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Florent M, Noël T, Ruprich-Robert G, Da Silva B, Fitton-Ouhabi V, Chastin C, Papon N, Chapeland-Leclerc F. Nonsense and missense mutations in FCY2 and FCY1 genes are responsible for flucytosine resistance and flucytosine-fluconazole cross-resistance in clinical isolates of Candida lusitaniae. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2009; 53:2982-90. [PMID: 19414575 PMCID: PMC2704628 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00880-08] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2008] [Revised: 08/16/2008] [Accepted: 04/14/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this work was to elucidate the molecular mechanisms of flucytosine (5FC) resistance and 5FC/fluconazole (FLC) cross-resistance in 11 genetically and epidemiologically unrelated clinical isolates of Candida lusitaniae. We first showed that the levels of transcription of the FCY2 gene encoding purine-cytosine permease (PCP) in the isolates were similar to that in the wild-type strain, 6936. Nucleotide sequencing of the FCY2 alleles revealed that 5FC and 5FC/FLC resistance could be correlated with a cytosine-to-thymine substitution at nucleotide 505 in the fcy2 genes of seven clinical isolates, resulting in a nonsense mutation and in a putative nonfunctional truncated PCP of 168 amino acids. Reintroducing a FCY2 wild-type allele at the fcy2 locus of a ura3 auxotrophic strain derived from the clinical isolate CL38 fcy2(C505T) restored levels of susceptibility to antifungals comparable to those of the wild-type strains. In the remaining four isolates, a polymorphic nucleotide was found in FCY1 where the nucleotide substitution T26C resulted in the amino acid replacement M9T in cytosine deaminase. Introducing this mutated allele into a 5FC- and 5FC/FLC-resistant fcy1Delta strain failed to restore antifungal susceptibility, while susceptibility was obtained by introducing a wild-type FCY1 allele. We thus found a correlation between the fcy1 T26C mutation and both 5FC and 5FC/FLC resistances. We demonstrated that only two genetic events occurred in 11 unrelated clinical isolates of C. lusitaniae to support 5FC and 5FC/FLC resistance: either the nonsense mutation C505T in the fcy2 gene or the missense mutation T26C in the fcy1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Florent
- EA209 Eucaryotes Pathogènes, Transports Membranaires et Chimiorésistances, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 4 Avenue de l'Observatoire, Paris, France
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Reboutier D, Piednoël M, Boisnard S, Conti A, Chevalier V, Florent M, Gibot-Leclerc S, Da Silva B, Chastin C, Fallague K, Favel A, Noël T, Ruprich-Robert G, Chapeland-Leclerc F, Papon N. Combination of different molecular mechanisms leading to fluconazole resistance in a Candida lusitaniae clinical isolate. Diagn Microbiol Infect Dis 2008; 63:188-93. [PMID: 19070454 DOI: 10.1016/j.diagmicrobio.2008.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2008] [Revised: 10/22/2008] [Accepted: 10/31/2008] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
We report on the underlying molecular mechanisms likely responsible for the high-level fluconazole resistance in a Candida lusitaniae clinical isolate. Fluconazole resistance correlated with overexpression of ERG11 and of several efflux pump genes, in particular, the orthologs of the Candida albicans MDR1, PDR16, CDR1, CDR2, and YOR1.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Reboutier
- Programme Chimiorésistance des Levures Pathogènes, EA209, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris Descartes, 75006 Paris, France
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Boisnard S, Ruprich-Robert G, Florent M, Silva BD, Chapeland-Leclerc F, Papon N. Role of Sho1p adaptor in the pseudohyphal development, drugs sensitivity, osmotolerance and oxidant stress adaptation in the opportunistic yeastCandida lusitaniae. Yeast 2008; 25:849-59. [DOI: 10.1002/yea.1636] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022] Open
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Grand A, Jalabert A, Steghens J, Mercier G, Florent M, Hansel-Esteller S, Picaud J. O022 Influence des micronutriments sur les phénomènes de peroxydation lipidique dans les solutés ternaires de nutrition parentérale utilisés en néonatologie. NUTR CLIN METAB 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0985-0562(07)78795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Pigué C, Jeannot JL, Jumas-Bilak E, Florent M. O019 Contrôle microbiologique des mélanges de nutrition parentérale « à la carte » : comparaison d’un milieu diphasique pour hémoculture, de l’automate Bact/Alert® et de l’essai de stérilité selon la pharmacopée européenne. NUTR CLIN METAB 2007. [DOI: 10.1016/s0985-0562(07)78792-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Papon N, Noël T, Florent M, Gibot-Leclerc S, Jean D, Chastin C, Villard J, Chapeland-Leclerc F. Molecular mechanism of flucytosine resistance in Candida lusitaniae: contribution of the FCY2, FCY1, and FUR1 genes to 5-fluorouracil and fluconazole cross-resistance. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2006; 51:369-71. [PMID: 17060521 PMCID: PMC1797687 DOI: 10.1128/aac.00824-06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Inactivation of the FCY2 (cytosine permease), FCY1 (cytosine deaminase), and FUR1 (uracil phosphoribosyltransferase) genes in Candida lusitaniae produced two patterns of resistance to flucytosine. Mutant fur1 demonstrated resistance to 5-fluorouracil, whereas mutants fcy1 and fcy2 demonstrated fluconazole resistance in the presence of subinhibitory flucytosine concentrations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Papon
