesized compounds were characterized by NMR, HR-MS, and RP-HPLC techniques. Subsequent evaluation encompassed binding affinity assessment on CHO-hM1-5 cells, mode of action determination, and analysis of physico-chemical parameters. The CNS MPO score indicated favorable drug-like attributes and potential CNS activity for the antagonistic ligands. The most promising compounds displayed Ki-values within a desirable low nanomolar range, and their structural features allow for potential carbon-11 radiolabeling. Our optimization efforts resulted in compounds with a remarkable 138-fold increase in binding affinity compared to the previously mentioned rearrangement product towards human M5, suggesting their prospective utility in positron emission tomography applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marlon Millard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jonas Kilian
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marius Ozenil
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Mariella Mogeritsch
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Schwingenschlögl-Maisetschläger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Vienna Doctoral School of Pharmaceutical, Nutritional and Sport Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Schmitl S, Raitanen J, Witoszynskyj S, Patronas EM, Nics L, Ozenil M, Weissenböck V, Mindt TL, Hacker M, Wadsak W, Brandt MR, Mitterhauser M. Quality Assurance Investigations and Impurity Characterization during Upscaling of [ 177Lu]Lu-PSMA I&T. Molecules 2023; 28:7696. [PMID: 38067427 PMCID: PMC10707575 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28237696] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
[177Lu]Lu-PSMAI&T is widely used for the radioligand therapy of metastatic castration-resistant prostate cancer (mCRPC). Since this kind of therapy has gained a large momentum in recent years, an upscaled production process yielding multiple patient doses in one batch has been developed. During upscaling, the established production method as well as the HPLC quality control were challenged. A major finding was a correlation between the specific activity and the formation of a pre-peak, presumably caused by radiolysis. Hence, nonradioactive reference standards were irradiated with an X-ray source and the formed pre-peak was subsequently identified as a deiodination product by UPLC-MS. To confirm the occurrence of the same deiodinated side product in the routine batch, a customized deiodinated precursor was radiolabeled and analyzed with the same HPLC setup, revealing an identical retention time to the pre-peak in the formerly synthesized routine batches. Additionally, further cyclization products of [177Lu]Lu-PSMAI&T were identified as major contributors to radiochemical impurities. The comparison of two HPLC methods showed the likelihood of the overestimation of the radiochemical purity during the synthesis of [177Lu]Lu-PSMAI&T. Finally, a prospective cost reduction through an optimization of the production process was shown.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Schmitl
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Julia Raitanen
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, AKH Wien c/o Sekretariat Nuklearmedizin, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Vienna Doctoral School of Chemistry (DoSChem), University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Stephan Witoszynskyj
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Patronas
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Nics
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marius Ozenil
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Victoria Weissenböck
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas L. Mindt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, AKH Wien c/o Sekretariat Nuklearmedizin, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Joint Applied Medicinal Radiochemistry Facility, University of Vienna & Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie R. Brandt
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, AKH Wien c/o Sekretariat Nuklearmedizin, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Joint Applied Medicinal Radiochemistry Facility, University of Vienna & Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, AKH Wien c/o Sekretariat Nuklearmedizin, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
- Joint Applied Medicinal Radiochemistry Facility, University of Vienna & Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Kranz GS, Spies M, Vraka C, Kaufmann U, Klebermass EM, Handschuh PA, Ozenil M, Murgaš M, Pichler V, Rischka L, Nics L, Konadu ME, Ibeschitz H, Traub-Weidinger T, Wadsak W, Hahn A, Hacker M, Lanzenberger R. High-dose testosterone treatment reduces monoamine oxidase A levels in the human brain: A preliminary report. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2021; 133:105381. [PMID: 34416504 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2021.105381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/03/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
The sex hormones testosterone and estradiol influence brain structure and function and are implicated in the pathogenesis, prevalence and disease course of major depression. Recent research employing gender-affirming hormone treatment (GHT) of gender dysphoric individuals and utilizing positron emission tomography (PET) indicates increased serotonin transporter binding upon high-dosages of testosterone treatment. Here, we investigated the effects of GHT on levels of monoamine oxidase A (MAO-A), another key target of antidepressant treatment. Participants underwent PET with the radioligand [11C]harmine to assess cerebral MAO-A distribution volumes (VT) before and four months after initiation of GHT. By the time this study was terminated for technical reasons, 18 transgender individuals undergoing GHT (11 transmen, TM and 7 transwomen, TW) and 17 cis-gender subjects had been assessed. Preliminary analysis of available data revealed statistically significant MAO-A VT reductions in TM under testosterone treatment in six of twelve a priori defined regions of interest (middle frontal cortex (-10%), anterior cingulate cortex (-9%), medial cingulate cortex (-10.5%), insula (-8%), amygdala (-9%) and hippocampus (-8.5%, all p<0.05)). MAO-A VT did not change in TW receiving estrogen treatment. Despite the limited sample size, pronounced MAO-A VT reduction could be observed, pointing towards a potential effect of testosterone. Considering MAO-A's central role in regulation of serotonergic neurotransmission, changes to MAO-A VT should be further investigated as a possible mechanism by which testosterone mediates risk for, symptomatology of, and treatment response in affective disorders.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Georg S Kranz
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong SAR , China; Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Marie Spies
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Chrysoula Vraka
