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Nabhan M, Egan D, Kreileder M, Zhernovkov V, Timosenko E, Slidel T, Dovedi S, Glennon K, Brennan D, Kolch W. Deciphering the tumour immune microenvironment cell by cell. Immunooncol Technol 2023; 18:100383. [PMID: 37234284 PMCID: PMC10206805 DOI: 10.1016/j.iotech.2023.100383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) have rejuvenated therapeutic approaches in oncology. Although responses tend to be durable, response rates vary in many cancer types. Thus, the identification and validation of predictive biomarkers is a key clinical priority, the answer to which is likely to lie in the tumour microenvironment (TME). A wealth of data demonstrates the huge impact of the TME on ICI response and resistance. However, these data also reveal the complexity of the TME composition including the spatiotemporal interactions between different cell types and their dynamic changes in response to ICIs. Here, we briefly review some of the modalities that sculpt the TME, in particular the metabolic milieu, hypoxia and the role of cancer-associated fibroblasts. We then discuss recent approaches to dissect the TME with a focus on single-cell RNA sequencing, spatial transcriptomics and spatial proteomics. We also discuss some of the clinically relevant findings these multi-modal analyses have yielded.
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Affiliation(s)
- M. Nabhan
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - D. Egan
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - M. Kreileder
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - V. Zhernovkov
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
| | - E. Timosenko
- ICC, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, , UK
| | - T. Slidel
- Oncology Data Science, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, UK
| | - S. Dovedi
- ICC, Research and Early Development, Oncology R&D, AstraZeneca, Cambridge, , UK
| | - K. Glennon
- UCD Gynaecological Oncology Group, UCD School of Medicine Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - D. Brennan
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
- UCD Gynaecological Oncology Group, UCD School of Medicine Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - W. Kolch
- Systems Biology Ireland, School of Medicine, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
- Conway Institute of Biomolecular & Biomedical Research, University College Dublin, Belfield, Ireland
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Moustafa B, Moselhy S, Rabie M, Hammad A, Youssef D, Shouman M, Makar S, Badr A, Mansour S, Ebrahim D, Nabhan M, Ateia F, Abdel-Nabi H, Hussein A, Salman M, Korkor MS, Elbahkiry EA, Dagher M, Selim A, Amer YS, Omar T, Baky AA, Badr A, Attia F, Bahkiry IE, Youssef D, Shouman M, Amer YS, Sarhan A, Soliman NA, Hakim IE, Zotta F. Egyptian pediatric clinical practice adapted guidelines: evidence-based [2] steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) 2022. Egypt Pediatric Association Gaz 2023. [DOI: 10.1186/s43054-022-00118-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Nephrotic syndrome is one of the most common chronic kidney diseases in children. Steroid sensitive type (SSNS) constitutes about 85–90%, whereas steroid-resistant type (SRNS) only 15–20% (Mickinney et al. Pediatr Nephrol 16:1040-1044, 2001). While MCD is the most common histopathology in SS type, children with SRNS have MCD, mesangial proliferative glomerulonephritis, or focal and segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) (International Study Kidney Disease in children, Kidney Int 20;765-771, 1981). SRNS is defined as those who do not show remission after 6 weeks and standard dose of oral steroids ± 3 IV MPD doses (Trautmann et al. Pediatr Nephrol 35:1529-1561, 2020).
Objectives
These national adapted guidelines aim to frame evidence-based recommendations adopted or adapted from the IPNA 2020, KDIGO 2021, and Japanese 2014 de novo guidelines for diagnosis and management of nephrotic children to be presented in two manuscripts: (1) steroid sensitive (SSNS) and (2) steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS).
Methodology
Formulation of key questions was followed with a review of literature guided by our appraised guidelines using AGREE plus appraisal tool. Virtual monthly meetings all through the year 2021 were activated for reviewing and validation of final adaptation evidence-based draft, considering all comments of external reviewers including KDIGO assigned reviewer.
