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Kapoor B, Jenkins J, Schmutz J, Zhebentyayeva T, Kuelheim C, Coggeshall M, Heim C, Lasky JR, Leites L, Islam-Faridi N, Romero-Severson J, DeLeo VL, Lucas SM, Lazic D, Gailing O, Carlson J, Staton M. A haplotype-resolved chromosome-scale genome for Quercus rubra L. provides insights into the genetics of adaptive traits for red oak species. G3 (Bethesda) 2023; 13:jkad209. [PMID: 37708394 PMCID: PMC10627279 DOI: 10.1093/g3journal/jkad209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2023] [Revised: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 09/01/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023]
Abstract
Northern red oak (Quercus rubra L.) is an ecologically and economically important forest tree native to North America. We present a chromosome-scale genome of Q. rubra generated by the combination of PacBio sequences and chromatin conformation capture (Hi-C) scaffolding. This is the first reference genome from the red oak clade (section Lobatae). The Q. rubra assembly spans 739 Mb with 95.27% of the genome in 12 chromosomes and 33,333 protein-coding genes. Comparisons to the genomes of Quercus lobata and Quercus mongolica revealed high collinearity, with intrachromosomal structural variants present. Orthologous gene family analysis with other tree species revealed that gene families associated with defense response were expanding and contracting simultaneously across the Q. rubra genome. Quercus rubra had the most CC-NBS-LRR and TIR-NBS-LRR resistance genes out of the 9 species analyzed. Terpene synthase gene family comparisons further reveal tandem gene duplications in TPS-b subfamily, similar to Quercus robur. Phylogenetic analysis also identified 4 subfamilies of the IGT/LAZY gene family in Q. rubra important for plant structure. Single major QTL regions were identified for vegetative bud break and marcescence, which contain candidate genes for further research, including a putative ortholog of the circadian clock constituent cryptochrome (CRY2) and 8 tandemly duplicated genes for serine protease inhibitors, respectively. Genome-environment associations across natural populations identified candidate abiotic stress tolerance genes and predicted performance in a common garden. This high-quality red oak genome represents an essential resource to the oak genomic community, which will expedite comparative genomics and biological studies in Quercus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Beant Kapoor
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
| | - Jerry Jenkins
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Jeremy Schmutz
- Genome Sequencing Center, HudsonAlpha Institute for Biotechnology, Huntsville, AL 35806, USA
| | - Tatyana Zhebentyayeva
- Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40506, USA
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Carsten Kuelheim
- College of Forest Resources and Environmental Science, Michigan Tech University, Houghton, MI 49931, USA
| | - Mark Coggeshall
- College of Agriculture, Food and Natural Resources, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211, USA
| | - Chris Heim
- Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Jesse R Lasky
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Laura Leites
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Nurul Islam-Faridi
- Forest Tree Molecular Cytogenetics Laboratory, USDA-FS, SRS-4160, Department of Ecology & Conservation Biology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA
| | | | - Victoria L DeLeo
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Sarah M Lucas
- Department of Biology, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Desanka Lazic
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony 37077, Germany
| | - Oliver Gailing
- Department of Forest Genetics and Forest Tree Breeding, University of Göttingen, Göttingen, Lower Saxony 37077, Germany
| | - John Carlson
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Margaret Staton
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USA
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Mytych JS, Pan Z, Lopez-Davis C, Lawrence C, James J, Popescu N, Coggeshall M, Farris D. Bacillus anthracis peptidoglycan alters human M2-like macrophage phenotype and efferocytic function in the presence of human serum. The Journal of Immunology 2022. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.208.supp.161.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
Bacillus anthracis peptidoglycan (PGN) is a major component of the bacterial cell wall and a key pathogen associated molecular pattern contributing to anthrax pathology including coagulopathy in late stage disease. Lymphocyte apoptosis is an established phenomenon in bacterial sepsis, including fulminant anthrax. Clearance of apoptotic cells (efferocytosis) is thought to be mediated by tissue-resident macrophages (MF), modeled in vitro as M2-like MF. Circulating innate cells need serum opsonization of PGN for cellular activation, but opsonization requirements for human MF activation have not been reported. Herein, we tested the hypothesis that PGN requires human serum opsonization for MF activation and inhibits human M2-like MF efferocytosis of apoptotic human neutrophils.