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Ulrike Kaufmann
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Eva-Maria Klebermass
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Biopharmaceutics, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Patricia A Handschuh
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Marius Ozenil
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Matej Murgaš
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Lucas Rischka
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Nics
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Melisande E Konadu
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Harald Ibeschitz
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatjana Traub-Weidinger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Andreas Hahn
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Ozenil M, Aronow J, Millard M, Langer T, Wadsak W, Hacker M, Pichler V. Update on PET Tracer Development for Muscarinic Acetylcholine Receptors. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2021; 14:530. [PMID: 34199622 PMCID: PMC8229778 DOI: 10.3390/ph14060530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 05/29/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The muscarinic cholinergic system regulates peripheral and central nervous system functions, and, thus, their potential as a therapeutic target for several neurodegenerative diseases is undoubted. A clinically applicable positron emission tomography (PET) tracer would facilitate the monitoring of disease progression, elucidate the role of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChR) in disease development and would aid to clarify the diverse natural functions of mAChR regulation throughout the nervous system, which still are largely unresolved. Still, no mAChR PET tracer has yet found broad clinical application, which demands mAChR tracers with improved imaging properties. This paper reviews strategies of mAChR PET tracer design and summarizes the binding properties and preclinical evaluation of recent mAChR tracer candidates. Furthermore, this work identifies the current major challenges in mAChR PET tracer development and provides a perspective on future developments in this area of research.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Ozenil
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (M.O.); (J.A.); (W.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Jonas Aronow
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (M.O.); (J.A.); (W.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Marlon Millard
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (M.M.); (T.L.)
| | - Thierry Langer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (M.M.); (T.L.)
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (M.O.); (J.A.); (W.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-Guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (M.O.); (J.A.); (W.W.); (M.H.)
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Division of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, University of Vienna, 1090 Wien, Austria; (M.M.); (T.L.)
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Ozenil M, Pacher K, Balber T, Vraka C, Roller A, Holzer W, Spreitzer H, Mitterhauser M, Wadsak W, Hacker M, Pichler V. Enhanced arecoline derivatives as muscarinic acetylcholine receptor M1 ligands for potential application as PET radiotracers. Eur J Med Chem 2020; 204:112623. [PMID: 32717485 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejmech.2020.112623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Supported by their involvement in many neurodegenerative disorders, muscarinic acetylcholine receptors (mAChRs) are an interesting target for PET imaging. Nevertheless, no radiotracer is established in clinical routine. Within this work we aim to develop novel PET tracers based on the structure of arecoline. Fifteen novel arecoline derivatives were synthesized, characterized and tested for their affinity to the mAChRs M1-M5 and the conceivable off-target acetylcholinesterase. Five arecoline derivatives and arecoline were labeled with carbon-11 in good yields. Arecaidine diphenylmethyl ester (3b), arecaidine bis(4-fluorophenyl)methyl ester (3c) and arecaidine (4-bromophenyl)(4-fluorophenyl)methyl ester (3e) showed a tremendous gain in mAChR affinity compared to arecoline and a pronounced subtype selectivity for M1. Metabolic stability and serum protein binding of [11C]3b and [11C]3c were in line with properties of established brain tracers. Nonspecific binding of [11C]3c was prevalent in kinetic and endpoint experiment on living cells as well as in autoradiography on native mouse brain sections, which motivates us to decrease the lipophilicity of this substance class prior to in vivo experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Marius Ozenil
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Pacher
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Theresa Balber
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chrysoula Vraka
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Roller
- X-ray Structure Analysis Centre, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Holzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Helmut Spreitzer
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria; CBmed GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria
| | - Verena Pichler
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Harringer S, Happl B, Ozenil M, Kast C, Hejl M, Wernitznig D, Legin AA, Schweikert A, Gajic N, Roller A, Koellensperger G, Jakupec MA, Kandioller W, Keppler BK. Synthesis, Modification, and Biological Evaluation of a Library of Novel Water-Soluble Thiopyridone-Based Organometallic Complexes and Their Unexpected (Biological) Behavior. Chemistry 2020; 26:5419-5433. [PMID: 31958176 PMCID: PMC7217150 DOI: 10.1002/chem.201905546] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
A series of 16 dinuclear thiopyridone-based organometallics with excellent water solubility, increased stability and remarkable cytotoxicity were synthesized and characterized. The complexes of this work formed dimeric species featuring a double positive charge in polar protic solvents, accounting for their outstanding solubility in aqueous solution. Most of them displayed higher antiproliferative activity than their parental thiomaltol complex, with unexpected cytotoxicity trends depending on the employed metal center, ligand modification, and cell line. Insights into their behavior in biological systems were gathered by means of amino-acid interaction studies, cytotoxicity tests in 3D spheroid models, laser ablation, cellular accumulation measurements, as well as cell cycle experiments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sophia Harringer
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Barbara Happl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute Applied DiagnosticsGeneral Hospital of ViennaWaehringer Guertel 18–201090ViennaAustria
