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Gondek S, Ogledzinski M, Lin W, Milejczyk K, Juengel B, Potter L, Bachul PJ, Basto L, Perea L, Wang LJ, Tibudan M, Witkowska Z, Barth R, Fung J, Witkowski P. Persistence of long-term insulin independence after islet transplantation and two subsequent pregnancies. Eur J Transl Clin Med 2023; 6:9-13. [PMID: 37693941 PMCID: PMC10485871 DOI: 10.31373/ejtcm/166178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/12/2023]
Abstract
Pregnancy increases metabolic demand for insulin and may lead to the exhaustion of intraportally transplanted islets and post-gestational hyperglycemia. To prevent these complications, we implemented preemptive insulin supplementation during two subsequent pregnancies in an insulin-independent islet transplant recipient. This strategy resulted in optimal blood glucose control during the pregnancies, the preservation of the optimal islet graft function and the postpartum maintenance of long-term insulin independence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Gondek
- The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, USA
| | | | - William Lin
- The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, USA
| | | | - Braden Juengel
- The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, USA
| | - Lisa Potter
- The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, USA
| | - Piotr J Bachul
- The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, USA
| | - Lindsay Basto
- The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, USA
| | | | - Ling-Jia Wang
- The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, USA
| | - Martin Tibudan
- The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, USA
| | | | - Rolf Barth
- The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, USA
| | - John Fung
- The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, USA
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Ogledzinski M, Bachul PJ, Rezania K, Hariprasad SM, Gondek S, Lin W, Juengel B, Milejczyk K, Basto L, Wang LJ, Perea L, Tibudan M, Barth RN, Fung JJ, Witkowski P. Peri-operative Reparixin therapy resulted in 50% 5-year insulin independence rate: The University of Chicago experience. Clin Transplant 2023; 37:e14981. [PMID: 37013956 DOI: 10.1111/ctr.14981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mateusz Ogledzinski
- Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Piotr J Bachul
- Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kourosh Rezania
- Department of Neurology, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Seenu M Hariprasad
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Science, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Sarah Gondek
- Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - William Lin
- Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Braden Juengel
- Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Kamila Milejczyk
- Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Lindsay Basto
- Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Ling-Jia Wang
- Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Laurencia Perea
- Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Martin Tibudan
- Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Rolf N Barth
- Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - John J Fung
- Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - Piotr Witkowski
- Transplantation Institute, Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
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Anteby R, Lucander A, Bachul PJ, Pyda J, Grybowski D, Basto L, Generette GS, Perea L, Golab K, Wang LJ, Tibudan M, Thomas C, Fung J, Witkowski P. Evaluating the Prognostic Value of Islet Autoantibody Monitoring in Islet Transplant Recipients with Long-Standing Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10122708. [PMID: 34205321 PMCID: PMC8233942 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10122708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 06/15/2021] [Accepted: 06/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: The correlation between titers of islet autoantibodies (IAbs) and the loss of transplanted islets remains controversial. We sought to evaluate the prognostic utility of monitoring IAbs in diabetic patients after islet transplantation (ITx); (2) Methods: Twelve patients with Type 1 diabetes mellitus and severe hypoglycemia underwent ITx. Serum concentration of glutamic acid decarboxylase (GAD), insulinoma antigen 2 (IA-2), and zinc transport 8 (ZnT8) autoantibodies was assessed before ITx and 0, 7, and 75 days and every 3 months post-operatively; (3) Results: IA-2A (IA-2 antibody) and ZnT8A (ZnT8 antibody) levels were not detectable before or after ITx in all patients (median follow-up of 53 months (range 24–61)). Prior to ITx, GAD antibody (GADA) was undetectable in 67% (8/12) of patients. Of those, 75% (6/8) converted to GADA+ after ITx. In 67% (4/6) of patients with GADA+ seroconversion, GADA level peaked within 3 months after ITx and subsequently declined. All patients with GADA+ seroconversion maintained long-term partial or complete islet function (insulin independence) after 1 or 2 ITx. There was no correlation between the presence of IAb-associated HLA haplotypes and the presence of IAbs before or after ITx; (4) Conclusions: There is no association between serum GADA trends and ITx outcomes. IA-2A and ZnT8A were not detectable in any of our patients before or after ITx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roi Anteby
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (R.A.); (A.L.); (P.J.B.); (D.G.); (L.B.); (G.S.G.); (L.P.); (K.G.); (L.-j.W.); (M.T.); (J.F.)
- Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv 6997801, Israel
- Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Aaron Lucander
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (R.A.); (A.L.); (P.J.B.); (D.G.); (L.B.); (G.S.G.); (L.P.); (K.G.); (L.-j.W.); (M.T.); (J.F.)
- Department of Surgery, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35233, USA
| | - Piotr J. Bachul
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (R.A.); (A.L.); (P.J.B.); (D.G.); (L.B.); (G.S.G.); (L.P.); (K.G.); (L.-j.W.); (M.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Jordan Pyda
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA;
| | - Damian Grybowski
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (R.A.); (A.L.); (P.J.B.); (D.G.); (L.B.); (G.S.G.); (L.P.); (K.G.); (L.-j.W.); (M.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Lindsay Basto
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (R.A.); (A.L.); (P.J.B.); (D.G.); (L.B.); (G.S.G.); (L.P.); (K.G.); (L.-j.W.); (M.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Gabriela S. Generette
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (R.A.); (A.L.); (P.J.B.); (D.G.); (L.B.); (G.S.G.); (L.P.); (K.G.); (L.-j.W.); (M.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Laurencia Perea
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (R.A.); (A.L.); (P.J.B.); (D.G.); (L.B.); (G.S.G.); (L.P.); (K.G.); (L.-j.W.); (M.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Karolina Golab
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (R.A.); (A.L.); (P.J.B.); (D.G.); (L.B.); (G.S.G.); (L.P.); (K.G.); (L.-j.W.); (M.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Ling-jia Wang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (R.A.); (A.L.); (P.J.B.); (D.G.); (L.B.); (G.S.G.); (L.P.); (K.G.); (L.-j.W.); (M.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Martin Tibudan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (R.A.); (A.L.); (P.J.B.); (D.G.); (L.B.); (G.S.G.); (L.P.); (K.G.); (L.-j.W.); (M.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Celeste Thomas
- Department of Medicine, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA;
| | - John Fung
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (R.A.); (A.L.); (P.J.B.); (D.G.); (L.B.); (G.S.G.); (L.P.); (K.G.); (L.-j.W.); (M.T.); (J.F.)