Discussion
Rationale behind the selection of adopted statements and tailoring of others to suit our local facilities, expertise, and our local disease profile was discussed in the text with reasons.
Conclusion
The provided guidelines aim to optimize patient care and outcome and suggest research areas lacking validated research recommendations.
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Abu Elwafa N, Mohammad T, Wageh H, Elias M, Nabhan M, Salah Hassan N, Rehan Youssef A. Fascia Healing after Induced Tibialis Anterior Muscle Strain: an Experimental Study in Wistar Rats. Muscles Ligaments Tendons J 2022. [DOI: 10.32098/mltj.02.2022.06] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Nabhan M, Louka ML, Khairy E, Tash F, Ali-Labib R, El-Habashy S. MicroRNA-181a and its target Smad 7 as potential biomarkers for tracking child acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Gene 2017; 628:253-258. [PMID: 28732737 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2017.07.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2017] [Revised: 05/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common pediatric hematologic tumor. MiR-181a was expected to have a role in the development of hematological malignancies; it might act as tumor suppressor or oncogene. Smad7 was selected as miR-181a target pair. It is a negative regulator for the TGF-β1 signaling pathway. In this study, relative expression levels of miR-181a by quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR), both Smad 7 and TGF-β1 proteins levels by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) were all measured in serum of 60 child, 30 with ALL and 30 age and sex matched healthy child as control group. MiR-181a expression showed highly significant decrease; plus a significant increase and decrease of Smad7 and TGF-β1 protein levels respectively, in serum samples of ALL as compared to control group. MiR-181a expression achieved a highly significant positive and a significant negative correlation with TGF-β1 and Smad7 respectively. Furthermore, the levels of Smad7 and TGF-β1 were negatively correlated with each other (p<0.05). Although, positivity rate of both Smad7 and TGF-β1 in ALL group increased with presence of hepatosplenomegaly, still there was no statistical significance. In conclusion, miR-181a could act as a tumor suppressor in pediatric ALL with over expression of its target pair, Smad7. Smad7 regulates TGF-β1 signaling via a negative feedback loop and mediates the interaction between TGF-β1 and other signaling pathways; suggesting that Smad7 over expression may have therapeutic potential in ALL.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marwa Nabhan
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, P.O. Box 11381, Egypt
| | - Manal L Louka
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, P.O. Box 11381, Egypt
| | - Eman Khairy
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, P.O. Box 11381, Egypt.
| | - Fathy Tash
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, P.O. Box 11381, Egypt
| | - Randa Ali-Labib
- Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Abbassia, Cairo, P.O. Box 11381, Egypt
| | - Safinaz El-Habashy
- Pediatrics Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt
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Fadel FI, Elshamaa MF, Salah A, Nabhan M, Rasheed M, Kamel S, Kandil D, Thabet EH. Fas/Fas Ligand pathways gene polymorphisms in pediatric renal allograft rejection. Transpl Immunol 2016; 37:28-34. [PMID: 27109035 DOI: 10.1016/j.trim.2016.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2016] [Revised: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 04/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND An essential milestone in pediatric transplantation is to find noninvasive biomarkers to monitor acute rejection (AR). In this retrospective (Case-control) study, we examined the role of Fas -670A/G and Fas Ligand (FasL) -843C/T gene polymorphisms in allograft nephropathy in pediatric renal transplant recipients. METHODS In 47 pediatric kidney transplant recipients and 20 healthy controls, Fas -670A/G and FasL -843C/T gene polymorphisms as well as serum soluble Fas Ligand level (sFasL) were measured. RESULTS Serum sFasL levels were significantly higher in transplant recipients children than that in controls (548.25±298.64pg/ml vs 143.17±44.55pg/ml, p=0.0001). There was no significant difference between patients with AR and those without AR in regards to serum sFasL levels (567.70±279.87pg/ml vs 507.85±342.80pg/ml, p=0.56). Fas -670A/G genotypes or alleles were not significantly different between controls and transplant recipients and among transplant recipients with and without AR. (P>0.05 for all). FasL -843C/T genotypes were not different