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Farnia V, Nakhaee S, Azadi N, Khanegi M, Ahmadi-Jouybari T, Mansouri B. Comparison of urine trace element levels in tramadol addiction alone and its co-abuse with cigarette and opium in Western Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:77375-77385. [PMID: 35675014 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-21271-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Tramadol is an opioid pain medication used to treat moderate to severe pain. Tramadol consumers tend to co-abuse some other substances such as opium, cigarettes, alcohol, and cannabis and each of these substances may impair trace elements homeostasis in the body. Therefore, this case-control study aimed to compare the urinary concentration of some essential and toxic elements in tramadol addiction alone and its co-abuse with cigarette and opium in Western Iran. For this purpose, urine samples were collected in two groups of tramadol (n = 72) and control subjects (n = 62) from March to November 2020. The case group was divided into three groups: tramadol alone, tramadol + opium, and tramadol + cigarettes. Moreover, ICP-MS (Agilent 7900) was used to measure trace element concentrations in the urine samples. Based on our results, Fe was the only element markedly higher among controls as compared to tramadol users (p < 0.001). Moreover, the concentration levels of As appeared to be the same among both groups, but the levels of other elements including Ca, Cd, Cr, Mn, Cu, Zn, Co, Ni, Se, and Pb were all significantly higher among tramadol users as compared to control group. The rank-based regression analysis illustrated that no contribution of sex and age effect was found by the regression model on the levels of all 12 studied elements. While, smoking was found to affect the levels of Fe (β = 0.163, P = 0.025) and Co (β = 0.411, p < 0.001) so that smoking reduced Fe levels but elevated Co concentration levels. Abuse of tramadol along with cigarettes and opium increased the concentration of some heavy metals in urine samples compared to the control group. However, these results showed no significant effect of age, sex, smoking habit, and amount of tramadol usage on the levels of trace elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Farnia
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Samaneh Nakhaee
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Nammamali Azadi
- Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Khanegi
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Toraj Ahmadi-Jouybari
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Borhan Mansouri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Azadi N, Nakhaee S, Farnia V, Pirsaheb M, Mansouri B, Ahmadi-Jouybari T, Khanegi M. Multivariate statistical evaluation of heavy metals in the urine of opium individuals in comparison with healthy people in Western Iran. Environ Sci Pollut Res Int 2022; 29:8232-8241. [PMID: 34482458 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16271-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The current study aimed to evaluate the levels of some toxic and essential elements (Pb, Cd, Cu, Ti, Ni, Cr, Co, Fe, Ca, Hg, Mn, Se, and Zn) in the urine of opium-addicted compared to non-addicted cases. In this study, 126 participants were recruited and their fasting urine samples were collected (63 opium-addicted and 63 non-addicted subjects served as the reference group). ICP-MS was utilized to detect the concentration of trace elements. Results exhibited that the concentration of all elements than Ni, Cu, and Zn was markedly different between the addicted and non-addicted groups. Compared to controls, the Cd, Cr, Co, Hg, Mn, Pb, Se, and Ti levels were higher among opium-addicted cases (p < 0.05) whereas the Fe and Ca concentrations were higher among controls (p < 0.05). Robust regression analysis showed no statistically significant effect of gender on element levels. It revealed that age was associated with the levels of Ni and Cu only and also the route of administration was related to the urinary levels of Co, Cr, Hg, and Mn. In conclusion, results confirmed that it is opium consumption that affects the concentration levels of most elements.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nammamali Azadi
- Biostatistics Department, School of Public Health, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Nakhaee
- Medical Toxicology and Drug Abuse Research Center (MTDRC), Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Vahid Farnia
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Meghdad Pirsaheb
- Research Center for Environmental Determinants of Health, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Borhan Mansouri
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
| | - Toraj Ahmadi-Jouybari
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Khanegi
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Abdoli N, Farnia V, Salemi S, Davarinejad O, Ahmadi Jouybari T, Khanegi M, Alikhani M, Behrouz B. Reliability and Validity of Persian Version of State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Among High School Students. East Asian Arch Psychiatry 2020; 30:44-47. [PMID: 32611826 DOI: 10.12809/eaap1870] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the present study was to assess the reliability and validity of the Persian version of the State-Trait Anxiety Inventory Form Y (STAI-Y) among high school students. METHODS A sample of 492 high school students in Kermanshah city, Iran were randomly selected via multistage sampling. They were asked to complete the STAI-Y and Beck Anxiety Inventory (BAI) to determine the correlation coefficients. Data analysis was performed via descriptive statistics, factor analysis, Cronbach's coefficient alpha, and Pearson correlation coefficient. RESULTS In the Persian version of STAI-Y, the Cronbach's alpha for internal consistency was 0.886 for trait anxiety and 0.846 for state anxiety. The convergent validity between STAI-Y and BAI was 0.612 for trait anxiety and 0.643 for state anxiety (p < 0.001). CONCLUSION The reliability, internal consistency, and validity of the Persian version of the STAI-Y is good among high school students in Kermanshah.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Abdoli
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - V Farnia
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - S Salemi
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - O Davarinejad
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - T Ahmadi Jouybari
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - M Khanegi
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - M Alikhani
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - B Behrouz