| | - Piotr Witkowski
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; (R.A.); (A.L.); (P.J.B.); (D.G.); (L.B.); (G.S.G.); (L.P.); (K.G.); (L.-j.W.); (M.T.); (J.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-773-702-2447
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Bachul PJ, Golab K, Basto L, Borek P, Perea L, Tibudan M, Pyda JS, Perez-Gutierrez A, Fung J, Matthews JB, Witkowski P. Long-term Stability of β-Cell Graft Function After Total Pancreatectomy and Islet Autotransplantation. Pancreas 2021; 50:e2-e4. [PMID: 33370034 PMCID: PMC7806119 DOI: 10.1097/mpa.0000000000001711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Bachul PJ, Golab K, Basto L, Zangan S, Pyda JS, Perez-Gutierrez A, Borek P, Wang LJ, Tibudan M, Tran DK, Anteby R, Generette GS, Chrzanowski J, Fendler W, Perea L, Jayant K, Lucander A, Thomas C, Philipson L, Millis JM, Fung J, Witkowski P. Post-Hoc Analysis of a Randomized, Double Blind, Prospective Study at the University of Chicago: Additional Standardizations of Trial Protocol are Needed to Evaluate the Effect of a CXCR1/2 Inhibitor in Islet Allotransplantation. Cell Transplant 2021; 30:9636897211001774. [PMID: 33908301 PMCID: PMC8085379 DOI: 10.1177/09636897211001774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2021] [Revised: 01/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A recent randomized, multicenter trial did not show benefit of a CXCR1/2 receptor inhibitor (Reparixin) when analysis included marginal islet mass (>3,000 IEQ/kg) for allotransplantation and when immunosuppression regimens were not standardized among participating centers. We present a post-hoc analysis of trial patients from our center at the University of Chicago who received an islet mass of over 5,000 IEQ/kg and a standardized immunosuppression regimen of anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) for induction. Twelve islet allotransplantation (ITx) recipients were randomized (2:1) to receive Reparixin (N = 8) or placebo (N = 4) in accordance with the multicenter trial protocol. Pancreas and donor characteristics did not differ between Reparixin and placebo groups. Five (62.5%) patients who received Reparixin, compared to none in the placebo group, achieved insulin independence after only one islet infusion and remained insulin-free for over 2 years (P = 0.08). Following the first ITx with ATG induction, distinct cytokine, chemokine, and miR-375 release profiles were observed for both the Reparixin and placebo groups. After excluding procedures with complications, islet engraftment on post-operative day 75 after a single transplant was higher in the Reparixin group (n = 7) than in the placebo (n = 3) group (P = 0.03) when islet graft function was measured by the ratio of the area under the curve (AUC) for c-peptide to glucose in mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT). Additionally, the rate of engraftment was higher when determined via BETA-2 score instead of MMTT (P = 0.01). Our analysis suggests that Reparixin may have improved outcomes compared to placebo when sufficient islet mass is transplanted and when standardized immunosuppression with ATG is used for induction. However, further studies are warranted. Investigation of Reparixin and other novel agents under more standardized and optimized conditions would help exclude confounding factors and allow for a more definitive evaluation of their role in improving outcomes in islet transplantation. Clinical trial reg. no. NCT01817959, clinicaltrials.gov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr J. Bachul
- Department of Surgery, The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karolina Golab
- Department of Surgery, The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lindsay Basto
- Department of Surgery, The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Steven Zangan
- Department of Radiology, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jordan S. Pyda
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Peter Borek
- Department of Surgery, The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ling-Jia Wang
- Department of Surgery, The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martin Tibudan
- Department of Surgery, The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Dong-Kha Tran
- Department of Surgery, The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Roi Anteby
- Department of Surgery, The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Gabriela S. Generette
- Department of Surgery, The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Jędrzej Chrzanowski
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Lodz, Lodz, Poland
| | - Laurencia Perea
- Department of Surgery, The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kumar Jayant
- Department of Surgery, The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Aaron Lucander
- Department of Surgery, The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Celeste Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Louis Philipson
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - J. Michael Millis
- Department of Surgery, The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John Fung
- Department of Surgery, The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Piotr Witkowski
- Department of Surgery, The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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Generette GS, Bachul PJ, Golab K, Basto L, Pyda JS, Borek P, Tibudan M, Anteby R, Perea L, Charlton M, Perez-Gutierrez A, Jayant K, Lucander A, Matthews JB, Millis JM, Fung J, Witkowski P. En bloc liver and pancreas transplantation after total pancreatectomy with autologous islet transplantation. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 3:11-17. [PMID: 33409500 PMCID: PMC7785098 DOI: 10.31373/ejtcm/130187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We present a patient with intractable and debilitating pain secondary to chronic pancreatitis who was effectively treated with total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT). Islets engrafted into his liver significantly contributed to improved blood glucose control and quality of life. Subsequently, the patient developed alcohol related acute liver failure and en bloc liver and pancreas transplantation was performed to replace the failing liver with engrafted islets. Pancreas transplantation was required to resolve his life-threatening severe hypoglycemic episodes. Herein, we detail an innovative and multidisciplinary management of this complex medical problem.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Piotr J Bachul
- The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, USA
| | - Karolina Golab
- The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, USA
| | - Lindsay Basto
- The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, USA
| | - Jordan S Pyda
- Department of Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, USA
| | - Peter Borek
- The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, USA
| | - Martin Tibudan
- The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, USA
| | - Roi Anteby
- The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, USA
| | | | | | | | - Kumar Jayant
- The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, USA
| | - Aaron Lucander
- The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, USA
| | | | | | - John Fung
- The Transplantation Institute, University of Chicago, USA
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Bachul PJ, Gołębiewska JE, Basto L, Gołąb K, Anteby R, Wang LJ, Tibudan M, Thomas C, Fendler W, Lucander A, Grybowski DJ, Dębska-Ślizień A, Fung J, Witkowski P. BETA-2 score is an early predictor of graft decline and loss of insulin independence after pancreatic islet allotransplantation. Am J Transplant 2020; 20:844-851. [PMID: 31597009 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.15645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2019] [Revised: 09/10/2019] [Accepted: 09/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to evaluate whether the BETA-2 score is a reliable early predictor of graft decline and loss of insulin independence after islet allotransplantation. Islet transplant procedures were stratified into 3 groups according to clinical outcome: long-term insulin independence without islet graft decline (group 1, N = 9), initial insulin independence with subsequent islet graft decline and loss of insulin independence (group 2, N = 13), and no insulin independence (group 3, N = 13). BETA-2 was calculated on day 75 and multiple times afterwards for up to 145 months posttransplantation. A BETA-2 score cut-off of 17.4 on day 75 posttransplantation was discerned between group 1 and groups 2 and 3 (area under the receiver operating characteristic 0.769, P = .005) with a sensitivity and negative predictive value of 100%. Additionally, BETA-2 ≥ 17.4 at any timepoint during follow-up reflected islet function required for long-term insulin independence. While BETA-2 did not decline below 17.4 for each of the 9 cases from group 1, the score decreased below 17.4 for all transplants from group 2 with subsequent loss of insulin independence. The reduction of BETA-2 below 17.4 predicted 9 (1.5-21) months in advance subsequent islet graft decline and loss of insulin independence (P = .03). This finding has important implications for posttransplant monitoring and patient care.
