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Hund HM, Boodt N, Hansen D, Haffmans WA, Lycklama À Nijeholt GJ, Hofmeijer J, Dippel DWJ, van der Lugt A, van Es ACGM, van Beusekom HMM, Roos YBWEM, van Oostenbrugge RJ, van Zwam WH, Boiten J, Vos JA, Jansen IGH, Mulder MJHL, Goldhoorn RJB, Compagne KCJ, Kappelhof M, Brouwer J, den Hartog SJ, Hinsenveld WH, Roozenbeek B, Emmer BJ, Coutinho JM, Schonewille WJ, Wermer MJH, van Walderveen MAA, Staals J, Martens JM, de Bruijn SF, van Dijk LC, van der Worp HB, Lo RH, van Dijk EJ, Boogaarts HD, de Vries J, de Kort PLM, van Tuijl J, Peluso JP, Fransen P, van den Berg JSP, van Hasselt BAAM, Aerden LAM, Dallinga RJ, Uyttenboogaart M, Eschgi O, Bokkers RPH, Schreuder THCML, Heijboer RJJ, Keizer K, Yo LSF, den Hertog HM, Bulut T, Brouwers PJAM, Sprengers MES, Jenniskens SFM, van den Berg R, Yoo AJ, Beenen LFM, Postma AA, Roosendaal SD, van der Kallen BFW, van den Wijngaard IR, Bot J, van Doormaal PJ, Meijer A, Ghariq E, van Proosdij MP, Krietemeijer GM, Dinkelaar W, Appelman APA, Hammer B, Pegge S, van der Hoorn A, Vinke S, Flach HZ, Lingsma HF, el Ghannouti N, Sterrenberg M, Pellikaan W, Sprengers R, Elfrink M, Simons M, Vossers M, de Meris J, Vermeulen T, Geerlings A, van Vemde G, Simons T, Messchendorp G, Nicolaij N, Bongenaar H, Bodde K, Kleijn S, Lodico J, Droste H, Wollaert M, Verheesen S, Jeurrissen D, Bos E, Drabbe Y, Sandiman M, Aaldering N, Zweedijk B, Vervoort J, Ponjee E, Romviel S, Kanselaar K, Barning D, Venema E, Chalos V, Geuskens RR, van Straaten T, Ergezen S, Harmsma RRM, Muijres D, de Jong A, Berkhemer OA, Boers AMM, Huguet J, Groot PFC, Mens MA, van Kranendonk KR, Treurniet KM, Tolhuisen ML, Alves H, Weterings AJ, Kirkels EL, Voogd EJHF, Schupp LM, Collette SL, Groot AED, LeCouffe NE, Konduri PR, Prasetya H, Arrarte-Terreros N, Ramos LA. Association between thrombus composition and stroke etiology in the MR CLEAN Registry biobank. Neuroradiology 2023; 65:933-943. [PMID: 36695859 PMCID: PMC10105654 DOI: 10.1007/s00234-023-03115-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The composition of thrombi retrieved during endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) due to large vessel occlusion (LVO) may differ depending on their origin. In this study, we investigated the association between thrombus composition and stroke etiology in a large population of patients from the Dutch MR CLEAN Registry treated with EVT in daily clinical practice. METHODS The thrombi of 332 patients with AIS were histologically analyzed for red blood cells (RBC), fibrin/platelets (F/P), and white blood cells (leukocytes) using a machine learning algorithm. Stroke etiology was assessed using the Trial of Org 10,172 in acute stroke treatment (TOAST) classification. RESULTS The thrombi of cardioembolic origin contained less RBC and more F/P than those of non-cardioembolic origin (25.8% vs 41.2% RBC [p = 0.003] and 67.1% vs 54.5% F/P [p = 0.004]). The likelihood of a non-cardioembolic source of stroke increased with increasing thrombus RBC content (OR 1.02; [95% CI 1.00-1.06] for each percent increase) and decreased with a higher F/P content (OR 1.02; [95% CI 1.00-1.06]). Thrombus composition in patients with a cardioembolic origin and undetermined origin was similar. CONCLUSION Thrombus composition is significantly associated with stroke etiology, with an increase in RBC and a decrease in F/P raising the odds for a non-cardioembolic cause. No difference between composition of cardioembolic thrombi and of undetermined origin was seen. This emphasizes the need for more extensive monitoring for arrhythmias and/or extended cardiac analysis in case of an undetermined origin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hajo M Hund
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Room EE23.93, PO 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Radiology, Haaglanden Medical Centrum, The Hague, The Netherlands
| | - Nikki Boodt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Hansen
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Room EE23.93, PO 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Willem A Haffmans
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Room EE23.93, PO 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | | | - Jeannette Hofmeijer
- Department of Neurology, Rijnstate Hospital, Arnhem, The Netherlands.,Department of Clinical Neurophysiology, University of Twente, Enschede, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik W J Dippel
- Department of Neurology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Adriaan C G M van Es
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Heleen M M van Beusekom
- Department of Cardiology, Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Room EE23.93, PO 2040, 3000CA, Rotterdam, The Netherlands.
