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Scott WJ, Hentemann MF, Rowley RB, Bull CO, Jenkins S, Bullion AM, Johnson J, Redman A, Robbins AH, Esler W, Fracasso RP, Garrison T, Hamilton M, Michels M, Wood JE, Wilkie DP, Xiao H, Levy J, Stasik E, Liu N, Schaefer M, Brands M, Lefranc J. Discovery and SAR of Novel 2,3-Dihydroimidazo[1,2-c]quinazoline PI3K Inhibitors: Identification of Copanlisib (BAY 80-6946). ChemMedChem 2016; 11:1517-30. [PMID: 27310202 PMCID: PMC5094563 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.201600148] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2016] [Revised: 05/12/2016] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The phosphoinositide 3‐kinase (PI3K) pathway is aberrantly activated in many disease states, including tumor cells, either by growth factor receptor tyrosine kinases or by the genetic mutation and amplification of key pathway components. A variety of PI3K isoforms play differential roles in cancers. As such, the development of PI3K inhibitors from novel compound classes should lead to differential pharmacological and pharmacokinetic profiles and allow exploration in various indications, combinations, and dosing regimens. A screening effort aimed at the identification of PI3Kγ inhibitors for the treatment of inflammatory diseases led to the discovery of the novel 2,3‐dihydroimidazo[1,2‐c]quinazoline class of PI3K inhibitors. A subsequent lead optimization program targeting cancer therapy focused on inhibition of PI3Kα and PI3Kβ. Herein, initial structure–activity relationship findings for this class and the optimization that led to the identification of copanlisib (BAY 80‐6946) as a clinical candidate for the treatment of solid and hematological tumors are described.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J Scott
- Global Development, Global Program Management, Bayer HealthCare Pharmaceuticals Inc., Whippany, NJ, 07981, USA.
| | | | - R Bruce Rowley
- Former Bayer Research Center, West Haven, CT, 16516, USA
| | - Cathy O Bull
- Former Bayer Research Center, West Haven, CT, 16516, USA
| | - Susan Jenkins
- Former Bayer Research Center, West Haven, CT, 16516, USA
| | - Ann M Bullion
- Former Bayer Research Center, West Haven, CT, 16516, USA
| | | | - Anikó Redman
- Former Bayer Research Center, West Haven, CT, 16516, USA
| | | | - William Esler
- Former Bayer Research Center, West Haven, CT, 16516, USA
| | | | | | - Mark Hamilton
- Former Bayer Research Center, West Haven, CT, 16516, USA
| | - Martin Michels
- Global Drug Discovery, Project Management Drug Discovery, Bayer Pharma AG, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Jill E Wood
- Former Bayer Research Center, West Haven, CT, 16516, USA
| | - Dean P Wilkie
- Former Bayer Research Center, West Haven, CT, 16516, USA
| | - Hong Xiao
- Former Bayer Research Center, West Haven, CT, 16516, USA
| | - Joan Levy
- Former Bayer Research Center, West Haven, CT, 16516, USA
| | - Enrico Stasik
- Global Drug Discovery, TRG Oncology, Bayer Pharma AG, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ningshu Liu
- Global Drug Discovery, TRG Oncology, Bayer Pharma AG, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martina Schaefer
- Global Drug Discovery, Structural Biology, Bayer Pharma AG, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Michael Brands
- Global Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry Berlin, Bayer Pharma AG, 13353, Berlin, Germany
| | - Julien Lefranc
- Global Drug Discovery, Medicinal Chemistry Berlin, Bayer Pharma AG, 13353, Berlin, Germany.