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Affiliation(s)
- Piotr J Bachul
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Justyna E Gołębiewska
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Lindsay Basto
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Karolina Gołąb
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Roi Anteby
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois.,Faculty of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel
| | - Ling-Jia Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Martin Tibudan
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Celeste Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Wojciech Fendler
- Department of Biostatistics and Translational Medicine, Medical University of Łódź, Łódź, Poland
| | - Aaron Lucander
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Alicja Dębska-Ślizień
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - John Fung
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Piotr Witkowski
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Savari O, Golab K, Solomina J, Konsur E, Cieply K, Ramachandran S, Tekin Z, Schenck L, Zhang SS, Tibudan M, Posner MC, Witkowski P. Total Pancreatectomy with Islet Autotransplantation for the Ampullary Cancer. A Case Report. J Gastrointest Cancer 2020; 50:543-547. [PMID: 29159772 PMCID: PMC6675755 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-017-0029-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Omid Savari
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karolina Golab
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julia Solomina
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Evelyn Konsur
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kamil Cieply
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Zehra Tekin
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lindsay Schenck
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sharon S Zhang
- Department of Pathology, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martin Tibudan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Piotr Witkowski
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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9
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Gołębiewska JE, Bachul PJ, Fillman N, Kijek MR, Basto L, Para M, Perea L, Gołąb K, Wang LJ, Tibudan M, Dębska-Ślizień A, Matthews JB, Fung J, Witkowski P. Early Infectious Complications After Total Pancreatectomy with Islet Autotransplantation: a Single Center Experience. J Gastrointest Surg 2019; 23:2201-2210. [PMID: 30719679 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-019-04118-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION We assessed whether positive microbiological cultures from the islet preparation had any effect on the risk of infectious complications (IC) after total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TPIAT) in our center. METHODS We analyzed preservation fluid and final islet product surveillance cultures with reference to clinical data of patients undergoing TPIAT. All patients received routine prophylactic broad-spectrum antibiotics. RESULTS The study involved 10 men and 18 women with a median age of 39 years. Over 30% of surveillance cultures during pancreas processing grew bacterial strains with predominantly polymicrobial contaminations (13 of 22 (59%)). At least one positive culture was identified in almost half of the patients (46%) undergoing TPIAT and a third had both surveillance cultures positive. Infectious complications affected 50% of patients. After excluding cases of PICC line-associated bacteremia/fungemia present on admission, incidence of IC was higher in cases of positive final islet product culture than in those with negative result (57% vs. 21%), which also corresponded with the duration of chronic pancreatitis (p = 0.04). Surgical site infections were the most common IC, followed by fever of unknown origin. There was no concordance between pathogens isolated from the pancreas and those identified during the infection. CONCLUSIONS While IC was common among TPIAT patients, we found no concordance between pathogens isolated from the pancreas and those identified during infection. Contamination of the final islet product was of clinical importance and could represent a surrogate marker for higher susceptibility to infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna E Gołębiewska
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Transplantation Institute, 5841 S. Maryland Ave. MC5027, Room J-517, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr J Bachul
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Transplantation Institute, 5841 S. Maryland Ave. MC5027, Room J-517, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
- Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalie Fillman
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Transplantation Institute, 5841 S. Maryland Ave. MC5027, Room J-517, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Mark R Kijek
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Transplantation Institute, 5841 S. Maryland Ave. MC5027, Room J-517, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Lindsay Basto
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Transplantation Institute, 5841 S. Maryland Ave. MC5027, Room J-517, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Monica Para
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Transplantation Institute, 5841 S. Maryland Ave. MC5027, Room J-517, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Laurencia Perea
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Transplantation Institute, 5841 S. Maryland Ave. MC5027, Room J-517, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Karolina Gołąb
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Transplantation Institute, 5841 S. Maryland Ave. MC5027, Room J-517, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Ling-Jia Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Transplantation Institute, 5841 S. Maryland Ave. MC5027, Room J-517, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Martin Tibudan
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Transplantation Institute, 5841 S. Maryland Ave. MC5027, Room J-517, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Alicja Dębska-Ślizień
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Jeffrey B Matthews
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Transplantation Institute, 5841 S. Maryland Ave. MC5027, Room J-517, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - John Fung
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Transplantation Institute, 5841 S. Maryland Ave. MC5027, Room J-517, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA
| | - Piotr Witkowski
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Medical Center, Transplantation Institute, 5841 S. Maryland Ave. MC5027, Room J-517, Chicago, IL, 60637, USA.
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10
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Gołębiewska JE, Bachul PJ, Wang LJ, Matosz S, Basto L, Kijek MR, Fillman N, Gołąb K, Tibudan M, Dębska-Ślizień A, Millis JM, Fung J, Witkowski P. Validation of a New North American Islet Donor Score for Donor Pancreas Selection and Successful Islet Isolation in a Medium-Volume Islet Transplant Center. Cell Transplant 2018; 28:185-194. [PMID: 30520321 PMCID: PMC6362524 DOI: 10.1177/0963689718816989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The selection of optimal pancreas donors is one of the key factors in determining the ultimate outcome of clinical islet isolation. North American Islet Donor Score (NAIDS) allows for estimating the chance of the success of islet isolation. It was developed based on the data from over 1000 donors from 11 islet isolation centers and validated in the University of Alberta, Edmonton, on the cohort from the most active islet transplant center. Now we aimed to also validate it in our much less active program. Areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) and logistic regression analyses were obtained to test if NAIDS would better predict successful islet isolation (defined as post-purification islet yield >400,000 islet equivalents (IEQ)) than previously described Edmonton islet donor score (IDS) and our modified version of IDS. We analyzed the donor scores with reference to 82 of our islet isolation outcomes. The success rate increased proportionally as NAIDS increased, from 0% success in NAIDS < 50 points to 40% success in NAIDS ≥ 80 points. AUROCs were 0.67 (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.55–0.79) for NAIDS, 0.58 (95% CI 0.44–0.71) for modified IDS, and 0.51 (95% CI 0.37–0.65) for IDS and did not differ significantly. However, based on logistic regression analyses, NAIDS was the only statistically significant predictor of successful isolation (p = 0.01). The main advantage of NAIDS is an enhanced ability to discriminate poor-quality donors than previously used scoring systems at University of Chicago, with 0% chance for success when NAIDS was <50 as compared with 40% success rate for IDS <50. NAIDS was found to be the most useful available tool for donor pancreas selection in clinical and research practice in our center, allowing for identification and rejection of poor-quality donors, saving time and resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna E Gołębiewska