MF were differentiated in vitro with M-CSF and polarized to M2 phenotype with dexamethasone. Cytokine and soluble receptor levels were assessed by ELISA and Luminex assays. Cell surface markers and fraction of MF containing fluorescently-labeled apoptotic human neutrophils were assessed by flow cytometry. M2-like MF recognition of PGN was enhanced in the presence of human but not bovine serum, noted by increased secretion of TNF-a and IL-10 in PGN-treated culture supernatants. Efferocytosis, and cell surface expression of MerTK, Tyro3, Axl, αVβ5, CD36 and Tim-3, all pro-efferocytic receptors, was significantly downregulated by pre-treatment of MF with PGN. Increases in soluble pro-efferocytic receptors were detected in PGN-treated MF culture supernatants.
We conclude that PGN impairs efferocytosis by human M2-like macrophages, likely by down-regulating the expression of cell surface receptors known to signal apoptotic cell engulfment.
Supported by NIH (U19AI062629).
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Affiliation(s)
- Josh S Mytych
- 1Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, OKLAHOMA MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION
- 2Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
| | - Zijian Pan
- 1Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, OKLAHOMA MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION
| | | | - Christina Lawrence
- 1Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, OKLAHOMA MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION
| | - Judith James
- 1Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, OKLAHOMA MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION
| | - Narcis Popescu
- 1Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, OKLAHOMA MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION
| | - Mark Coggeshall
- 1Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, OKLAHOMA MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION
| | - Darise Farris
- 1Arthritis and Clinical Immunology, OKLAHOMA MEDICAL RESEARCH FOUNDATION
- 2Microbiology and Immunology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center
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3
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Wu D, Koch J, Coggeshall M, Carlson J. The first genetic linkage map for Fraxinus pennsylvanica and syntenic relationships with four related species. Plant Mol Biol 2019; 99:251-264. [PMID: 30604323 DOI: 10.1007/s11103-018-0815-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2018] [Accepted: 12/15/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The genetic linkage map for green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) contains 1201 DNA markers in 23 linkage groups spanning 2008.87cM. The green ash map shows stronger synteny with coffee than tomato. Green ash (Fraxinus pennsylvanica) is an outcrossing, diploid (2n = 46) hardwood tree species, native to North America. Native ash species in North America are being threatened by the rapid spread of the emerald ash borer (EAB, Agrilus planipennis), an invasive pest from Asia. Green ash, the most widely distributed ash species, is severely affected by EAB infestation, yet few genomic resources for genetic studies and improvement of green ash are available. In this study, a total of 5712 high quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were discovered using a minimum allele frequency of 1% across the entire genome through genotyping-by-sequencing. We also screened hundreds of genomic- and EST-based microsatellite markers (SSRs) from previous de novo assemblies (Staton et al., PLoS ONE 10:e0145031, 2015; Lane et al., BMC Genom 17:702, 2016). A first genetic linkage map of green ash was constructed from 90 individuals in a full-sib family, combining 2719 SNP and 84 SSR segregating markers among the parental maps. The consensus SNP and SSR map contains a total of 1201 markers in 23 linkage groups spanning 2008.87 cM, at an average inter-marker distance of 1.67 cM with a minimum logarithm of odds of 6 and maximum recombination fraction of 0.40. Comparisons of the organization the green ash map with the genomes of asterid species coffee and tomato, and genomes of the rosid species poplar and peach, showed areas of conserved gene order, with overall synteny strongest with coffee.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Wu
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA
| | - Jennifer Koch
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Project NRS-16, 359 Main Road, Delaware, OH, 43015, USA
| | - Mark Coggeshall
- Department of Forestry, Center for Agroforestry, University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, 65211, USA
- USDA Forest Service, Northern Research Station, Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center, Project NRS-14, 715 W. State Street, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA
| | - John Carlson
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, 16802, USA.