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided TherapyDivision of Nuclear MedicineMedical University of ViennaSpitalgasse 231090ViennaAustria
| | - Marius Ozenil
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided TherapyDivision of Nuclear MedicineMedical University of ViennaSpitalgasse 231090ViennaAustria
| | - Caroline Kast
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Michaela Hejl
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Debora Wernitznig
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Anton A. Legin
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Andreas Schweikert
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Natalie Gajic
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Alexander Roller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Gunda Koellensperger
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 381090ViennaAustria
| | - Michael A. Jakupec
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”Waehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Wolfgang Kandioller
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”Waehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| | - Bernhard K. Keppler
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of ChemistryUniversity of ViennaWaehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
- Research Cluster “Translational Cancer Therapy Research”Waehringer Strasse 421090ViennaAustria
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Pichler V, Ozenil M, Bamminger K, Vraka C, Hacker M, Langer O, Wadsak W. Pitfalls and solutions of the fully-automated radiosynthesis of [ 11C]metoclopramide. EJNMMI Radiopharm Chem 2019; 4:31. [PMID: 31853677 PMCID: PMC6920278 DOI: 10.1186/s41181-019-0083-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background [11C]Metoclopramide is a new radiotracer for investigating the activity of P-glycoprotein at the blood-brain barrier. A highly stable and reproducible radiosynthesis is a prerequisite for clinical studies applying [11C]metoclopramide or other 11C-labelled radiotracers, therefore all potential pitfalls must be identified and monitored to allow a stable process. Results Long-term production (n = 94 in a time range of approximately 2 years) of [11C]metoclopramide synthesized on two commercially available synthesizers yielded 3.9 ± 2.0 GBq of product with a molar activity of 132 ± 164 GBq/μmol and an overall success rate of 93%. During all successful productions, the product quality was in accordance with the recommendations of the European Pharmacopoeia. The most common pitfalls that were identified for the radiosynthesis included poor turnover into [11C]CH3OTf, decomposition of the solvent or insufficient semi-preparative HPLC performance. Conclusion The study provides long-term insight in the improved, robust and stable preparation of [11C]metoclopramide for human use.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Pichler
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Marius Ozenil
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Karsten Bamminger
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, CBmed GmbH, Graz, Austria
| | - Chrysoula Vraka
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Langer
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Preclinical Molecular Imaging, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria.,Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Division of Nuclear Medicine, Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.,Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, CBmed GmbH, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Pichler V, Zenz T, Philippe C, Vraka C, Berrotéran-Infante N, Pfaff S, Nics L, Ozenil M, Langer O, Willeit M, Traub-Weidinger T, Lanzenberger R, Mitterhauser M, Hacker M, Wadsak W. Molar activity - The keystone in 11C-radiochemistry: An explorative study using the gas phase method. Nucl Med Biol 2018; 67:21-26. [PMID: 30380463 DOI: 10.1016/j.nucmedbio.2018.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 09/28/2018] [Accepted: 09/29/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Radiochemists/radiopharmacists, involved in the preparation of radiopharmaceuticals are regularly confronted with the requirement of continuous high quality productions in their day-to-day business. One of these requirements is high specific or molar activity of the radiotracer in order to avoid e.g. receptor saturation and pharmacological or even toxic effects of the applied tracer for positron emission tomography. In the case of 11C-labeled radiotracers, the reasons for low molar activity are manifold and often the search for potential 12C-contaminations is time-consuming. METHODS In this study, diverse 12C-contaminations were analyzed and quantified, which occurred during >450 syntheses of six PET tracers using [11C]CO2 or [11C]CH3I generated via the gas phase method in a commercially available synthesizer. Additionally, non-radioactive syntheses were performed in order to identify the origins of carbon-12. RESULTS The manifold contributions to low molar activity can be attributed to three main categories, namely technical parameters (e.g. quality of target gases, reagents or tubings), inter/intralaboratory parameters (e.g. maintenance interval, burden of the module, etc.) and interoperator parameters (e.g. handling of the module). CONCLUSION Our study provides a better understanding of different factors contributing to the overall carbon load of a synthesis module, which facilitates maintenance of high molar activity of carbon-11-labeled radiopharmaceuticals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Verena Pichler
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| | - Thomas Zenz
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Cécile Philippe
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Chrysoula Vraka
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Neydher Berrotéran-Infante
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sarah Pfaff
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Lukas Nics
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marius Ozenil
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Oliver Langer
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Center for Health and Bioresources, AIT Austrian Institute of Technology GmbH, Seibersdorf, Austria
| | - Matthäus Willeit
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatjana Traub-Weidinger
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rupert Lanzenberger
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, Division of General Psychiatry, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Markus Mitterhauser
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; Ludwig-Boltzmann-Institute Applied Diagnostics, Vienna, Austria
| | - Marcus Hacker
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Wolfgang Wadsak
- Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image-guided Therapy, Division of Nuclear Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria; CBmed GmbH - Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|