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,2 Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr J Bachul
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,3 Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Ling-Jia Wang
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sabrina Matosz
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lindsay Basto
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark R Kijek
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Natalie Fillman
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karolina Gołąb
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martin Tibudan
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alicja Dębska-Ślizień
- 2 Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - J Michael Millis
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - John Fung
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Piotr Witkowski
- 1 Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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11
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Gołębiewska JE, Bachul PJ, Fillman N, Basto L, Kijek MR, Gołąb K, Wang LJ, Tibudan M, Thomas C, Dębska-Ślizień A, Gelrud A, Matthews JB, Millis JM, Fung J, Witkowski P. Assessment of simple indices based on a single fasting blood sample as a tool to estimate beta-cell function after total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation - a prospective study. Transpl Int 2018; 32:280-290. [PMID: 30353611 DOI: 10.1111/tri.13364] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/19/2018] [Revised: 10/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
We investigated six indices based on a single fasting blood sample for evaluation of the beta-cell function after total pancreatectomy with islet autotransplantation (TP-IAT). The Secretory Unit of Islet Transplant Objects (SUITO), transplant estimated function (TEF), homeostasis model assessment (HOMA-2B%), C-peptide/glucose ratio (CP/G), C-peptide/glucose creatinine ratio (CP/GCr) and BETA-2 score were compared against a 90-min serum glucose level, weighted mean C-peptide in mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT), beta score and the Igls score adjusted for islet function in the setting of IAT. We analyzed values from 32 MMTTs in 15 patients after TP-IAT with a follow-up of up to 3 years. Four (27%) individuals had discontinued insulin completely prior to day 75, while 6 out of 12 patients (50%) did not require insulin support at 1-year follow-up with HbA1c 6.0% (5.5-6.8). BETA-2 was the most consistent among indices strongly correlating with all reference measures of beta-cell function (r = 0.62-0.68). In addition, it identified insulin independence (cut-off = 16.2) and optimal/good versus marginal islet function in the Igls score well, with AUROC of 0.85 and 0.96, respectively. Based on a single fasting blood sample, BETA-2 score has the most reliable discriminant value for the assessment of graft function in patients undergoing TP-IAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna E Gołębiewska
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Piotr J Bachul
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.,Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Natalie Fillman
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Lindsay Basto
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Mark R Kijek
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karolina Gołąb
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ling-Jia Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martin Tibudan
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Celeste Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Alicja Dębska-Ślizień
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Andres Gelrud
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - John Fung
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Piotr Witkowski
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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12
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Gołębiewska J, Solomina J, Kijek MR, Kotukhov A, Basto L, Gołąb K, Bachul PJ, Konsur E, Ciepły K, Fillman N, Wang LJ, Thomas CC, Philipson LH, Tibudan M, Krenc A, Dębska-Ślizień A, Fung J, Witkowski P. External Validation of the Newly Developed BETA-2 Scoring System for Pancreatic Islet Graft Function Assessment. Transplant Proc 2018; 49:2340-2346. [PMID: 29198674 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND BETA-2 score using a single fasting blood sample was developed to estimate beta-cell function after islet transplantation (ITx) and was validated internally by a high ITx volume center (Edmonton). The goal was to validate BETA-2 externally, in our center. METHODS Areas under receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROCs) were obtained to see if beta score or BETA-2 would better detect insulin independence and glucose intolerance. RESULTS We analyzed values from 48 mixed meal tolerance tests (MMTTs) in 4 ITx recipients with a long-term follow-up to 140 months (LT group) and from 54 MMTTs in 13 short-term group patients (ST group). AUROC for no need for insulin support was 0.776 (95% confidence interval [CI] 0.539-1, P = .02) and 0.922 (95% CI 0.848-0.996, P < .001) for beta score and 0.79 (95% CI 0.596-0.983, P = .003) and 0.941 (95% CI 0.86-1, P < .001) for BETA-2, in LT and ST groups, respectively, and did not differ significantly. In LT group BETA-2 score ≥ 13.03 predicted no need for insulin supplementation with sensitivity of 98%, specificity of 50%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 93%, and negative predictive value (NPV) of 75%. In ST group the optimal cutoff was ≥13.63 with sensitivity of 92% and specificity, PPV, and NPV 82% to 95%. For the detection of glucose intolerance BETA-2 cutoffs were <19.43 in LT group and <17.23 in ST group with sensitivity > 76% and specificity, PPV, and NPV > 80% in both groups. CONCLUSION BETA-2 score was successfully validated externally and is a practical tool allowing for frequent and reliable assessments of islet graft function based on a single fasting blood sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Gołębiewska
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA; Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - J Solomina
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M R Kijek
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - A Kotukhov
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - L Basto
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - K Gołąb
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - P J Bachul
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - E Konsur
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - K Ciepły
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - N Fillman
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - L-J Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - C C Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - L H Philipson
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - M Tibudan
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - A Krenc
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - A Dębska-Ślizień
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - J Fung
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA
| | - P Witkowski
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, USA.
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13
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Gołębiewska JE, Solomina J, Thomas C, Kijek MR, Bachul PJ, Basto L, Gołąb K, Wang LJ, Fillman N, Tibudan M, Ciepły K, Philipson L, Dębska-Ślizień A, Millis JM, Fung J, Witkowski P. Comparative evaluation of simple indices using a single fasting blood sample to estimate beta cell function after islet transplantation. Am J Transplant 2018; 18:990-997. [PMID: 29218834 DOI: 10.1111/ajt.14620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/29/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
Six single fasting blood sample-based indices-Secretory Unit of Islet Transplant Objects (SUITO), Transplant Estimated Function (TEF), Homeostasis Model Assessment (HOMA)2-B%, C-peptide/glucose ratio (CP/G), C-peptide/glucose creatinine ratio (CP/GCr), and BETA-2 score-were compared against commonly used 90-minute mixed meal tolerance test (MMTT) serum glucose and beta score to assess which of them best recognizes the state of acceptable blood glucose control without insulin supplementation after islet allotransplantation (ITx). We also tested whether the indices could identify the success of ITx based on the Igls classification of beta cell graft function. We analyzed values from 47 MMTT tests in 4 patients with up to 140 months follow-up and from 54 MMTT tests in 13 patients with up to 42 months follow-up. SUITO, CP/G, HOMA2-B%, and BETA-2 correlated well with the 90-minute glucose of the MMTT and beta-score (r 0.54-0.76), whereas CP/GCr showed a modest performance (r 0.41-0.52) while TEF showed little correlation. BETA-2 and SUITO were the best identifiers and predictors of the need for insulin support, glucose intolerance, and ITx success (P < .001), while HOMA2-B% and TEF were unreliable. Single fasting blood sample SUITO and BETA-2 scores are very practical alternative tools that allow for frequent assessments of graft function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justyna E Gołębiewska
