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Cassier PA, Italiano A, Gomez-Roca CA, Le Tourneau C, Toulmonde M, Cannarile MA, Ries C, Brillouet A, Müller C, Jegg AM, Bröske AM, Dembowski M, Bray-French K, Freilinger C, Meneses-Lorente G, Baehner M, Harding R, Ratnayake J, Abiraj K, Gass N, Noh K, Christen RD, Ukarma L, Bompas E, Delord JP, Blay JY, Rüttinger D. CSF1R inhibition with emactuzumab in locally advanced diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumours of the soft tissue: a dose-escalation and dose-expansion phase 1 study. Lancet Oncol 2015; 16:949-56. [PMID: 26179200 DOI: 10.1016/s1470-2045(15)00132-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 267] [Impact Index Per Article: 29.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2015] [Revised: 04/24/2015] [Accepted: 04/24/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diffuse-type tenosynovial giant cell tumour (dt-GCT) of the soft tissue (alternatively known as pigmented villonodular synovitis), an orphan disease with unmet medical need, is characterised by an overexpression of colony-stimulating factor 1 (CSF1), and is usually caused by a chromosomal translocation involving CSF1. CSF1 receptor (CSF1R) activation leads to the recruitment of CSF1R-expressing cells of the mononuclear phagocyte lineage that constitute the tumor mass in dt-GCT. Emactuzumab (RG7155) is a novel monoclonal antibody that inhibits CSF1R activation. We have assessed the safety, tolerability and activity of emactuzumab in patients with Dt-GCT of the soft tissue. METHODS In this phase 1, first-in-human dose-escalation and dose-expansion study, eligible patients were aged 18 years or older with dt-GCT of the soft tissue with locally advanced disease or resectable tumours requiring extensive surgery, an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status of 1 or less, measurable disease according to Response Evaluation Criteria In Solid Tumors version 1.1, and adequate end-organ function. Patients with GCT of the bone were not eligible. Patients received intravenous emactuzumab at 900 mg, 1350 mg, or 2000 mg every 2 weeks in the dose-escalation phase and at the optimal biological dose in a dose-expansion phase. The primary objective was to evaluate the safety and tolerability of emactuzumab, and to determine the maximum tolerated dose or optimal biological dose. All treated patients were included in the analyses. Expansion cohorts are currently ongoing. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT01494688. FINDINGS Between July 26, 2012, and Oct 21, 2013, 12 patients were enrolled in the dose-escalation phase. No dose-limiting toxicities were noted in the dose-escalation cohort; on the basis of pharmacokinetic, pharmacodynamic, and safety information, we chose a dose of 1000 mg every 2 week for the dose-expansion cohort, into which 17 patients were enrolled. Owing to different cutoff dates for safety and efficacy readouts, the safety population comprised 25 patients. Common adverse events after emactuzumab treatment were facial oedema (16 [64%] of 25 patients), asthenia (14 [56%]), and pruritus (14 [56%]). Five serious adverse events (periorbital oedema, lupus erythematosus [occurring twice], erythema, and dermohypodermitis all experienced by one [4%] patient each) were reported in five patients. Three of the five serious adverse events-periorbital oedema (one [4%]), lupus erythematosus (one [4%]), and dermohypodermitis (one [4%])-were assessed as grade 3. Two other grade 3 events were reported: mucositis (one [4%]) and fatigue (one [4%]). 24 (86%) of 28 patients achieved an objective response; two (7%) patients achieved a complete response. INTERPRETATION Further study of dt-GCT is warranted and different possibilities, such as an international collaboration with cooperative groups to assure appropriate recruitment in this rare disease, are currently being assessed. FUNDING F Hoffmann-La Roche.
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MESH Headings
- Adolescent
- Adult
- Aged
- Aged, 80 and over
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/administration & dosage
- Antibodies, Monoclonal/adverse effects
- Antibodies, Monoclonal, Humanized
- Antineoplastic Agents/administration & dosage
- Antineoplastic Agents/adverse effects
- Drug Administration Schedule
- Female
- Giant Cell Tumors/drug therapy
- Giant Cell Tumors/immunology
- Giant Cell Tumors/metabolism
- Giant Cell Tumors/pathology
- Humans
- Infusions, Intravenous
- Male
- Middle Aged
- Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/immunology
- Receptor, Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor/metabolism
- Signal Transduction/drug effects
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/immunology
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/metabolism
- Soft Tissue Neoplasms/pathology
- Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular/drug therapy
- Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular/immunology
- Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular/metabolism
- Synovitis, Pigmented Villonodular/pathology
- Time Factors
- Treatment Outcome
- Young Adult
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Antoine Italiano
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France.