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van der Steen W, van der Ende NA, van Kranendonk KR, Chalos V, van Oostenbrugge RJ, van Zwam WH, Roos YB, van Doormaal PJ, van Es AC, Lingsma HF, Majoie CB, van der Lugt A, Dippel DW, Roozenbeek B, Boiten J, Albert Vos J, Jansen IG, Mulder MJ, Goldhoorn RJB, Compagne KC, Kappelhof M, Brouwer J, den Hartog SJ, Emmer BJ, Coutinho JM, Schonewille WJ, Albert Vos J, Wermer MJ, van Walderveen MA, Staals J, Hofmeijer J, Martens JM, Lycklama à Nijeholt GJ, Boiten J, de Bruijn SF, van Dijk LC, van der Worp HB, Lo RH, van Dijk EJ, Boogaarts HD, de Vries J, de Kort PL, van Tuijl J, Peluso JP, Fransen P, van den Berg JS, van Hasselt BA, Aerden LA, Dallinga RJ, Uyttenboogaart M, Eschgi O, Bokkers RP, Schreuder TH, Heijboer RJ, Keizer K, Yo LS, den Hertog HM, Bulut T, Brouwers PJ, Lycklama GJ, van Walderveen MA, Sprengers ME, Jenniskens SF, van den Berg R, Yoo AJ, Beenen LF, Postma AA, Roosendaal SD, van der Kallen BF, van den Wijngaard IR, Emmer BJ, Martens JM, Yo LS, Vos JA, Bot J, Meijer A, Ghariq E, Bokkers RP, van Proosdij MP, Krietemeijer GM, Peluso JP, Boogaarts HD, Lo R, Dinkelaar W, Auke P, Hammer B, Pegge S, van der Hoorn A, Vinke S, Lycklama à Nijeholt GJ, Boiten J, Vos JA, Hofmeijer J, Martens JM, van der Worp HB, Hofmeijer J, Flach HZ, el Ghannouti N, Sterrenberg M, Pellikaan W, Sprengers R, Elfrink M, Simons M, Vossers M, de Meris J, Vermeulen T, Geerlings A, van Vemde G, Simons T, Messchendorp G, Nicolaij N, Bongenaar H, Bodde K, Kleijn S, Lodico J, Droste H, Wollaert M, Verheesen S, Jeurrissen D, Bos E, Drabbe Y, Sandiman M, Aaldering N, Zweedijk B, Vervoort J, Ponjee E, Romviel S, Kanselaar K, Barning D, Venema E, Geuskens RR, van Straaten T, Ergezen S, Harmsma RR, Muijres D, de Jong A, Berkhemer OA, Boers AM, Huguet J, Groot P, Mens MA, Treurniet KM, Tolhuisen ML, Alves H, Weterings AJ, Kirkels EL, Voogd EJ, Schupp LM, Collette SL, Groot AE, LeCouffe NE, Konduri PR, Prasetya H, Arrarte- Terreros N, Ramos LA, Brown MM, Liebig T, van der Heijden E, Ghannouti N, Fleitour N, Hooijenga I, Puppels C, Pellikaan W, Geerling A, Lindl-Velema A, van Vemde G, de Ridder A, Greebe P, de Bont- Stikkelbroeck J, de Meris J, Haaglanden MC, Janssen K, Licher S, Boodt N, Ros A, Venema E, Slokkers I, Ganpat RJ, Mulder M, Saiedie N, Heshmatollah A, Schipperen S, Vinken S, van Boxtel T, Koets J, Boers M, Santos E, Borst J, Jansen I, Kappelhof M, Lucas M, Geuskens RR, Sales Barros R. Determinants of Symptomatic Intracranial Hemorrhage After Endovascular Stroke Treatment: A Retrospective Cohort Study. Stroke 2022; 53:2818-2827. [PMID: 35674042 PMCID: PMC9389940 DOI: 10.1161/strokeaha.121.036195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage (sICH) is a serious complication after endovascular treatment for ischemic stroke. We aimed to identify determinants of its occurrence and location.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wouter van der Steen
- Department of Neurology (W.v.d.S., N.A.M.v.d.E., V.C., D.W.J.D., B.R.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.v.d.S., N.A.M.v.d.E., V.C., P.J.v.D., A.v.d.L., B.R.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Nadinda A.M. van der Ende
- Department of Neurology (W.v.d.S., N.A.M.v.d.E., V.C., D.W.J.D., B.R.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.v.d.S., N.A.M.v.d.E., V.C., P.J.v.D., A.v.d.L., B.R.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Katinka R. van Kranendonk
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (K.R.v.K., C.B.L.M.M.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Vicky Chalos