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | - Julia Solomina
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Celeste Thomas
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Mark R Kijek
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Piotr J Bachul
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.,Department of Anatomy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Krakow, Poland
| | - Lindsay Basto
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Karolina Gołąb
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Ling-Jia Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Martin Tibudan
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - Kamil Ciepły
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | | | - Alicja Dębska-Ślizień
- Department of Nephrology, Transplantology and Internal Medicine, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - John Fung
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
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14
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Gołąb K, Grose R, Trzonkowski P, Wickrema A, Tibudan M, Marek-Trzonkowska N, Matosz S, Solomina J, Ostrega D, Michael Millis J, Witkowski P. Utilization of leukapheresis and CD4 positive selection in Treg isolation and the ex-vivo expansion for a clinical application in transplantation and autoimmune disorders. Oncotarget 2018; 7:79474-79484. [PMID: 27821811 PMCID: PMC5346728 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.13101] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2016] [Accepted: 10/26/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Adoptive transfer of T regulatory cells (Tregs) is of great interest as a novel immunosuppressive therapy in autoimmune disorders and transplantation. Obtaining a sufficient number of stable and functional Tregs generated according to current Good Manufacturing Practice (cGMP) requirements has been a major challenge in introducing Tregs as a clinical therapy. Here, we present a protocol involving leukapheresis and CD4+ cell pre-enrichment prior to Treg sorting, which allows a sufficient number of Tregs for a clinical application to be obtained. With this method there is a decreased requirement for ex-vivo expansion. The protocol was validated in cGMP conditions. Our final Treg product passed all release criteria set for clinical applications. Moreover, during expansion Tregs presented their stable phenotype: percentage of CD4+CD25hiCD127− and CD4+FoxP3+ Tregs was > 95% and > 80%, respectively, and Tregs maintained proper immune suppressive function in vitro. Our results suggest that utilization of leukapheresis and CD4 positive selection during Treg isolation improves the likelihood of obtaining a sufficient number of high quality Treg cells during subsequent ex-vivo expansion and they can be applied clinically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Gołąb
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Randall Grose
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, Australia
| | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Amittha Wickrema
- Department of Medicine, Section of Hematology-Oncology, Cancer Research Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Martin Tibudan
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | | | - Sabrina Matosz
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Julia Solomina
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Diane Ostrega
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - J Michael Millis
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
| | - Piotr Witkowski
- Department of Surgery, Section of Transplantation, University of Chicago, Chicago, USA
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15
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Gołąb K, Grose R, Placencia V, Wickrema A, Solomina J, Tibudan M, Konsur E, Ciepły K, Marek-Trzonkowska N, Trzonkowski P, Millis JM, Fung J, Witkowski P. Cell banking for regulatory T cell-based therapy: strategies to overcome the impact of cryopreservation on the Treg viability and phenotype. Oncotarget 2018; 9:9728-9740. [PMID: 29515766 PMCID: PMC5839397 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2017] [Accepted: 11/10/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
The first clinical trials with adoptive Treg therapy have shown safety and potential efficacy. Feasibility of such therapy could be improved if cells are cryopreserved and stored until optimal timing for infusion. Herein, we report the evaluation of two cell-banking strategies for Treg therapy: 1) cryopreservation of CD4+ cells for subsequent Treg isolation/expansion and 2) cryopreservation of ex-vivo expanded Tregs (CD4+CD25hiCD127lo/- cells). First, we checked how cryopreservation affects cell viability and Treg markers expression. Then, we performed Treg isolation/expansion with the final products release testing. We observed substantial decrease in cell number recovery after thawing and overnight culture. This observation might be explained by the high percentage of necrotic and apoptotic cells found just after thawing. Furthermore, we noticed fluctuations in percentage of CD4+CD25hiCD127- and CD4+FoxP3+ cells obtained from cryopreserved CD4+ as well as Treg cells. However, after re-stimulation Tregs expanded well, presented a stable phenotype and fulfilled the release criteria at the end of expansions. Cryopreservation of CD4+ cells for subsequent Treg isolation/expansion and cryopreservation of expanded Tregs with re-stimulation and expansion after thawing, are promising solutions to overcome detrimental effects of cryopreservation. Both of these cell-banking strategies for Treg therapy can be applied when designing new clinical trials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karolina Gołąb
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Randall Grose
- South Australian Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Veronica Placencia
- Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, Cancer Research Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Amittha Wickrema
- Department of Medicine, Hematology-Oncology, Cancer Research Center, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Julia Solomina
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martin Tibudan
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Evelyn Konsur
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Kamil Ciepły
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Piotr Trzonkowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdańsk, Gdańsk, Poland
| | | | - John Fung
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Piotr Witkowski
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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16
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Wang LJ, Cochet O, Wang XJ, Krzystyniak A, Misawa R, Golab K, Tibudan M, Grose R, Savari O, Millis JM, Witkowski P. Donor height in combination with islet donor score improves pancreas donor selection for pancreatic islet isolation and transplantation. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:1972-4. [PMID: 25131085 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.05.076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
To maximize the islet isolation yield for successful islet transplantation, the key task has been to identify an ideal pancreas donor. Since implementation of the islet donor score in donor selection, we have consistently obtained higher islet yields and transplantation rates. In this study, we tested whether assessing donor height as an independent variable in combination with the donor score could improve the pancreas donor selection. Donor and islet isolation information (n = 22) were collected and studied between 2011 and 2012. Pearson correlation analysis was used in statistical analysis. Donor height as an independent variable was significantly correlated to the weight of the pancreas, pre-Islet Equivalents (pre-IEQ), post-IEQ, and IDS (P < .05). When donor with height of 179 cm ± 3 was selected in combination with IDS > 80, the clinical islet transplantation rate reached 80%.
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Affiliation(s)
- L J Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - O Cochet
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - X J Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL; Institute of Hepatobiliary Surgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - A Krzystyniak
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - R Misawa
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - K Golab
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - M Tibudan
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - R Grose
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - O Savari
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - J M Millis
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL
| | - P Witkowski
- Department of Surgery, Division of Abdominal Organ Transplantation, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL.