between transplant recipients and controls and among transplant recipients with and without AR (P>0.05 for all). However, Frequency of C allele in transplant patients was significantly higher than that in the control group (44.68% vs 25%, P=0.03). FasL -843C/T alleles were significantly different between patients with and without AR (P=0.03). The percentages of C allele were higher in children with AR (58.82% vs 36.67%). We found that serum FasL and serum creatinine were variables that were independently associated with AR. CONCLUSION This study suggests that FasL gene polymorphisms in peripheral blood might be accurate in detecting cellular AR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatina I Fadel
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | | | - Ahmed Salah
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Marwa Nabhan
- Pediatric Department, Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Maha Rasheed
- Clinical & Chemical Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Solaf Kamel
- Clinical & Chemical Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Dina Kandil
- Clinical & Chemical Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Eman H Thabet
- Clinical & Chemical Pathology Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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El-Fayoumi D, Helmy R, Nabhan M, Soliman N. Visual acuity, fundus changes, and electroretinographic findings in Egyptian children with Bardet-Biedl syndrome. Delta J Ophthalmol 2016. [DOI: 10.4103/1110-9173.178769] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
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Al Nofal AA, Altayar O, BenKhadra K, Qasim Agha OQ, Asi N, Nabhan M, Prokop LJ, Tebben P, Murad MH. Bone turnover markers in Paget's disease of the bone: A Systematic review and meta-analysis. Osteoporos Int 2015; 26:1875-91. [PMID: 26037791 DOI: 10.1007/s00198-015-3095-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2014] [Accepted: 02/27/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to study the utility of the commonly used bone turnover markers in evaluating disease activity in patients with Paget's disease of bone before and after treatment with bisphosphonates. We found good correlation between the bone turnover marker concentrations and disease activity assessed by bone scintigraphy. INTRODUCTION Paget's disease of bone is a common skeletal disorder of the elderly. Bone turnover marker concentrations are used for diagnosis and follow-up. We aimed to compare the available bone turnover markers and determine their utility in assessing disease activity when compared to quantitative bone scintigraphy. METHODS We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis searching MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials, Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, and Scopus. We evaluated total alkaline phosphatase (total ALP), bone-specific alkaline phosphatase (bone ALP), procollagen type 1 amino-terminal propeptide (P1NP), serum, and urine C-terminal telopeptide (uCTx and sCTx, respectively), and urine N-terminal telopeptide (uNTx). The main outcome of interest was the correlation of disease activity with concentrations of bone turnover markers in Paget's disease patients before and after treatment with bisphosphonates. Correlation coefficients were pooled across studies using the random effects model. RESULTS We included 17 observational studies and one trial reporting on 953 patients. Prior to treatment, all studied bone turnover markers had moderate to strong correlation with scintigraphic indices (correlation coefficients ranging from 0.58 to 0.80) with no statistically significant difference between the bone turnover markers overall (p = 0.08). P1NP, uNTx, and bone ALP tend to have higher correlation with scintigraphy. After starting treatment with bisphosphonate, there was moderate to strong correlation with disease activity with all markers except bone ALP (correlation coefficients ranging from 0.43 to 0.70). CONCLUSION The findings of this meta-analysis suggest the Paget's disease activity is best monitored by following P1NP levels. However, total ALP, bone ALP, and uNTx are good alternatives as markers of disease activity in untreated patients. Total ALP and uNTx can be useful in following patients with Paget's disease after treatment if P1NP is not available. Clinicians, however, should take availability, cost, and the presence of liver disease into consideration when deciding which bone turnover marker is most appropriate when evaluating patients with Paget's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- A A Al Nofal
- Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
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