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales, EA209, UFR des Sciences Pharmaceutiques et Biologiques, Université Paris 5, 4 avenue de l'Observatoire, 75006 Paris, France
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Florent M, Katsahian S, Vekhoff A, Levy V, Rio B, Marie JP, Bouvet A, Cornet M. Prospective Evaluation of a Polymerase Chain Reaction–ELISA Targeted toAspergillus fumigatusandAspergillus flavusfor the Early Diagnosis of Invasive Aspergillosis in Patients with Hematological Malignancies. J Infect Dis 2006; 193:741-7. [PMID: 16453271 DOI: 10.1086/500466] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2005] [Accepted: 10/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/03/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Current laboratory and radiological methods for diagnosis of invasive aspergillosis (IA) lack sensitivity and specificity. METHODS We prospectively evaluated the diagnostic value of twice-weekly screening for circulating Aspergillus fumigatus and A. flavus DNA with a polymerase chain reaction-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA). RESULTS Among the 201 adult patients with hematological malignancies who were included in the study, 55 IA cases were diagnosed. On the basis of the analysis of 1205 serum samples from 167 patients, the sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values of the PCR-ELISA for proven and probable IA cases were 63.6%, 89.7%, 63.6%, and 89.7%, respectively, when samples with 2 consecutive positive results were used. The use of a combination of the PCR-ELISA and a galactomannan (GM) assay increased the sensitivity to 83.3%, increased the negative predictive value to 97.6%, and decreased the specificity to 69.8%. In most patients with IA, PCR-ELISA positivity anticipated or was simultaneous with the initiation of antifungal therapy, the abnormalities found by computed tomography, the mycological/histological diagnosis, and the GM positivity. Overall, 56.3% of the patients had at least 1 positive sample, and the false single-positive rate was 44.8%. CONCLUSIONS In addition to serial screening for GM antigenemia and radiological surveillance, PCR-ELISA may improve the rates of early diagnosis of IA and the management of patients with hematological malignancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martine Florent
- Service de Microbiologie, Hotel-Dieu, Assistance Publique-Hopitaux de Paris (AP-HP), Universite Paris Descartes, Paris, France
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Loubinoux J, Florent M, Merad B, Collobert G, Bouvet A. Epidemiological markers of group A streptococcal infections in France. Indian J Med Res 2004; 119 Suppl:152-4. [PMID: 15232183] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND & OBJECTIVES A limited number of biotypes, T-types, and emm-types have been found to be associated with invasive isolates of group A streptococci, confirming the involvement of the M protein in virulence and its importance as an epidemiological marker. In this study, the epidemiological markers in the clinical isolates of group A streptococci were compared in invasive and non invasive isolates. METHODS From 1998 to 2001, 141 invasive and 353 non invasive isolates in France were studied and their biotype, T-type, and emm-type were determined. RESULTS The invasive isolates were mostly obtained from blood whereas the non invasive isolates were isolated from throat. Most of the isolates were of biotype 1. The invasive isolates were mostly of the T-type 1 associated with emm-type 1. The T-type 4 associated with emm-type 4 and the T-type 28 associated with emm-type 28 were also frequent. Invasive isolates responsible for puerperal sepsis and non invasive isolates were mostly of the T-type 28 associated with emm-type 28. INTERPRETATION & CONCLUSION This study confirms the high prevalence of isolates of biotype 1, T-type 1, and emm-type 1 among invasive isolates of group A streptococci. The emm-type 28 associated with T-type 28 was frequently observed in non-invasive isolates. A prospective study is being conducted to update the prevalence of the different emm-types in France, which will be of importance for the development of future vaccines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Loubinoux
- Centre National de Référence des Streptocoques - Service de Microbiologie, Hôtel Dieu Assistance Publique - Hôpitaux de Paris, Université Paris VI, 1 place du Parvis Notre-Dame, F-75181 Paris Cedex 04, France.
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Cornet M, Florent M, Lefebvre A, Wertheimer C, Perez-Eid C, Bangs MJ, Bouvet A. Tracheopulmonary myiasis caused by a mature third-instar Cuterebra larva: case report and review. J Clin Microbiol 2004; 41:5810-2. [PMID: 14662989 PMCID: PMC308969 DOI: 10.1128/jcm.41.12.5810-5812.2003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Myiasis is the infestation of vertebrate tissues with fly larvae (Diptera). Most human cases in North America are subcutaneous forms due to Dermatobia hominis imported from Central and South America. Human cases of myiasis acquired in North America are rare and are primarily subdermal or ophthalmologic forms of infestation caused by early stages of Cuterebra larvae. We report an unusual case of tracheopulmonary myiasis, resulting from the in situ development of a mature cuterebrine larva associated with high eosinophilia. Only two other cases of tracheopulmonary cuterebrid myiasis have been reported in humans, and they are reviewed herein. Cuterebra myiasis (cuterebrosis) remains a rare and aberrant cause of tracheopulmonary disease and is a newly described cause of eosinophilia in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muriel Cornet
- Service de Microbiologie, Hôtel-Dieu, AP-HP, Université Paris VI, 75181 Paris Cedex 04, France.