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4
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Oren E, Klingeman W, Gazis R, Moulton J, Lambdin P, Coggeshall M, Hulcr J, Seybold SJ, Hadziabdic D. A novel molecular toolkit for rapid detection of the pathogen and primary vector of thousand cankers disease. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0185087. [PMID: 29304036 PMCID: PMC5755734 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0185087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2017] [Accepted: 09/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Thousand Cankers Disease (TCD) of Juglans and Pterocarya (Juglandaceae) involves a fungal pathogen, Geosmithia morbida, and a primary insect vector, Pityophthorus juglandis. TCD was described originally from dying Juglans nigra trees in the western United States (USA), but it was reported subsequently from the eastern USA and northern Italy. The disease is often difficult to diagnose due to the absence of symptoms or signs on the bark surface of the host. Furthermore, disease symptoms can be confused with those caused by other biotic and abiotic agents. Thus, there is a critical need for a method for rapid detection of the pathogen and vector of TCD. Using species-specific microsatellite DNA markers, we developed a molecular protocol for the detection of G. morbida and P. juglandis. To demonstrate the utility of the method for delineating TCD quarantine zones, we tested whether geographical occurrence of symptoms and signs of TCD was correlated with molecular evidence for the presence of the cryptic TCD organisms. A total of 1600 drill cores were taken from branch sections collected from three regions (n = 40 trees for each location): California-J. hindsii (heavy disease incidence); Tennessee-J. nigra (mild disease incidence); and outside the known TCD zone (Missouri-J. nigra, no record of the disease). California samples had the highest incidence of the TCD organisms (85%, 34/40). Tennessee had intermediate incidence (42.5%, 17/40), whereas neither organism was detected in samples from Missouri. The low cost molecular protocol developed here has a high degree of sensitivity and specificity, and it significantly reduces sample-processing time, making the protocol a powerful tool for rapid detection of TCD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emel Oren
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - William Klingeman
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Romina Gazis
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - John Moulton
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Paris Lambdin
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
| | - Mark Coggeshall
- USDA Forest Service, West Lafayette, IN, United States of America
| | - Jiri Hulcr
- School of Forest Resources and Conservation, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States of America
| | | | - Denita Hadziabdic
- Department of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, United States of America
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Utley C, Nguyen T, Roubtsova T, Coggeshall M, Ford TM, Grauke LJ, Graves AD, Leslie CA, McKenna J, Woeste K, Yaghmour MA, Seybold SJ, Bostock RM, Tisserat N. Susceptibility of Walnut and Hickory Species to Geosmithia morbida. Plant Dis 2013; 97:601-607. [PMID: 30722192 DOI: 10.1094/pdis-07-12-0636-re] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Thousand cankers disease (TCD) of walnut is a result of feeding in the phloem by the walnut twig beetle (WTB), Pityophthorus juglandis, and subsequent canker formation caused by Geosmithia morbida around galleries. TCD has caused extensive morbidity and mortality to Juglans nigra in the western United States and, in 2010, was discovered in the eastern United States, where the tree is a highly valuable timber resource. WTB and G. morbida also have been found in J. regia orchards throughout major production areas in California, and the numbers of damaged trees are increasing. We tested the susceptibility of walnut and hickory species to G. morbida in greenhouse and field studies. Carya illinoinensis, C. aquatica, and C. ovata were immune. All walnut species tested, including J. ailantifolia, J. californica, J. cinerea, J. hindsii, J. major, J. mandshurica, J. microcarpa, J. nigra, and J. regia, developed cankers following inoculation with G. morbida. J. nigra was the most susceptible, whereas J. major, a native host of the WTB and, presumably, G. morbida, had smaller and more superficial cankers. Canker formation differed among maternal half-sibling families of J. nigra and J. cinerea, indicating genetic variability in resistance to G. morbida. Our inoculation studies with G. morbida have corroborated many of the field observations on susceptibility of walnut and hickory species to TCD, although the ability of the WTB to successfully attack and breed in walnut is also an important component in TCD resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Curtis Utley
- Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins
| | - Tivonne Nguyen
- Department of Plant Pathology, University of California, Davis
| | | | - Mark Coggeshall
