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Melis A, Riu F, Kihlgren C, Piras A, Rizzo D, Sotgiu A, Donadu M, Usai D, Zanetti S, Bussu F. Medical-surgical management and clinical outcome in cervical abscesses. J Infect Dev Ctries 2020; 14:527-531. [PMID: 32525840 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.12191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION This study aims at defining through a retrospective evaluation, the clinical parameters affecting the clinical course and consequently the management of patients presenting with cervicofacial abscesses. METHODOLOGY A total of 394 patients diagnosed with abscess at the University of Sassari Otorhinolaryngology Division between 2009 and 2017 were included; among these, eleven patients were diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis. Personal and clinical parameters including the LRINEC score and the medical and/or surgical treatment used were analyzed for each patient. The most frequently affected site was the peritonsillar space (76.9%), followed by the parapharyngeal space. RESULTS Mean age was 41(±17) years, the male population was slightly overrepresented (68%). An average of 6 (±7) days of hospitalization duration was recorded. The mortality rate was confirmed to be relatively low (1/349 patients) and was reported only in one patient diagnosed with necrotizing fasciitis (1/11). CONCLUSION Diagnosis, correct clinical definition and early medical-surgical treatment of neck abscesses were crucial to reduce complications; LRNEC score, C-reactive protein, glycemia and creatininemia proved to be reliable prognostic indicators of difficult patient management and risk of complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Melis
- Otolaryngology Division, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Riu
- Otolaryngology Division, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Caterina Kihlgren
- Otolaryngology Division, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Piras
- Otolaryngology Division, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Davide Rizzo
- Otolaryngology Division, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Sotgiu
- Otolaryngology Division, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Matthew Donadu
- Section of Experimental and Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Donatella Usai
- Section of Experimental and Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Stefania Zanetti
- Section of Experimental and Clinical Microbiology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Francesco Bussu
- Otolaryngology Division, Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
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Marongiu G, Contini A, Cozzi Lepri A, Donadu M, Verona M, Capone A. The Treatment of Acute Diaphyseal Long-bones Fractures with Orthobiologics and Pharmacological Interventions for Bone Healing Enhancement: A Systematic Review of Clinical Evidence. Bioengineering (Basel) 2020; 7:bioengineering7010022. [PMID: 32102398 PMCID: PMC7148449 DOI: 10.3390/bioengineering7010022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2020] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Accepted: 02/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The healing of long bones diaphyseal fractures can be often impaired and eventually end into delayed union and non-union. A number of therapeutic strategies have been proposed in combination with surgical treatment in order to enhance the healing process, such as scaffolds, growth factors, cell therapies and systemic pharmacological treatments. Our aim was to investigate the current evidence of bone healing enhancement of acute long bone diaphyseal fractures. METHODS A systematic review was conducted by using Pubmed/MEDLINE; Embase and Ovid databases. The combination of the search terms "long-bones; diaphyseal fracture; bone healing; growth factors; cell therapies; scaffolds; graft; bone substitutes; orthobiologics; teriparatide". RESULTS The initial search resulted in 4156 articles of which 37 papers fulfilled the inclusion criteria and were the subject of this review. The studies included 1350 patients (837 males and 513 females) with a mean age of 65.3 years old. CONCLUSIONS General lack of high-quality studies exists on the use of adjuvant strategies for bone healing enhancement in acute shaft fractures. Strong evidence supports the use of bone grafts, while only moderate evidence demineralized bone matrix and synthetic ceramics. Conflicting results partially supported the use of growth factors and cell therapies in acute fractures. Teriparatide showed promising results, particularly for atypical femoral fractures and periprosthetic femoral fractures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe Marongiu
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +39-070-6094368
| | - Andrea Contini
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Andrea Cozzi Lepri
- Orthopaedic Traumatologic Center, University of Florence, 50121 Florence, Italy;
| | - Matthew Donadu
- Dipartimento di Chimica e Farmacia, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Marco Verona
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.); (A.C.)
| | - Antonio Capone
- Orthopaedic and Trauma Clinic, Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Cagliari, 09124 Cagliari, Italy; (A.C.); (M.V.); (A.C.)