- Department of Neurology (W.v.d.S., N.A.M.v.d.E., V.C., D.W.J.D., B.R.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.v.d.S., N.A.M.v.d.E., V.C., P.J.v.D., A.v.d.L., B.R.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Public Health (V.C., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Robert J. van Oostenbrugge
- Amsterdam University Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, the Netherlands. Department of Neurology (R.J.v.O.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Wim H. van Zwam
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.H.v.Z.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Yvo B.W.E.M. Roos
- Department of Neurology (Y.B.W.E.M.R.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Pieter J. van Doormaal
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.v.d.S., N.A.M.v.d.E., V.C., P.J.v.D., A.v.d.L., B.R.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Adriaan C.G.M. van Es
- Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, the Netherlands (A.C.G.M.v.E.)
| | - Hester F. Lingsma
- Department of Public Health (V.C., H.F.L.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Charles B.L.M. Majoie
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (K.R.v.K., C.B.L.M.M.), Maastricht University Medical Center, the Netherlands
| | - Aad van der Lugt
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.v.d.S., N.A.M.v.d.E., V.C., P.J.v.D., A.v.d.L., B.R.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Diederik W.J. Dippel
- Department of Neurology (W.v.d.S., N.A.M.v.d.E., V.C., D.W.J.D., B.R.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Bob Roozenbeek
- Department of Neurology (W.v.d.S., N.A.M.v.d.E., V.C., D.W.J.D., B.R.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
- Department of Radiology and Nuclear Medicine (W.v.d.S., N.A.M.v.d.E., V.C., P.J.v.D., A.v.d.L., B.R.), Erasmus MC University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands
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Amini M, van Leeuwen N, Eijkenaar F, van de Graaf R, Samuels N, van Oostenbrugge R, van den Wijngaard IR, van Doormaal PJ, Roos YBWEM, Majoie C, Roozenbeek B, Dippel D, Burke J, Lingsma HF, Dippel DWJ, van der Lugt A, Majoie CBLM, Roos YBWEM, van Oostenbrugge RJ, van Zwam WH, Boiten J, Vos JA, Brouwer J, den Hartog SJ, Hinsenveld WH, Kappelhof M, Compagne KCJ, Goldhoorn RJB, Mulder MJHL, Jansen IGH, Dippel DWJ, Roozenbeek B, van der Lugt A, van Es ACGM, Majoie CBLM, Roos YBWEM, Emmer BJ, Coutinho JM, Schonewille WJ, Vos JA, Wermer MJH, van Walderveen MAA, Staals J, van Oostenbrugge RJ, van Zwam WH, Hofmeijer J, Martens JM, Lycklama à Nijeholt GJ, Boiten J, de Bruijn SF, van Dijk LC, van der Worp HB, Lo RH, van Dijk EJ, Boogaarts HD, de Vries J, de Kort PLM, van Tuijl J, Peluso JJP, Fransen P, van den Berg JSP, van Hasselt BAAM, Aerden LAM, Dallinga RJ, Uyttenboogaart M, Eschgi O, Bokkers RPH, Schreuder THCML, Heijboer RJJ, Keizer K, Yo LSF, den Hertog HM, Sturm EJC, Brouwers P, Majoie CBLM, van Zwam WH, van der Lugt A, Lycklama à Nijeholt GJ, van Walderveen MAA, Sprengers MES, Jenniskens SFM, van den Berg R, Yoo AJ, Beenen LFM, Postma AA, Roosendaal SD, van der Kallen BFW, van den Wijngaard IR, van Es ACGM, Emmer BJ, Martens JM, Yo LSF, Vos JA, Bot J, van Doormaal PJ, Meijer A, Ghariq E, Bokkers RPH, van Proosdij MP, Krietemeijer GM, Peluso JP, Boogaarts HD, Lo R, Gerrits D, Dinkelaar W, Appelman APA, Hammer B, Pegge S, van der Hoorn A, Vinke S, Dippel DWJ, van der Lugt A, Majoie CBLM, Roos YBWEM, van Oostenbrugge RJ, van Zwam WH, Lycklama à Nijeholt GJ, Boiten J, Vos JA, Schonewille