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Kawatkar SP, Keating TA, Olivier NB, Breen JN, Green OM, Guler SY, Hentemann MF, Loch JT, McKenzie AR, Newman JV, Otterson LG, Martínez-Botella G. Antibacterial inhibitors of Gram-positive thymidylate kinase: structure-activity relationships and chiral preference of a new hydrophobic binding region. J Med Chem 2014; 57:4584-97. [PMID: 24828090 DOI: 10.1021/jm500463c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Thymidylate kinase (TMK), an essential enzyme in bacterial DNA biosynthesis, is an attractive therapeutic target for the development of novel antibacterial agents, and we continue to explore TMK inhibitors with improved potency, protein binding, and pharmacokinetic potential. A structure-guided design approach was employed to exploit a previously unexplored region in Staphylococcus aureus TMK via novel interactions. These efforts produced compound 39, with 3 nM IC50 against S. aureus TMK and 2 μg/mL MIC against methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). This compound exhibits a striking inverted chiral preference for binding relative to earlier compounds and also has improved physical properties and pharmacokinetics over previously published compounds. An example of this new series was efficacious in a murine S. aureus infection model, suggesting that compounds like 39 are options for further work toward a new Gram-positive antibiotic by maintaining a balance of microbiological potency, low clearance, and low protein binding that can result in lower efficacious doses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sameer P Kawatkar
- Infection Innovative Medicines and ‡Discovery Sciences, AstraZeneca , 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
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Keating TA, Newman JV, Olivier NB, Otterson LG, Andrews B, Boriack-Sjodin PA, Breen JN, Doig P, Dumas J, Gangl E, Green OM, Guler SY, Hentemann MF, Joseph-McCarthy D, Kawatkar S, Kutschke A, Loch JT, McKenzie AR, Pradeepan S, Prasad S, Martínez-Botella G. In vivo validation of thymidylate kinase (TMK) with a rationally designed, selective antibacterial compound. ACS Chem Biol 2012; 7:1866-72. [PMID: 22908966 DOI: 10.1021/cb300316n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
There is an urgent need for new antibacterials that pinpoint novel targets and thereby avoid existing resistance mechanisms. We have created novel synthetic antibacterials through structure-based drug design that specifically target bacterial thymidylate kinase (TMK), a nucleotide kinase essential in the DNA synthesis pathway. A high-resolution structure shows compound TK-666 binding partly in the thymidine monophosphate substrate site, but also forming new induced-fit interactions that give picomolar affinity. TK-666 has potent, broad-spectrum Gram-positive microbiological activity (including activity against methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus and vancomycin-resistant Enterococcus), bactericidal action with rapid killing kinetics, excellent target selectivity over the human ortholog, and low resistance rates. We demonstrate in vivo efficacy against S. aureus in a murine infected-thigh model. This work presents the first validation of TMK as a compelling antibacterial target and provides a rationale for pursuing novel clinical candidates for treating Gram-positive infections through TMK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas A. Keating
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Joseph V. Newman
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Nelson B. Olivier
- AstraZeneca Discovery Sciences, 35 Gatehouse Drive,
Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Linda G. Otterson
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Beth Andrews
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - P. Ann Boriack-Sjodin
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
- AstraZeneca Discovery Sciences, 35 Gatehouse Drive,
Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - John N. Breen
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
- AstraZeneca Discovery Sciences, 35 Gatehouse Drive,
Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Peter Doig
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
- AstraZeneca Discovery Sciences, 35 Gatehouse Drive,
Waltham, Massachusetts 02451, United States
| | - Jacques Dumas
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Eric Gangl
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Oluyinka M. Green
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Satenig Y. Guler
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Martin F. Hentemann
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Diane Joseph-McCarthy
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Sameer Kawatkar
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Amy Kutschke
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - James T. Loch
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Andrew R. McKenzie
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Selvi Pradeepan
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Swati Prasad
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Gabriel Martínez-Botella
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
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Martínez-Botella G, Breen JN, Duffy JES, Dumas J, Geng B, Gowers IK, Green OM, Guler S, Hentemann MF, Hernandez-Juan FA, Joseph-McCarthy D, Kawatkar S, Larsen NA, Lazari O, Loch JT, Macritchie JA, McKenzie AR, Newman JV, Olivier NB, Otterson LG, Owens AP, Read J, Sheppard DW, Keating TA. Discovery of Selective and Potent Inhibitors of Gram-Positive Bacterial Thymidylate Kinase (TMK). J Med Chem 2012; 55:10010-21. [DOI: 10.1021/jm3011806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel Martínez-Botella
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - John N. Breen
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
- AstraZeneca Discovery Sciences, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | | | - Jacques Dumas
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Bolin Geng
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Ian K. Gowers
- BioFocus, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden
CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Oluyinka M. Green
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Satenig Guler
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Martin F. Hentemann
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | | | - Diane Joseph-McCarthy
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Sameer Kawatkar
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Nicholas A. Larsen
- AstraZeneca Discovery Sciences, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Ovadia Lazari
- BioFocus, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden
CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - James T. Loch
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | | | - Andrew R. McKenzie
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Joseph V. Newman
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Nelson B. Olivier
- AstraZeneca Discovery Sciences, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Linda G. Otterson
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | - Andrew P. Owens
- BioFocus, Chesterford Research Park, Saffron Walden
CB10 1XL, U.K
| | - Jon Read
- AstraZeneca Discovery Sciences, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
| | | | - Thomas A. Keating
- AstraZeneca Infection Innovative Medicines, 35 Gatehouse Drive, Waltham, Massachusetts
02451, United States
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Yamamoto K, Hentemann MF, Allen JG, Danishefsky SJ. On the total synthesis and determination of the absolute configuration of rishirilide B: exploitation of subtle effects to control the sense of cycloaddition of o-quinodimethides. Chemistry 2003; 9:3242-52. [PMID: 12866068 DOI: 10.1002/chem.200304931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The total synthesis of racemic rishirilide B has been accomplished. The synthesis serves to define the relative relationships of its stereogenic centers. Also, starting with readily available chiral pool, ent-rishirilide B was synthesized, thereby demonstrating that natural configuration of rishirilide B. The defining step in our total synthesis is the facile cycloreversion of the bis(siloxy)benzocyclobutane and the intermolecular o-quinodimethide Diels-Alder cycloaddition. We believe that the tight regiochemical guidance in this step arises from a meshing of the electron-donating effects of the symmetry-perturbing aromatic OTBS group of the o-quinodimethide diene with the reactivity differential of the dienophile (enedione), modulated by the hydroxyl group at the alpha-position. The validity of the hypothesis of hydroxy-directed activation of its vicinal ketone function in the context of the enedione dienophile warrants further study. This type of activation may find broader applications in distinguishing reactivity profiles of key closely related functional groups in organic substrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kana Yamamoto
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021, USA
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Ujaque G, Lee PS, Houk KN, Hentemann MF, Danishefsky SJ. The origin of endo stereoselectivity in the hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of aldehydes with ortho-xylylenes: CH-pi, pi-pi, and steric effects on stereoselectivity. Chemistry 2002; 8:3423-30. [PMID: 12203322 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3765(20020802)8:15<3423::aid-chem3423>3.0.co;2-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical studies of stereoselectivity have been carried out with B3LYP and MP2 calculations. The high endo selectivity of hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of ortho-xylylenes with acetaldehydes is shown to result from attractive CH-pi interactions between alkyl groups of the aldehyde and the aromatic ring in the transition states of the reaction. For the hetero-Diels-Alder reactions of ortho-xylylenes with benzaldehyde, the stereoselectivity is shown to be mainly governed by the attractive pi-pi interactions between the phenyl rings of the benzaldehyde and the ortho-xylylene. MP2 calculations are necessary to reproduce the stabilizing dispersion interactions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gregori Ujaque
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry University of California, Los Angeles CA 90095-1569 USA
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Carson MW, Kim G, Hentemann MF, Trauner D, Danishefsky SJ. Concise Stereoselective Routes to Advanced Intermediates Related to Natural and Unnatural Pinnaic Acid. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001. [DOI: 10.1002/1521-3757(20011203)113:23<4582::aid-ange4582>3.0.co;2-g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Carson MW, Kim G, Hentemann MF, Trauner D, Danishefsky SJ. Concise Stereoselective Routes to Advanced Intermediates Related to Natural and Unnatural Pinnaic Acid This work was supported by the National Institutes of Health (Grant Numbers: CA28824). Postdoctoral Fellowship support is gratefully acknowledged by M.W.C. (U.S. Army BCRP, DAMD17-98-1-8154), M.F.H. (5T32 CA62948-05), and D.T. (Schering Research Foundation, Berlin). We thank Dr. George Sukenick of the MSKCC NMR Core Facility for NMR and mass spectral analyses. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2001; 40:4450-4452. [PMID: 12404442 DOI: 10.1002/1521-3773(20011203)40:23<4450::aid-anie4450>3.0.co;2-m] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Matthew W. Carson
- Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research 1275 York Avenue, New York, NY 10021 (USA)
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Affiliation(s)
- John G. Allen
- Contribution from the Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, and the Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Martin F. Hentemann
- Contribution from the Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, and the Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
| | - Samuel J. Danishefsky
- Contribution from the Laboratory for Bioorganic Chemistry, Sloan-Kettering Institute for Cancer Research, 1275 York Avenue, New York, New York 10021, and the Department of Chemistry, Columbia University, New York, New York 10027
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