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Usai D, Donadu M, Bua A, Molicotti P, Zanetti S, Piras S, Corona P, Ibba R, Carta A. Enhancement of antimicrobial activity of pump inhibitors associating drugs. J Infect Dev Ctries 2019; 13:162-164. [PMID: 32036352 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.11102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2018] [Accepted: 01/22/2019] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION with the continuous emergence of pathogenic resistance to conventional drugs through efflux pumps, increasing efforts are directed toward discovering efflux inhibitory molecules. METHODOLOGY in this study three P-glycoprotein (P13CP, P22CP, P34CP) efflux-inhibitors (EIs), belonging to the series of phenoxymethylquinoxalines capable to restore/potentiate the antiproliferative activity of doxorubicin and vincristine against human tumor cell lines and different antibiotics against clinical isolates, were investigated on 10 clinical strains of Candida and 12 clinical and ATCC strains of Gram positive and Gram-negative bacteria. RESULTS MFC values of FLC were reduced in all Candida strains by the P22CP and P34CP inhibitors, and in 5/10 fungal strains by the P13CP inhibitor. CONCLUSION novel antibiotics with new modes of action are urgently required to suppress the rise of MDR bacteria. An alternative approach would be to identify molecules that can interfere with the process of efflux.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatella Usai
- Department of Biological Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Matthew Donadu
- Department of Biological Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Alessandra Bua
- Department of Biological Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Paola Molicotti
- Department of Biological Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Stefania Zanetti
- Department of Biological Science, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Sandra Piras
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Paola Corona
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Roberta Ibba
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Antonio Carta
- Department of Chemistry and Pharmacy, University of Sassari, Sassari, Italy.
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Amorese V, Donadu M, Usai D, Sanna A, Milia F, Pisanu F, Molicotti P, Zanetti S, Doria C. In vitro activity of essential oils against Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated from infected hip implants. J Infect Dev Ctries 2018; 12:996-1001. [PMID: 32012130 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.10988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2018] [Accepted: 10/31/2018] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Essential oils have been used since ancient times and are known for their anti-inflammatory, anti-depressive, antiseptic, antifungal and antimicrobial properties. METHODOLOGY in this study the antimicrobial activity of two essential oils from Melaleuca alternifolia and Thymus vulgaris-red thyme geraniol was tested against 16 multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains from infected hip implants as well as the "in vitro" cytotoxic activity on normal human Wong-Kilbourne derivative (WKD) cells. RESULTS Thymus vulgaris-red thyme geraniol showed lower antimicrobial activity when compared to Melaleuca alternifolia. All tested oils were cytotoxic at concentrations lower than 0.12%. CONCLUSION Increase in drug resistance and lack of new antibiotics may encourage the development of natural treatments together with higher concern on environmental issues and natural lifestyle.
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Donadu M, Usai D, Pinna A, Porcu T, Mazzarello V, Fiamma M, Marchetti M, Cannas S, Delogu G, Zanetti S, Molicotti P. In vitro activity of hybrid lavender essential oils against multidrug resistant strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. J Infect Dev Ctries 2018; 12:9-14. [PMID: 31628828 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.9920] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/18/2018] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Lavender is an evergreen shrub native to Northern Africa and other mountainous Mediterranean regions. It grows throughout Southern Europe, the United States, and Australia. Lavender essential oil has been used since ancient times and is known for its anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, antiseptic, antifungal and antimicrobial properties. METHODOLOGY in this study, the antimicrobial activity of two Lavender essential oils (Lavanda sumian and Lavanda grosso) against 16 multidrug-resistant P. aeruginosa strains from clinical ocular samples taken from migrant patients has been investigated. The in vitro cytotoxic activity on human Wong-Kilbourne derivative (WKD) conjunctiva cells from healthy patients and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity on murine macrophage (J774.1A) were also evaluated. RESULTS L. sumian showed lower antimicrobial activity when compared to L. grosso. Both lavender oils tested had no cytotoxic effect at very low concentrations, mostly L. grosso. The essential oils extracted from L. sumian and L. grosso significantly reduced NOS in a cell model. CONCLUSION Increase in drug resistance and lack of new antibiotics may encourage the development of natural antimicrobial treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | - Mauro Marchetti
- CNR, Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, Li Punti, Sassari, Italy.
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Barac A, Donadu M, Usai D, Spiric VT, Mazzarello V, Zanetti S, Aleksic E, Stevanovic G, Nikolic N, Rubino S. Correction to: Antifungal activity of Myrtus communis against Malassezia sp. isolated from the skin of patients with pityriasis versicolor. Infection 2018; 46:287. [PMID: 29294237 DOI: 10.1007/s15010-017-1104-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The original version of this article unfortunately contained two mistakes in authors' names.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandra Barac
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Matthew Donadu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, V. le San Pietro 43/C, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Donatella Usai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, V. le San Pietro 43/C, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Vesna Tomic Spiric
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic for Allergology and Immunology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Dr Koste Todorovica 2, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vittorio Mazzarello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, V. le San Pietro 43/C, 07100, Sassari, Italy.