| | | | | | - Maud Toulmonde
- Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Bergonié, Bordeaux, France
| | - Michael A Cannarile
- Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Carola Ries
- Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Anne Brillouet
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Claudia Müller
- Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Anna-Maria Jegg
- Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ann-Marie Bröske
- Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Markus Dembowski
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Katharine Bray-French
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christine Freilinger
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Monika Baehner
- Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
| | - Ross Harding
- Roche Innovation Center Welwyn, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Welwyn, UK
| | - Jayantha Ratnayake
- Roche Innovation Center Welwyn, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Welwyn, UK
| | - Keelara Abiraj
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nathalie Gass
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Karen Noh
- Roche Innovation Center New York, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, New York, NY, USA
| | - Randolph D Christen
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lidia Ukarma
- Roche Innovation Center Basel, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Emmanuelle Bompas
- Department of Medicine, Institut de Cancérologie de l'Ouest, Nantes, France
| | - Jean-Pierre Delord
- Department of Medicine, Institut Claudius Regaud, Toulouse, France; Department of Medical Oncology, Institut Curie, Paris & Saint-Cloud, France
| | - Jean-Yves Blay
- Department of Medicine, Centre Léon Bérard, Lyon, France
| | - Dominik Rüttinger
- Roche Innovation Center Penzberg, Roche Pharmaceutical Research and Early Development, Penzberg, Germany
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Abstract
Translocation of preproteins across the mitochondrial outer membrane is mediated by the translocase of the outer mitochondrial membrane (TOM) complex. We report the molecular identification of Tom6 and Tom7, two small subunits of the TOM core complex in the fungus Neurospora crassa. Cross-linking experiments showed that both proteins were found to be in direct contact with the major component of the pore, Tom40. In addition, Tom6 was observed to interact with Tom22 in a manner that depends on the presence of preproteins in transit. Precursors of both proteins are able to insert into the outer membrane in vitro and are assembled into authentic TOM complexes. The insertion pathway of these proteins shares a common binding site with the general import pathway as the assembly of both Tom6 and Tom7 was competed by a matrix-destined precursor protein. This assembly was dependent on the integrity of receptor components of the TOM machinery and is highly specific as in vitro-synthesized yeast Tom6 was not assembled into N. crassa TOM complex. The targeting and assembly information within the Tom6 sequence was found to be located in the transmembrane segment and a flanking segment toward the N-terminal, cytosolic side. A hybrid protein composed of the C-terminal domain of yeast Tom6 and the cytosolic domain of N. crassa Tom6 was targeted to the mitochondria but was not taken up into TOM complexes. Thus, both segments are required for assembly into the TOM complex. A model for the topogenesis of the small Tom subunits is discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Dembowski
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie der Universität München, 80336 München, Germany
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Abstract
A multisubunit complex in the mitochondrial outer membrane, the TOM complex, mediates targeting and membrane translocation of nuclear-encoded preproteins. We have isolated the TOM holo complex, containing the preprotein receptor components Tom70 and Tom20, and the TOM core complex, which lacks these receptors. The interaction of recombinant mitochondrial preproteins with both types of soluble TOM complex was analyzed. Preproteins bound efficiently in a specific manner to the isolated complexes in the absence of chaperones and lipids in a bilayer structure. Using fluorescence correlation spectroscopy, a dissociation constant in the nanomolar range was determined. The affinity was lower when the preprotein was stabilized in its folded conformation. Following the initial binding, the presequence was transferred into the translocation pore in a step that required unfolding of the mature part of the preprotein. This translocation step was also mediated by protease-treated TOM holo complex, which contains almost exclusively Tom40. Thus, the TOM core complex, consisting of Tom40, Tom22, Tom6 and Tom7, is a molecular machine that can recognize and partially translocate mitochondrial precursor proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Stan
- Institut für Physiologische Chemie der Universität München, Goethestrabetae 33, D-80336 München, Germany
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Scharfe C, Zaccaria P, Hoertnagel K, Jaksch M, Klopstock T, Dembowski M, Lill R, Prokisch H, Gerbitz KD, Neupert W, Mewes HW, Meitinger T. MITOP, the mitochondrial proteome database: 2000 update. Nucleic Acids Res 2000; 28:155-8. [PMID: 10592209 PMCID: PMC102491 DOI: 10.1093/nar/28.1.155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
MITOP (http://www.mips.biochem.mpg.de/proj/medgen/mitop/) is a comprehensive database for genetic and functional information on both nuclear- and mitochondrial-encoded proteins and their genes. The five species files--Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mus musculus, Caenorhabditis elegans, Neurospora crassa and Homo sapiens--include annotated data derived from a variety of online resources and the literature. A wide spectrum of search facilities is given in the overlapping sections 'Gene catalogues', 'Protein catalogues', 'Homologies', 'Pathways and metabolism' and 'Human disease catalogue' including extensive references and hyperlinks to other databases. Central features are the results of various homology searches, which should facilitate the investigations into interspecies relationships. Precomputed FASTA searches using all the MITOP yeast protein entries and a list of the best human EST hits with graphical cluster alignments related to the yeast reference sequence are presented. The orthologue tables with cross-listings to all the protein entries for each species in MITOP have been expanded by adding the genomes of Rickettsia prowazeckii and Escherichia coli. To find new mitochondrial proteins the complete yeast genome has been analyzed using the MITOPROT program which identifies mitochondrial targeting sequences. The 'Human disease catalogue' contains tables with a total of 110 human diseases related to mitochondrial protein abnormalities, sorted by clinical criteria and age of onset. MITOP should contribute to the systematic genetic characterization of the mitochondrial proteome in relation to human disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Scharfe
- Medizinische Genetik, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität, München, Germany
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