- Department of Forestry/Center for Agroforestry, University Missouri, Columbia
| | - Tim M Ford
- Improving Perennial Plants for Food and Bioenergy, Inc., Hyde Park, UT
| | - L J Grauke
- United States Department of Agriculture (USDA) Agricultural Research Service Pecan Breeding & Genetics, Somerville, TX
| | - Andrew D Graves
- USDA Forest Service, Forest Health Protection, Albuquerque, NM
| | - Charles A Leslie
- Walnut Improvement Program, Department of Plant Sciences, University of California, Davis
| | - James McKenna
- USDA Forest Service Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | - Keith Woeste
- USDA Forest Service Hardwood Tree Improvement and Regeneration Center, Department of Forestry and Natural Resources, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN
| | | | - Steven J Seybold
- USDA Forest Service, Pacific Southwest Research Station, Davis, CA
| | | | - Ned Tisserat
- Bioagricultural Sciences and Pest Management, Colorado State University, Ft. Collins
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7
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Zhong W, Zen Q, Tebo J, Schlottmann K, Coggeshall M, Mortensen RF. Effect of human C-reactive protein on chemokine and chemotactic factor-induced neutrophil chemotaxis and signaling. J Immunol 1998; 161:2533-40. [PMID: 9725253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a unique serum pentraxin and the prototype acute phase reactant. CRP is a ligand for specific receptors on phagocytic leukocytes, and mediates activation reactions of monocytes/macrophages, but inhibits the respiratory burst of neutrophils (PMN). Since CRP selectively accumulates at inflammatory sites in which IL-8 is also produced, we tested the effects of CRP on the responsiveness of PMN to IL-8 and the bacterial chemotactic peptide, FMLP-phenylalanine (FMLPP). Purified human CRP inhibited the chemotactic response of PMN to IL-8 and FMLPP. A mouse IgM mAb that was generated against the leukocyte CRP receptor (CRP-R) also inhibited the chemotactic response. Incubation of purified CRP with activated PMN generated CRP-derived peptides that also inhibited chemotaxis. A synthetic CRP peptide (residues 27-38) that binds to the CRP-R had weak chemotactic activity, whereas two other CRP synthetic peptides (residues 174-185 and 191-205) inhibited chemotaxis of PMNs to both IL-8 and FMLPP. CRP did not alter receptor-specific binding of IL-8, but exerted its effect at the level of signaling. CRP augmented both IL-8- and FMLPP-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2) activity. CRP at acute phase levels increased both agonist-induced and noninduced phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase activity. The results suggest a role for CRP as a regulator of leukocyte infiltration at inflammatory sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- W Zhong
- Department of Microbiology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus 43210, USA
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8
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Zhong W, Zen Q, Tebo J, Schlottmann K, Coggeshall M, Mortensen RF. Effect of Human C-Reactive Protein on Chemokine and Chemotactic Factor-Induced Neutrophil Chemotaxis and Signaling. The Journal of Immunology 1998. [DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.161.5.2533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Abstract
C-reactive protein (CRP) is a unique serum pentraxin and the prototype acute phase reactant. CRP is a ligand for specific receptors on phagocytic leukocytes, and mediates activation reactions of monocytes/macrophages, but inhibits the respiratory burst of neutrophils (PMN). Since CRP selectively accumulates at inflammatory sites in which IL-8 is also produced, we tested the effects of CRP on the responsiveness of PMN to IL-8 and the bacterial chemotactic peptide, FMLP-phenylalanine (FMLPP). Purified human CRP inhibited the chemotactic response of PMN to IL-8 and FMLPP. A mouse IgM mAb that was generated against the leukocyte CRP receptor (CRP-R) also inhibited the chemotactic response. Incubation of purified CRP with activated PMN generated CRP-derived peptides that also inhibited chemotaxis. A synthetic CRP peptide (residues 27–38) that binds to the CRP-R had weak chemotactic activity, whereas two other CRP synthetic peptides (residues 174–185 and 191–205) inhibited chemotaxis of PMNs to both IL-8 and FMLPP. CRP did not alter receptor-specific binding of IL-8, but exerted its effect at the level of signaling. CRP augmented both IL-8- and FMLPP-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase (extracellular signal-regulated kinase-2) activity. CRP at acute phase levels increased both agonist-induced and noninduced phosphatidylinositol-3 kinase activity. The results suggest a role for CRP as a regulator of leukocyte infiltration at inflammatory sites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wangjian Zhong
- Department of Microbiology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Qin Zen
- Department of Microbiology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Julie Tebo
- Department of Microbiology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Klaus Schlottmann