| | - Stefania Zanetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, V. le San Pietro 43/C, 07100, Sassari, Italy
| | - Ema Aleksic
- Faculty of Stomatology, University of Business Academy, Zarka Zrenjanina 179, 26000, Pancevo, Serbia
| | - Goran Stevanovic
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Dr Subotica 1, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia.,Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Natasa Nikolic
- Clinic for Infectious and Tropical Diseases, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Bulevar Oslobodjenja 16, 11000, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Salvatore Rubino
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, V. le San Pietro 43/C, 07100, Sassari, Italy
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Amorese V, Corda M, Donadu M, Usai D, Pisanu F, Milia F, Marras F, Sanna A, Delogu D, Mazzarello V, Manzoni G, Conti M, Meloni GB, Zanetti S, Doria C. Total hip prosthesis complication, periprosthetic infection with external fistulizing due to Enterobacter cloacae complex multiple drugs resistance: A clinical case report. Int J Surg Case Rep 2017; 36:90-93. [PMID: 28558347 PMCID: PMC5447565 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijscr.2017.05.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2017] [Revised: 05/11/2017] [Accepted: 05/14/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The incidence of periprosthetic hip infections his just below 2%, and the Enterobacteriaceae are fairly rare, being the cause of infection in 3–6% of cases. A 76 year old woman with multiple comorbidities underwent surgical implantation of endoprosthesis of the left hip. Multidisciplinary diagnosis of a rare periprosthetic infection.
Introduction The Enterobacter cloacae is a microorganism found in the intestinal flora of the majority of animals, including humans. Primary infections caused by E. cloacae are rare in immunocompetent patients, but are very common in hospital settings in newborns and immunocompromised patients, and can be aggravated by the insurgence of antibiotic resistance. The incidence of periprosthetic hip infections is just below 2%. Case presentation A 76 year old woman with multiple comorbidities underwent surgical implantation of intermediary total hip prosthesis of the left hip, in a different health facility, in February 2014, after the basicervical fracture of the upper femur extremity due to trauma. After an episode of dislocation of the prosthetic implant, in September 2014, she underwent a surgical operation to implant the acetabular component. A month later not in our facility, following a re-hospitalization for the dislocation of the arthroprosthesis, an infection from E. cloacae complex was discovered. After 2 years of chronic infection she came to our attention; the clinical picture featured coxalgia and secreting fistula in the surgical wound. Following a specific antibiotic therapy, carried out intravenously over the course of a month, we decided to intervene removing the left hip arthroprosthesis and placing an antibiotic spacer following the direction deduced from the antibiogram study of August 2016. Conclusion The patient was hospitalized in our facility and 2 months later she underwent another operation to remove the antibiotic spacer and to place a new total hip arthroprosthesis. Multiple swabs showed the complete healing from the infection, which was confirmed a couple of months later.
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Affiliation(s)
- V Amorese
- Department of Orthopaedic, University of Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - M Corda
- Department of Orthopaedic, University of Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - M Donadu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Sardinia, Italy.
| | - D Usai
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - F Pisanu
- Department of Orthopaedic, University of Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - F Milia
- Department of Orthopaedic, University of Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - F Marras
- Department of Orthopaedic, University of Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - A Sanna
- Department of Orthopaedic, University of Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - D Delogu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - V Mazzarello
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - G Manzoni
- Department of Radiology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - M Conti
- Department of Radiology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - G B Meloni
- Department of Radiology, University of Sassari, Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - S Zanetti
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
| | - C Doria
- Department of Orthopaedic, University of Sassari, Sardinia, Italy
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Cannas S, Usai D, Pinna A, Benvenuti S, Tardugno R, Donadu M, Zanetti S, Kaliamurthy J, Molicotti P. Essential oils in ocular pathology: an experimental study. J Infect Dev Ctries 2015; 9:650-4. [PMID: 26142676 DOI: 10.3855/jidc.6842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2015] [Revised: 05/08/2015] [Accepted: 05/16/2015] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The antimicrobial activity of essential oils (EOs) has been known for ages; in particular, the EOs of Melaleuca alternifolia, Thymus vulgaris, Mentha piperita, and Rosmarinus officinalis have been used for the treatment of fungal and bacterial infections. METHODOLOGY This study focused on the in vitro cytotoxicity to normal human conjunctiva cells and antimicrobial activity of 20 EOs. RESULTS The oils tested showed no cytotoxic effect at very low concentrations. Rosmarinus officinalis, Melaleuca alternifolia, and Thymus vulgaris L. red thyme geraniol sel oils had good antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive and Gram-negative strains. CONCLUSIONS The results of this study are of great interest and may have a major impact on public health, providing useful tips to optimize the therapeutic use of some natural drugs.
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