Postpartum Opportunistic Salpingectomy Compared With Bilateral Tubal Ligation After Vaginal Delivery for Ovarian Cancer Risk Reduction: A Cost-Effectiveness Analysis

OBJECTIVE

To compare the cost effectiveness of opportunistic salpingectomy and bilateral tubal ligation for sterilization immediately after vaginal delivery.

METHODS

A cost-effectiveness analytic decision model was used to compare opportunistic salpingectomy with bilateral tubal ligation during vaginal delivery admission. Probability and cost inputs were derived from local data and available literature. Salpingectomy was assumed to be performed with a handheld bipolar energy device. The primary outcome was the incremental cost-effectiveness ratio (ICER) in 2019 U.S. dollars per quality-adjusted life-year (QALY) at a cost-effectiveness threshold of $100,000/QALY. Sensitivity analyses were performed to determine the proportion of simulations in which salpingectomy would be cost effective.

RESULTS

Opportunistic salpingectomy was more cost effective than bilateral tubal ligation with an ICER of $26,150/QALY. In 10,000 patients desiring sterilization after vaginal delivery, opportunistic salpingectomy would result in 25 fewer ovarian cancer cases, 19 fewer ovarian cancer deaths, and 116 fewer unintended pregnancies than bilateral tubal ligation. In sensitivity analysis, salpingectomy was cost effective in 89.8% of simulations and cost saving in 13% of simulations.

CONCLUSION

In patients undergoing sterilization immediately after vaginal deliveries, opportunistic salpingectomy is more cost effective and may be more cost saving than bilateral tubal ligation for reducing ovarian cancer risk.

When we open and close: Postoperative outcomes after aborted primary cytoreduction for ovarian cancer

•

Over one-third of patients experienced a grade 3 or higher surgical complication within 30 days after aborted surgery.

•

All patients who had aborted primary debulking went on to receive neoadjuvant chemotherapy and interval debulking.

•

After interval debulking, 97.6% achieved optimal debulking (48.8%-complete resection; 48.8% ≤1cm of residual disease).

Objective

Methods

Results

Conclusions

Racial and ethnic enrollment disparities in clinical trials of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase inhibitors for gynecologic cancers

OBJECTIVES

Disparities persist in the enrollment of racial/ethnic groups in clinical trials for ovarian cancers. We sought to analyze the enrollment rates of patients by race/ethnicity in phase II/III clinical trials involving poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) inhibitors for ovarian cancers and compare these to the racial/ethnic prevalence of ovarian cancers in the United States.

METHODS

This study was a retrospective review of clinical trials registered with ClinicalTrials.gov. Studies included evaluated PARP inhibitors for the treatment of ovarian, fallopian tube, and primary peritoneal cancers. Enrollment rates for clinical trials were stratified by race/ethnicity and type of cancer. Enrollment fractions (EFs) were calculated using prevalence data from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results Program. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated to compare racial/ethnic group enrollment rates to Non-Hispanic (NH) White enrollment rates.

RESULTS

Forty-eight trials were identified, 15 of which met inclusion criteria. The EFs for included trials, were 1.5% for NH-White, 0.47% for NH-Black, 0.33% for Hispanic, and 2.38% for Asian/Pacific Islander. Patients who identified as NH-Black and Hispanic were significantly underrepresented compared to those who identified as NH-White (OR 0.23, 95% CI [0.18-0.29] and OR 0.3, 95% CI [0.25-0.38] respectively, p < 0.001).

CONCLUSIONS

NH-Black and Hispanic patients are significantly underrepresented in clinical trials evaluating PARP inhibitors for ovarian cancers compared to NH-White cohorts. Phase II/III trials assessing PARP inhibitors for ovarian cancers do not accurately represent the populations diagnosed with these malignancies. Enrollment strategies are needed to increase diversity in PARP inhibitor clinical trials for women's cancers.

The impact of using an intraoperative goal directed fluid therapy protocol on clinical outcomes in patients undergoing total pancreatectomy and islet cell autotransplantation

BACKGROUND

Patients undergoing total pancreatectomy and islet cell autotransplant (TPIAT) for treatment of pancreatitis are at risk for complications of over and under resuscitation. We hypothesized that using a goal directed fluid therapy (GDFT) protocol might impact clinical outcomes.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

A consecutive series of adult patients undergoing TPIAT were managed intraoperatively using either standard fluid therapy (SFT, n = 44) or GDFT (n = 23) as part of a pilot study between January 2013 and May 2015. Patient characteristics, intraoperative, and postoperative data were recorded prospectively, then retrospectively analyzed for differences between the groups.

RESULTS

The GDFT group had lower total fluid resuscitation (3,240 cc vs 5,173 cc, p < 0.0001) and transfusion requirements (1.0 cc/kg vs 3.3 cc/kg, p = 0.050) compared to the SFT group. The pre to postop nadir hemoglobin change was significantly less for GDFT (4.2 vs 5.1 gm/dl, p = 0.021) despite less transfusion.

CONCLUSIONS

Compared to SFT, using an intraoperative GDFT protocol in TPIAT patients was associated with significantly decreased intraoperative fluid resuscitation, blood transfusion and less postoperative dilutional anemia, without any difference in complications of underresuscitation. This pilot study suggests that GDFT is likely safe and further investigation is warranted.