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Palm U, Obergfell M, Rabenstein A, Björklund J, Koller G, Padberg F, Rüther T. Transcranial direct current stimulation combined with a brief intervention for smoking cessation: a randomized double-blind clinical trial. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci 2023:10.1007/s00406-023-01705-8. [PMID: 37955682 DOI: 10.1007/s00406-023-01705-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 10/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
Non-invasive brain stimulation methods are currently being evaluated for treatment of addictive disorders. Some evidence indicates that modulating left and right prefrontal brain activity by transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) can reduce craving and relapse rates in tobacco addiction. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of active and sham tDCS as an add-on treatment to a standardized brief intervention for smoking cessation. This randomized, double-blind study included 36 participants (22 women and 14 men) with nicotine dependence according to ICD-10 criteria. At five visits on alternate days, participants underwent a 20-min active or sham tDCS over the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and subsequently participated in a 10-min brief intervention for smoking cessation. Patients were followed up after 3 months. On each treatment day and at follow-up, abstinence was assessed as the smoking status nonsmoker and craving was assessed with the German version of the Questionnaire on Smoking Urges. At each visit, the number of cigarettes smoked per day was recorded and carbon monoxide in expired air and cotinine in saliva were measured. At follow-up, a study-specific questionnaire was used to assess tobacco use. All 36 participants completed the treatment sessions, but one participant in each group was lost to follow-up. Abstinence rates were not significantly different between the groups at any of the study visits, but craving was significantly lower in the active group at tDCS session 5 compared with session 1. tDCS combined with a brief intervention may support smoking cessation, but studies need to evaluate whether longer and more intensive treatment can achieve significant, sustainable effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Palm
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
- Medical Park Chiemseeblick, Bernau-Felden, Germany
| | - Mark Obergfell
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Andrea Rabenstein
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Jonas Björklund
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Gabi Koller
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Frank Padberg
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany
| | - Tobias Rüther
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy, LMU University Hospital Munich, Nußbaumstraße 7, 80336, Munich, Germany.
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Bhattacharjee N, Sapozhnik AA, Bodnar SY, Grigorev VY, Agustsson SY, Cao J, Dominko D, Obergfell M, Gomonay O, Sinova J, Kläui M, Elmers HJ, Jourdan M, Demsar J. Retraction: Néel Spin-Orbit Torque Driven Antiferromagnetic Resonance in Mn_{2}Au Probed by Time-Domain THz Spectroscopy [Phys. Rev. Lett. 120, 237201 (2018)]. Phys Rev Lett 2020; 124:039901. [PMID: 32031846 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.124.039901] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Retraction of DOI: 10.1103/PhysRevLett.120.237201.
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Bhattacharjee N, Sapozhnik AA, Bodnar SY, Grigorev VY, Agustsson SY, Cao J, Dominko D, Obergfell M, Gomonay O, Sinova J, Kläui M, Elmers HJ, Jourdan M, Demsar J. Néel Spin-Orbit Torque Driven Antiferromagnetic Resonance in Mn_{2}Au Probed by Time-Domain THz Spectroscopy. Phys Rev Lett 2018; 120:237201. [PMID: 29932703 DOI: 10.1103/physrevlett.120.237201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
We observe the excitation of collective modes in the terahertz (THz) range driven by the recently discovered Néel spin-orbit torques (NSOTs) in the metallic antiferromagnet Mn_{2}Au. Temperature-dependent THz spectroscopy reveals a strong absorption mode centered near 1 THz, which upon heating from 4 to 450 K softens and loses intensity. A comparison with the estimated eigenmode frequencies implies that the observed mode is an in-plane antiferromagnetic resonance (AFMR). The AFMR absorption strength exceeds those found in antiferromagnetic insulators, driven by the magnetic field of the THz radiation, by 3 orders of magnitude. Based on this and the agreement with our theory modeling, we infer that the driving mechanism for the observed mode is the current-induced NSOT. Here the electric field component of the THz pulse drives an ac current in the metal, which subsequently drives the AFMR. This electric manipulation of the Néel order parameter at high frequencies makes Mn_{2}Au a prime candidate for antiferromagnetic ultrafast memory applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Bhattacharjee
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - A A Sapozhnik
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School of Excellence, Materials Science in Mainz (MAINZ), 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Yu Bodnar
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - V Yu Grigorev
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School of Excellence, Materials Science in Mainz (MAINZ), 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - S Y Agustsson
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Cao
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - D Dominko
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physics, Bijenička c. 46, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - M Obergfell
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - O Gomonay
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Sinova
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School of Excellence, Materials Science in Mainz (MAINZ), 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Institute of Physics ASCR, v.v.i., Cukrovarnicka 10, 162 53 Praha 6, Czech Republic
| | - M Kläui
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School of Excellence, Materials Science in Mainz (MAINZ), 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - H-J Elmers
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School of Excellence, Materials Science in Mainz (MAINZ), 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - M Jourdan
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School of Excellence, Materials Science in Mainz (MAINZ), 55099 Mainz, Germany
| | - J Demsar
- Institute of Physics, Johannes Gutenberg-University Mainz, 55099 Mainz, Germany
- Graduate School of Excellence, Materials Science in Mainz (MAINZ), 55099 Mainz, Germany
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