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Roué G, Krieger S, Florent M, Roussel M, Duquesne F, Troussard X, Pichereau V, Sola B. Expression of the two alternative [a] and [b] transcripts of CCND1 gene in cyclin D1-expressing B-malignancies: relevance for the pathogenesis. Leukemia 2003; 17:652-5. [PMID: 12646964 DOI: 10.1038/sj.leu.2402817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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Florent M, Ajchenbaum-cymbalista F, Amy C, Rio B, Molina T, Audouin J, Marie JP, Bouvet A, Cornet M. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2001; 20:0441-0442. [DOI: 10.1007/s10096-001-8148-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
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Florent M, Ajchenbaum-Cymbalista F, Amy C, Rio B, Molina T, Audouin J, Marie JP, Bouvet A, Cornet M. Dysphonia and dysphagia as primary manifestations of invasive aspergillosis. Eur J Clin Microbiol Infect Dis 2001; 20:441-2. [PMID: 11476454 DOI: 10.1007/s100960100499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M Florent
- Service de Microbiologie, Hôtel-Dieu, Université Paris VI, France
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Duquesne F, Florent M, Roué G, Troussard X, Sola B. Ectopic expression of cyclin D1 impairs the proliferation and enhances the apoptosis of a murine lymphoid cell line. Cell Death Differ 2001; 8:51-62. [PMID: 11313703 DOI: 10.1038/sj.cdd.4400768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/1999] [Revised: 08/09/2000] [Accepted: 09/07/2000] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Cyclin D1, a key regulator of the cell cycle, acts as an oncogene when over-expressed in several types of cancer. In some B-chronic lymphoproliferative disorders, the over-expression of cyclin D1 protein is thought to confer a proliferative phenotype. We have generated BaF3 pro-B cell derivatives in which cyclin D1 can be induced rapidly and reversibly in a dose-dependent manner by the hormone muristerone A. When non-expressing clones displayed the same proliferative capacity as the parental cell line, in the sub-clones, a moderate induction of cyclin D1 lengthened the proliferation rate. The over-expression of cyclin D1 had the same effects on cell proliferation but also led ultimately to cell death by apoptosis. The induction of cyclin D1 in growth factor-deprived cells as well as in anticancer drug-treated cells also reinforced the magnitude of apoptosis. Thus, the expression of cyclin D1 in lymphoid cells does not confer a proliferative advantage but rather alters the response of cells towards apoptotic stimuli in a p53-independent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- F Duquesne
- Université de Caen, UPRES-EA 2128, UFR de Médecine, CHU Côte de Nacre, 14032 Caen Cedex, France
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Florent M, Godard T, Ballet JJ, Gauduchon P, Sola B. Detection by the comet assay of apoptosis induced in lymphoid cell lines after growth factor deprivation. Cell Biol Toxicol 1999; 15:185-92. [PMID: 10580551 DOI: 10.1023/a:1007641821779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Dysregulation of apoptosis contributes to various diseases such as neurodegenerative or aging disorders, autoimmune syndromes or cancers. Numerous experimental paradigms have been explored to characterize molecular and cellular modulators of apoptosis. Similarly, numerous techniques have been described for detecting and/or quantifying accurately cells committed to apoptosis. Besides the conventional techniques, we describe in this report that the comet assay, which detects DNA single- and double-strand breaks in situ, at the cellular level, is relevant for the characterization of apoptotic cells. The comet assay is very sensitive and detects DNA fragmentation occurring in the apoptotic process as early as exposure of phosphatidylserine residues on the outer leaflet. Thus the comet assay can be used for the recognition of apoptosis that follows the death signal caused, for example, by genotoxic stress as well as lack of survival signal as in growth factor deprivation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Florent
- UPRES-EA 2128, UFR de Médecine, Université de Caen, France
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Advenier E, Cognoni C, Colomb V, Landry C, Pradeau D, Florent M, Goulet O, Ricour C, Corriol O. P.65 Aluminium loading in children on long term-parenteral nutrition: what is new in 1998? Clin Nutr 1998. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(98)80221-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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Florent C, Florent M, Desaint B. [Can gastroduodenal lesions induced by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents be prevented?]. Rev Med Suisse Romande 1992; 112:497-500. [PMID: 1631460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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Florent M. [Rectorrhagia]. Soins 1981; 26:3-4. [PMID: 6978526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
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