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Farnia V, Salemi S, Mordinazar M, Khanegi M, Tatari F, Golshani S, Jamshidi P, Alikhani M. The effect of child-abuse on the behavioral problems in the children of the parents with substance use disorder: Presenting a model of structural equations. J Ethn Subst Abuse 2020; 21:730-746. [PMID: 32779978 DOI: 10.1080/15332640.2020.1801547] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Child abuse may potentially create the behavioral problems particularly in the children of parents with substance use disorder. Thus, the current study was conducted to investigate the effects of child abuse on the behavioral problems in the children of parents with substance use disorder using the emotional regulation and social skills as mediators. In this paper, the method of Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) was applied. The study population included 358 children of parents with substance use disorder whose parents had referred to the addiction treatment center in Kermanshah province, Iran (2017-2018). Conners Comprehensive Behavior Rating Scales (CBRS), Emotion Regulation Checklist (ERC), Social Skills Rating Scale (SSRS) Questionnaire, and Child Abuse Questionnaire were also used for data collection. IBM SPSS Amos 22 software was utilized for statistical analysis of the obtained data. The SEM was also analyzed to confirm fit of the model. The results showed a direct relationship between the child abuse and behavioral problems so that, the boys outperformed the girls in this regard. The findings also suggested a significant relationship between the family characteristics and behavioral problems. On the other hand, family characteristics and emotional regulation had direct and significant effects on improvement of the social skills (P < 0.001). The results revealed a direct effect of child abuse on the behavioral problems in the children of parents with substance use disorder. Thus, it is suggested to take a preventive approach toward child abuse in the children of parents with substance use disorder by employing a comprehensive program and intervention methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vahid Farnia
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Safora Salemi
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mehdi Mordinazar
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Khanegi
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Faeze Tatari
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sanobar Golshani
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Parastoo Jamshidi
- Student Research Committee, School of Medicine, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alikhani
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Naami A, Zargar Y, Davoodi I, Farnia V, Salemi S, Tatari F, Khanegi M. Comparison of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy and theory of mind on increasing social competence among abused children. J Educ Health Promot 2020; 9:81. [PMID: 32509889 PMCID: PMC7271931 DOI: 10.4103/jehp.jehp_380_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/15/2019] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In recent decades, the use of psychological methods has been considered to improve the barriers and challenges of abuse adolescent females. This study focuses on comparing the efficacy of trauma-focused cognitive-behavioral therapy (TF-CBT) and theory of mind (ToM) on social competence among abused children. MATERIALS AND METHODS A clinical trial was performed with 39 abused children as the subjects of the study. Participants are residents in Ahvaz (Iran) host-family centers and were randomly divided into two groups of experimental subjects and control subjects. The data collection method utilized the Social Competence Questionnaire. Descriptive statistics, covariance analysis, and Tukey's post hoc test were used for the data analysis. RESULTS Comparison of the groups showed that the average behavioral and cognitive competence increased in both TF-CBT and ToM groups, but the average emotional, social competence is significantly higher in the ToM group. It is also found that the average social motivational competence is significantly higher in the TF-CBT group than in the ToM group. CONCLUSION TF-CBT and ToM can be effectively used to improve the social competence of abused adolescent females.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdulzahra Naami
- Department of Psychology, University of Shahid Chamran Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Yadollah Zargar
- Department of Psychology, University of Shahid Chamran Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Iran Davoodi
- Department of Psychology, University of Shahid Chamran Ahvaz, Ahvaz, Iran
| | - Vahid Farnia
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Safora Salemi
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Faeze Tatari
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Khanegi
- Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Health Institute, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
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Shakeri J, Khanegi M, Golshani S, Farnia V, Tatari F, Alikhani M, Nooripour R, Ghezelbash MS. Effects of Omega-3 Supplement in the Treatment of Patients with Bipolar I Disorder. Int J Prev Med 2016; 7:77. [PMID: 27280013 PMCID: PMC4882968 DOI: 10.4103/2008-7802.182734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2015] [Accepted: 04/05/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Fatty acids play various physiological roles in the organism; they are crucial for the structure of cell membranes, metabolic processes, transmission of nerve impulses and brain functions. In recent years, particular attention has been paid to the rich sources of omega-3 for the treatment of many diseases, especially mental illnesses. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of omega-3 supplement in the treatment of patients with bipolar I disorder (BID). METHODS In this double-blind clinical trial, 100 patients suffering from BIDs were randomly divided into two, i.e. control (n = 50) and experimental (n = 50) groups. In addition to the other standard treatments, 1000 mg of omega-3 supplement was given to the experimental group on daily basis for 3 months and placebo was given to the control group. The Young Mania Rating Scale was completed for both groups before and after the intervention. Afterward, data were analyzed using paired t-test, independent t-test, and Chi-square test. RESULTS Before intervention, mean severity of mania in the experimental group (23.50 ± 7.02) and control group (23.70 ± 8.09) was not significant (P ≤ 0.89). The difference after the intervention in the experimental group (10.64 ± 3.3) and control group (20.12 ± 6.78) was significant (P < 0.01). The mean intensity of mania before (23.50 ± 7.02) and after (10.64 ± 3.3) intervention reported to be significant at P < 0.05. CONCLUSIONS Since omega-3 supplement was effective for the treatment of BID, it is suggested to use omega-3 supplements as an adjuvant therapy along with the other pharmacotherapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jalal Shakeri
- Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Maryam Khanegi
- Department of Psychiatry, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sanobar Golshani
- Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Vahid Farnia
- Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Faeze Tatari
- Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mostafa Alikhani
- Department of Psychiatry, Substance Abuse Prevention Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Roghih Nooripour
- Department of Counseling, Faculty of Education and Psychology, AL Zahra University, Tehran, Iran
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