WJ, Hofmeijer J, Martens JM, van der Worp HB, Lo RH, van Oostenbrugge RJ, Hofmeijer J, Flach HZ, Lingsma HF, el Ghannouti N, Sterrenberg M, Puppels C, Pellikaan W, Sprengers R, Elfrink M, Simons M, Vossers M, de Meris J, Vermeulen T, Geerlings A, van Vemde G, Simons T, van Rijswijk C, Messchendorp G, Nicolaij N, Bongenaar H, Bodde K, Kleijn S, Lodico J, Droste H, Wollaert M, Verheesen S, Jeurrissen D, Bos E, Drabbe Y, Sandiman M, Elfrink M, Aaldering N, Zweedijk B, Khalilzada M, Vervoort J, Droste H, Nicolaij N, Simons M, Ponjee E, Romviel S, Kanselaar K, Bos E, Barning D, Venema E, Chalos V, Geuskens RR, van Straaten T, Ergezen S, Harmsma RRM, Muijres D, de Jong A, Berkhemer OA, Boers AMM, Huguet J, Groot PFC, Mens MA, van Kranendonk KR, Treurniet KM, Jansen IGH, Tolhuisen ML, Alves H, Weterings AJ, Kirkels ELF, Voogd EJHF, Schupp LM, Collette S, Groot AED, LeCouffe NE, Konduri PR, Prasetya H, Arrarte-Terreros N, Ramos LA. Estimation of treatment effects in observational stroke care data: comparison of statistical approaches. BMC Med Res Methodol 2022; 22:103. [PMID: 35399057 PMCID: PMC8996562 DOI: 10.1186/s12874-022-01590-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Introduction
Various statistical approaches can be used to deal with unmeasured confounding when estimating treatment effects in observational studies, each with its own pros and cons. This study aimed to compare treatment effects as estimated by different statistical approaches for two interventions in observational stroke care data.
Patients and methods
We used prospectively collected data from the MR CLEAN registry including all patients (n = 3279) with ischemic stroke who underwent endovascular treatment (EVT) from 2014 to 2017 in 17 Dutch hospitals. Treatment effects of two interventions – i.e., receiving an intravenous thrombolytic (IVT) and undergoing general anesthesia (GA) before EVT – on good functional outcome (modified Rankin Scale ≤2) were estimated. We used three statistical regression-based approaches that vary in assumptions regarding the source of unmeasured confounding: individual-level (two subtypes), ecological, and instrumental variable analyses. In the latter, the preference for using the interventions in each hospital was used as an instrument.
Results
Use of IVT (range 66–87%) and GA (range 0–93%) varied substantially between hospitals. For IVT, the individual-level (OR ~ 1.33) resulted in significant positive effect estimates whereas in instrumental variable analysis no significant treatment effect was found (OR 1.11; 95% CI 0.58–1.56). The ecological analysis indicated no statistically significant different likelihood (β = − 0.002%; P = 0.99) of good functional outcome at hospitals using IVT 1% more frequently. For GA, we found non-significant opposite directions of points estimates the treatment effect in the individual-level (ORs ~ 0.60) versus the instrumental variable approach (OR = 1.04). The ecological analysis also resulted in a non-significant negative association (0.03% lower probability).
Discussion and conclusion
Both magnitude and direction of the estimated treatment effects for both interventions depend strongly on the statistical approach and thus on the source of (unmeasured) confounding. These issues should be understood concerning the specific characteristics of data, before applying an approach and interpreting the results. Instrumental variable analysis might be considered when unobserved confounding and practice variation is expected in observational multicenter studies.
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