- Department of Microbiology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Mark Coggeshall
- Department of Microbiology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Richard F. Mortensen
- Department of Microbiology and Comprehensive Cancer Center, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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Ruppert J, Alexander J, Snoke K, Coggeshall M, Herbert E, McKenzie D, Grey HM, Sette A. Effect of T-cell receptor antagonism on interaction between T cells and antigen-presenting cells and on T-cell signaling events. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 1993; 90:2671-5. [PMID: 8464874 PMCID: PMC46157 DOI: 10.1073/pnas.90.7.2671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
T-cell receptor (TCR) antagonism induced by complexes of antigen analogue with major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules results in efficient inhibition of antigen-dependent T-cell responses. We have investigated some of the possible mechanisms by which TCR antagonists bound to the MHC molecules of antigen-presenting cells (APCs) can inhibit T-cell activation. Using a nonstimulatory analogue of the antigenic peptide influenza hemagglutinin-(307-319), we showed that MHC/antagonist complexes completely inhibit very early intracellular events of antigen-dependent T-cell activation, such as inositol phosphate turnover and Ca2+ influx. In a parallel series of experiments, the effect of TCR antagonist peptide on membrane-related activation events was also investigated. It was found that MHC/antagonist complexes on the surface of APCs did not induce stable conjugates with T cells and, most interestingly, did not inhibit antigen-induced conjugate formation. Thus, our data suggest that antagonistic peptides do not interfere with the cellular events that are required for stable T-cell/APC conjugate formation but do inhibit early biochemical events required for T-cell proliferation. The data are discussed with respect to the role of surface receptor clustering in TCR antagonism.
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De Magistris MT, Alexander J, Coggeshall M, Altman A, Gaeta FC, Grey HM, Sette A. Antigen analog-major histocompatibility complexes act as antagonists of the T cell receptor. Cell 1992; 68:625-34. [PMID: 1739971 DOI: 10.1016/0092-8674(92)90139-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 387] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
A novel mechanism for inhibition of T cell responses is described. Using the recognition of the influenza hemagglutinin (HA) 307-319 peptide in the context of DR1 class II major histocompatibility complex molecules, we have found that nonstimulatory analogs of the HA peptide preferentially inhibit HA-specific T cells in inhibition of antigen presentation assays. This antigen-specific effect could be generalized to another DR1-restricted peptide, Tetanus toxoid 830-843. Direct binding and cellular experiments indicated that the mechanism responsible was distinct from competition for binding to DR1 molecules. Likewise, negative signaling and induction of T cell tolerance could also be excluded as effector mechanisms. Thus, the most likely mechanism for this effect is engagement of antigen-specific T cell receptors by DR1-peptide analog complexes, which results in antigen-specific competitive blocking of T cell responses by virtue of their capacity to compete with DR1-antigen complexes for binding to the T cell receptor.
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Beiermann MK, Coggeshall M, Gavin ML, Laughlin P, Palermo J, Torrey JA, Weidner J. AMTEC: a cooperative effort in medical technology education. Am J Med Technol 1978; 44:301-3. [PMID: 645768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
A committee in the St. Louis Metropolitan area has been established to promote communication and cooperation among the area's existing hospital-based programs in medical technology. Area Medical Technology Education Coordinators (AMTEC) was established three years ago primarily to facilitate the administrative functions of medical technology education and to serve as an instrument for the exchange of ideas. Its primary undertaking has been the central processing of applications to the area programs, as an aid in the admission process. In addition, a continuing education program sponsored by the committee has been established, and various "curriculum sharing" activities have been sponsored for the students enrolled in the schools. Future plans for the committee include sponsoring an on-going evaluation process of graduates by employers, and establishing a criterion-referenced question pool. The authors describe the experiences of the committee to date and plans for the implementation of future goals.
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Coggeshall M. INFLUENCE OF ACETIC, PROPIONIC, NORMAL BUTYRIC AND SULPHURIC ACIDS AND POTASSIUM ACETATE ON ELONGATION OF PRIMARY ROOTS OF SEEDLINGS OF WHITE LUPINE. Plant Physiol 1931; 6:389-445. [PMID: 16652721 PMCID: PMC440108 DOI: 10.1104/pp.6.3.389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
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