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17
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Gołąb K, Kizilel S, Bal T, Hara M, Zielinski M, Grose R, Savari O, Wang XJ, Wang LJ, Tibudan M, Krzystyniak A, Marek-Trzonkowska N, Millis JM, Trzonkowski P, Witkowski P. Improved coating of pancreatic islets with regulatory T cells to create local immunosuppression by using the biotin-polyethylene glycol-succinimidyl valeric acid ester molecule. Transplant Proc 2015; 46:1967-71. [PMID: 25131084 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2014.05.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We showed that T regulatory (Treg) cells can be attached to the surface of pancreatic islets providing local immunoprotection. Further optimization of the method can improve coating efficiency, which may prolong graft survival. In this study, we compared the effectiveness of two different molecules used for binding of the Tregs to the surface of pancreatic islets. Our aim was to increase the number of Treg cells attached to islets without compromising islets viability and function. METHODS The cell surface of human Treg cells and pancreatic islets was modified using biotin-polyethylene glycol-N-hydroxylsuccinimide (biotin-PEG-NHS) or biotin-PEG-succinimidyl valeric acid ester (biotin-PEG-SVA). Then, islets were incubated with streptavidin as islet/Treg cells binding molecule. Treg cells were stained with CellTracker CM-DiL dye and visualized using a Laser Scanning Confocal Microscope. The number of Treg cells attached per islets surface area was analyzed by Imaris software. The effect of coating on islet functionality was determined using the glucose-stimulated insulin response (GSIR) assay. RESULTS The coating procedure with biotin-PEG-SVA allowed for attaching 40% more Treg cells per 1 μm(2) of islet surface. Although viability was comparable, function of the islets after coating using the biotin-PEG-SVA molecule was better preserved than with NHS molecule. GSIR was 62% higher for islets coated with biotin-PEG-SVA compared to biotin-PEG-NHS. CONCLUSION Coating of islets with Treg cells using biotin-PEG-SVA improves effectiveness with better preservation of the islet function. Improvement of the method of coating pancreatic islets with Treg cells could further facilitate the effectiveness of this novel immunoprotective approach and translation into clinical settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Gołąb
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - S Kizilel
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - T Bal
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, College of Engineering, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - M Hara
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Zielinski
- Department of Medicine, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - R Grose
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - O Savari
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - X-J Wang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - L-J Wang
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - M Tibudan
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - A Krzystyniak
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - N Marek-Trzonkowska
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - J M Millis
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - P Trzonkowski
- Department of Clinical Immunology and Transplantology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - P Witkowski
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA.
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18
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Savari O, Golab K, Wang LJ, Schenck L, Grose R, Tibudan M, Ramachandran S, Chon WJ, Posner MC, Millis JM, Matthews JB, Gelrud A, Witkowski P. Preservation of beta cell function after pancreatic islet autotransplantation: University of Chicago experience. Am Surg 2015; 81:421-427. [PMID: 25831191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the rate of insulin independence in patients after total pancreatectomy (TP) and islet autotransplantation in our center. TP followed by islet autotransplantation was performed in 10 patients. Severe unrelenting pain associated with chronic pancreatitis was the major indication for surgery. Islets were isolated using the modified Ricordi method and infused through the portal vein. Exogenous insulin therapy was implemented for at least two months posttransplant to support islet engraftment and was subsequently weaned off, if possible. Median follow-up was 26 months (range, 2 to 60 months). Median islet yield was 158,860 islet equivalents (IEQ) (range, 40,203 to 330,472 IEQ) with an average islet yield of 2,478 IEQ/g (range, 685 to 6,002 IEQ/g) of processed pancreas. One patient developed transient partial portal vein thrombosis, which resolved without sequela. Five (50%) patients are currently off insulin with excellent glucose control and HbA1c below 6. Patients who achieved and maintained insulin independence were transplanted with significantly more islets (median, 202,291 IEQ; range, 145,000 to 330,474 IEQ) than patients who required insulin support (64,348 IEQ; range, 40,203 to 260,476 IEQ; P < 0.05). Patient body mass index and time of chronic pancreatitis prior transplant procedure did not correlate with the outcome. The remaining five patients, who require insulin support, had present C-peptide in blood and experience good glucose control without incidence of severe hypoglycemic episodes. Islet autotransplantation efficiently preserved beta cell function in selected patients with chronic pancreatitis and the outcome correlated with transplanted islet mass.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omid Savari
- Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois
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Wang LJ, Kissler HJ, Wang X, Cochet O, Krzystyniak A, Misawa R, Golab K, Tibudan M, Grzanka J, Savari O, Kaufman DB, Millis M, Witkowski P. Application of Digital Image Analysis to Determine Pancreatic Islet Mass and Purity in Clinical Islet Isolation and Transplantation. Cell Transplant 2014; 24:1195-204. [PMID: 24806436 PMCID: PMC4436081 DOI: 10.3727/096368914x681612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Pancreatic islet mass, represented by islet equivalent (IEQ), is the most important parameter in decision making for clinical islet transplantation. To obtain IEQ, the sample of islets is routinely counted under a microscope and discarded thereafter. Islet purity, another parameter in islet processing, is routinely assessed by estimation only. In this study, we validated our digital image analysis (DIA) system by using the software of Image Pro Plus and a custom-designed Excel template to assess islet mass and purity to better comply with current good manufacturing practice (cGMP) standards. Human islet samples (60 collected from a single isolation and 24 collected from 12 isolations) were captured as calibrated digital images for the permanent record. Seven trained technicians participated in determination of IEQ and purity by the manual counting method (manual image counting, Manual I) and DIA. IEQ count showed statistically significant correlations between the Manual I and DIA in all sample comparisons (r > 0.819 and p < 0.0001). A statistically significant difference in IEQ between Manual I and DIA was not found in all sample groups (p > 0.05). In terms of purity determination, statistically significant differences between assessment and DIA measurement were found in high-purity 100-µl samples (p < 0.005) and low-purity 100-µl samples (p < 0.001) of the single isolation. In addition, islet particle number (IPN) and the IEQ/IPN ratio did not differ statistically between Manual I and DIA. In conclusion, the DIA used in this study is a reliable technique to determine IEQ and purity. Islet sample preserved as a digital image and results produced by DIA can be permanently stored for verification, technical training, and information exchange among islet centers. Therefore, DIA complies better with cGMP requirements than the manual counting method. We propose DIA as a quality control tool to supplement the established standard manual method for islet counting and purity estimation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-Jia Wang
- Department of Surgery, Division of Transplantation, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
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20
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Wang LJ, Young S, Misawa R, Azzam R, Wang X, Gołąb K, Cochet O, Savari O, Tibudan M, Millis JM, Matthews JB, Witkowski P. Chronic pancreatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis--first report of intrahepatic autologous islet transplantation. J Gastrointest Surg 2014; 18:845-50. [PMID: 24297649 PMCID: PMC4435941 DOI: 10.1007/s11605-013-2414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2013] [Accepted: 11/04/2013] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We are reporting first successful intrahepatic autologous islet transplantation after total pancreatectomy in a patient with chronic pancreatitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis. METHODS Total pancreatectomy and subsequent islet autotransplantation were performed in a 16-year-old boy with intractable pain due to chronic pancreatitis in the setting of ulcerative colitis and primary sclerosing cholangitis (PSC). Liver biopsy revealed PSC with focal bridging fibrosis. The pancreas was surgically removed and digested, and islets were isolated, highly purified, and infused intraportally. RESULTS Over 18-month follow-up, the patient did not show progression of chronic liver disease or signs of portal hypertension. Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography revealed no new changes, and liver biopsy did not show progression of the periportal fibrosis. Pain medication was weaned over 12 months at which time glycemic control was excellent without exogenous insulin supplementation. HbgA1c was 5.9. Fifteen months after the procedure, stimulation with a mixed meal led to a fourfold increase of serum C-peptide and an eightfold increase of insulin level. CONCLUSION Pancreatic autologous islets can be successfully transplanted into a liver affected by PSC without compromising hepatic or graft function. Durability of the procedure may be limited in the future by the natural course of the liver injury caused by PSC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling-jia Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Sona Young
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ryosuke Misawa
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Ruba Azzam
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Xiaojun Wang
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Karolina Gołąb
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Olivia Cochet
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Omid Savari
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Martin Tibudan
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | | | - Piotr Witkowski
- Department of Surgery, University of Chicago, Chicago, IL, USA,Department of Surgery, University of Chicago Transplant Center, 5841 S. Maryland Ave, MC 5026, J-517, Chicago, IL 60637, USA
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Gołąb K, Krzystyniak A, Marek-Trzonkowska N, Misawa R, Wang LJ, Wang X, Cochet O, Tibudan M, Langa P, Millis JM, Trzonkowski P, Witkowski P. Impact of culture medium on CD4+ CD25highCD127lo/neg Treg expansion for the purpose of clinical application. Int Immunopharmacol 2013; 16:358-63. [DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2013.02.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2013] [Accepted: 02/18/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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Bishnoi SW, Lin YJ, Tibudan M, Huang Y, Nakaema M, Swarup V, Keiderling TA. SERS biodetection using gold-silica nanoshells and nitrocellulose membranes. Anal Chem 2011; 83:4053-60. [PMID: 21504225 DOI: 10.1021/ac103195e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
We have developed a rapid, reproducible, easy to execute, surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) method for detection of low volumes and total amounts of biological antigens using an analyte capture system derived from methods commonly used in Western blotting. Our method is a "half-sandwich" assay with an antigen detection scheme that employs a nitrocellulose (NC) membrane with 200 nm pore size to capture subnanograms of analyte and concentrate them in a small area from applied volumes as low as one microliter. The SERS probes used for detection consist of gold-silica nanoshells modified with a two-component mixed monolayer system. One component consists of a poly(ethylene glycol) (PEG)-modified Raman-active chromophore bound to the gold surface which allows for SERS detection and imparts particle stability. The second component uses (ortho-pyridyl) disulfide-PEG-succinimidyl ester to couple the recognition antibody to the particle surface. By controlling the reaction time and concentration of thiols, a mixed monolayer is prepared on the nanoshell surface with the ability to recognize low concentrations of analyte and generate reproducible SERS signals. Using this strategy, we have achieved SERS signals that are proportional to antigen present on the membrane allowing detection of total antigen amounts as low as 1.25 ng for some cases. The performance of this new SERS bioassay has been tested with a variety of potential antigens, demonstrating the potential for multiplexed detection of analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Whaley Bishnoi
- Department of Chemistry, Illinois Institute of Technology, 3101 S. Dearborn Street, Chicago, Illinois 60616, USA.
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Abstract
Myocilin (MYOC) and optineurin (OPTN) are two genes linked to glaucoma, a major blinding disease. To investigate the possible molecular interactions between MYOC and OPTN genes, we over-expressed MYOC and examined its effect on the level of endogenous OPTN in human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells and vice versa. We noted that over-expressing MYOC did not affect the OPTN level, whereas OPTN over-expression induced an up-regulation of the endogenous MYOC. This induction was also observed in other ocular and non-ocular cell types including PC12 cells. The endogenous levels of both OPTN and MYOC genes were in addition found increased when PC12 cells underwent differentiation upon treatment with nerve growth factor (NGF). Over-expression of OPTN resulted in prolonged turnover rate of MYOC mRNA but had little effect on the promoter activity of the MYOC gene. The over-expressed OPTN was localized in the cytoplasm, not translocated into the nucleus. These results indicate that interaction exists between OPTN and MYOC genes. Regulation of MYOC expression by OPTN is achieved primarily through control of the mRNA stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Chan Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
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Sakai H, Shen X, Koga T, Park BC, Noskina Y, Tibudan M, Yue BYJT. Mitochondrial association of myocilin, product of a glaucoma gene, in human trabecular meshwork cells. J Cell Physiol 2007; 213:775-84. [PMID: 17516541 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.21147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The trabecular meshwork (TM), an ocular tissue next to the cornea, is a major site for regulation of the aqueous humor outflow. Malfunctioning of this tissue is believed to be responsible for development of glaucoma, a major blinding disease. Myocilin is a gene directly linked to the most common form of glaucoma. Its protein product has been localized to both intra- and extra-cellular sites in TM cells. This study was to investigate the association of myocilin with mitochondria in TM cells. In vitro mitochondrial import assays showed that myocilin was imported to the TM mitochondria, targeting to mitochondrial membranes and/or the intermembrane space. The targeting was mediated mostly via the amino-terminal region of myocilin. When myocilin expression was induced either by treatment with dexamethasone or transfection with a myocilin construct, the mitochondrial membrane potential in TM cells, as assessed by JC-1 staining, was lowered. Subcellular fractionation and Western blot analyses confirmed that a portion of myocilin sedimented with the mitochondrial fractions. Upon anti-Fas treatment to provoke apoptosis, an increase of myocilin distribution in cytosolic fraction was observed, suggesting that myocilin was partially released from mitochondrial compartments. These results confirmed the association of myocilin with TM cell mitochondria and indicated that myocilin may have a proapoptotic role in TM cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Sakai
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, Illinois 60612, USA
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Park BC, Shen X, Fautsch MP, Tibudan M, Johnson DH, Yue BYJT. Optimized bacterial expression of myocilin proteins and functional comparison of bacterial and eukaryotic myocilins. Mol Vis 2006; 12:832-40. [PMID: 16902400 PMCID: PMC2077819] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/11/2023] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To maximize the expression level of myocilin and its truncated proteins in Escherichia coli (E. coli) and to examine the biological effects of bacterially expressed myocilin as compared to eukaryotic myocilin on cultured human trabecular meshwork (TM) cells. METHODS Myocilin full length (1-504 amino acids) and two truncated proteins, myocilin 1-270 and 271-504, were expressed and purified from an E. coli strain, Rosetta2(DE3)pLysS. The eukaryotic myocilin was purified from cultured medium of a transformed TM cell line (TM5) transduced with feline immunodeficiency virus that contains an internal cassette expressing full length myocilin. The morphology and adhesion of human TM cells plated either on fibronectin alone or on fibronectin/purified myocilin mixtures were assessed by phase contrast microscopy. Actin cytoskeleton was examined using Oregon Green phalloidin. Immunofluorescence staining for paxillin was also performed. RESULTS The expression of full length and truncated myocilin proteins in Rosetta2(DE3)pLysS was markedly increased especially when the bacteria were grown in media supplemented with 1.0% glucose. Cell adhesion was impaired and microspikes were formed when TM cells were plated onto fibronectin/bacterial full length myocilin mixtures. Loss of actin stress fibers and focal adhesions was also observed. This myocilin phenotype was also seen with myocilin 1-270, but not with myocilin 271-504. The eukaryotic full length myocilin produced nearly identical de-adhesive effects as those of the bacterially expressed myocilin. CONCLUSIONS The condition for a high level expression of full length and truncated myocilins in E. coli was optimized. The bacterial and eukaryotic recombinant full length myocilin produced similar biological consequence on TM cells. The myocilin phenotype appears to be largely due to the NH(2)-terminal half of the protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bum-Chan Park
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago College of Medicine, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
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Abstract
Thermus aquaticus (Taq) DNA polymerase elongation is blocked by several DNA adducts. This property has been exploited in polymerase chain reaction (PCR) methods to analyze cellular DNA damage and repair after exposure to damaging agents. Such methods have not been applied previously to detect nucleoside analog incorporation into cellular DNA. 2-Chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (CldAdo), a deoxyadenosine analog, is clinically effective for hairy cell leukemia. CldAdo is taken up by cells, converted to the triphosphate, and incorporated into cellular DNA. Here, we measured by primer extension the ability of CldAMP residues in 98-base single-stranded DNA to block Taq elongation. In contrast to control DNA, no full-length 98-mers were produced on CldAMP-containing templates, and Taq polymerase was halted at the first CldAMP site. We then examined the possibility of using quantitative PCR to measure CldATP incorporation into the N-ras gene after incubation of cultured human leukemia cells with CldAdo or with cisplatin as a positive control for DNA damage. Treatment with either drug resulted in reduced amounts of amplified DNA product compared to untreated cells. CldAMP residues within cellular DNA inhibited PCR amplification in a dose-dependent manner; 100 nM CldAdo produced approximately 0.4 CldAMP sites within a 523-bp region of the N-ras sequence. Thus, PCR analysis with Taq polymerase provides a sensitive assessment of nucleoside analog incorporation after cellular exposure to antileukemic drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- S H Yuh
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Pharmacology, Chicago Medical School, 3333 Green Bay Road, North Chicago, Illinois, 60064, USA
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27
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Abstract
2-Chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine [CldAdo (cladribine)], a novel effective antileukemic agent, was examined for its effects on cellular mitochondrial function and DNA content after long term (< or = 7-day) incubation of cultured CCRF-CEM human leukemia cells. Dideoxycytidine (ddC), which is known to have a delayed effect on mitochondrial DNA content, was used as a positive control to monitor mitochondrial dysfunction. CldAdo at 6-16 nM was toxic to cells within 24 hr, which is in contrast to 300 nM ddC, which had no effect on cell growth for the first 4 days of treatment. Cellular lactic acid production was used to monitor concomitant perturbations in oxidative phosphorylation during drug treatment. Unlike the delayed increase in lactate observed with ddC exposure, CldAdo-treated cells exhibited a 2-2.4-fold increase in lactate levels after 2 days of exposure to 16 nM CldAdo. By days 4 and 7, however, lactate production returned to control levels. Shorter incubations with CldAdo revealed that lactate levels began to increase within 12 hr of drug exposure, paralleling cytotoxicity. We also examined mitochondrial DNA content during drug treatment by competitive polymerase chain reaction. ddC (300 nM) reduced mitochondrial DNA levels from approximately 1000 copies/untreated cell to approximately 130 copies/cell after 7 days of exposure. In contrast, cytotoxic doses of CldAdo had little or no effect on mitochondrial DNA content during the 1-week incubation. Thus, the early CldAdo-induced perturbation of mitochondrial function was not associated with a loss of mitochondrial DNA per cell. In addition, no evidence of DNA laddering, indicative of cellular apoptosis, was detected at these dosage levels and treatment times.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hentosh
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Biology, Chicago Medical School, North Chicago, Illinois 60064, USA
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Hentosh P, Tibudan M. In vitro transcription of DNA containing 2-chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine monophosphate. Mol Pharmacol 1995; 48:897-904. [PMID: 7476921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
2-Chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (cladribine [CldAdo]) represents one of the most promising therapeutic agents for the treatment of pediatric leukemias and adult hairy cell leukemia. We examined whether CldAdo incorporation into DNA inhibited subsequent transcription in vitro using purified phage RNA polymerases. Control (Ade-containing) and 2-chloroadenine (ClAde)-substituted DNA strands that contained a RNA polymerase promoter sequence were synthesized by a modified asymmetric polymerase chain reaction. Complementary (+) and (-) strands were annealed, incubated with phage RNA polymerase, and analyzed with denaturing PAGE. When ClAde was present in both strands, the yield of full-length transcripts (approximately equal to 100 bases) was reduced by approximately equal to 90% relative to control DNA. Transcription was also reduced to a slightly lesser degree when substitutions occurred in only one of two strands. The observed low transcript levels on ClAde-containing DNA were due in part to the presence of the analogue within the promoter region. With gel shift binding assays, we demonstrated that RNA polymerase did not bind as well to ClAde-containing promoters. Polymerase/DNA complex formation was decreased by approximately equal to 80% compared with that on control unsubstituted promoters. In addition, on binding to the substituted promoter, RNA polymerase had an altered conformation that led to enhanced proteolytic clipping by endoproteinase Glu-C. Transcript sequence analysis indicated that SP6 RNA polymerase read through template ClAde residues with no apparent misincorporation into RNA. Our results provide insight into a novel effect of this nucleoside analogue that may explain its cytotoxicity in nondividing cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hentosh
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Biology, Chicago Medical School, Illinois 60064, USA
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29
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Abstract
2-Chloro-2'-deoxyadenosine (cladribine), an analog of deoxyadenosine, is an important new drug for the treatment of hairy cell leukemia and other forms of adult and pediatric leukemia. By a gel-shift binding assay, we identified an activity in HeLa nuclear extracts that recognizes and binds to oligonucleotides substituted with 2-chloroadenine (ClAde). The activity was specific for ClAde residues because control oligomers did not readily compete out the complex. The binding factor was a monomeric protein that was resistant to inactivation by heating at 45 degrees C but sensitive to heating at 65 degrees C, proteinase K treatment, and 5 mM ZnCl2. This protein, designated ClAde recognition protein (CARP), appeared to be related to a protein that recognized other forms of DNA damage. Gel-shift binding reactions with ultraviolet (UV)-irradiated oligomers revealed a UV-specific protein/DNA complex that had an electrophoretic mobility similar to that of the CARP/DNA complex, and CARP binding to ClAde-containing oligomers was readily competed out by UV-irradiated DNA. Moreover, CARP activity was present in extracts prepared from UV-sensitive xeroderma pigmentosum group A cells but not in a subset of cells from group E, suggesting that CARP was similar to a previously described repair associated factor, xeroderma pigmentosum-E binding factor. Our findings support a possible repair process for ClAde residues incorporated into cellular DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- P Hentosh
- Department of Pharmacology and Molecular Biology, Chicago Medical School, Illinois 60064, USA
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