1
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Puente-Sánchez F, Hoetzinger M, Buck M, Bertilsson S. Exploring environmental intra-species diversity through non-redundant pangenome assemblies. Mol Ecol Resour 2023; 23:1724-1736. [PMID: 37382302 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Revised: 05/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
At the genome level, microorganisms are highly adaptable both in terms of allele and gene composition. Such heritable traits emerge in response to different environmental niches and can have a profound influence on microbial community dynamics. As a consequence, any individual genome or population will contain merely a fraction of the total genetic diversity of any operationally defined "species", whose ecological potential can thus be only fully understood by studying all of their genomes and the genes therein. This concept, known as the pangenome, is valuable for studying microbial ecology and evolution, as it partitions genomes into core (present in all the genomes from a species, and responsible for housekeeping and species-level niche adaptation among others) and accessory regions (present only in some, and responsible for intra-species differentiation). Here we present SuperPang, an algorithm producing pangenome assemblies from a set of input genomes of varying quality, including metagenome-assembled genomes (MAGs). SuperPang runs in linear time and its results are complete, non-redundant, preserve gene ordering and contain both coding and non-coding regions. Our approach provides a modular view of the pangenome, identifying operons and genomic islands, and allowing to track their prevalence in different populations. We illustrate this by analysing intra-species diversity in Polynucleobacter, a bacterial genus ubiquitous in freshwater ecosystems, characterized by their streamlined genomes and their ecological versatility. We show how SuperPang facilitates the simultaneous analysis of allelic and gene content variation under different environmental pressures, allowing us to study the drivers of microbial diversification at unprecedented resolution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fernando Puente-Sánchez
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Matthias Hoetzinger
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Moritz Buck
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Stefan Bertilsson
- Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala, Sweden
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2
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Cui L, Balamkundu S, Liu CF, Ye H, Hourihan J, Rausch A, Hauß C, Nilsson E, Hoetzinger M, Holmfeldt K, Zhang W, Martinez-Alvarez L, Peng X, Tremblay D, Moinau S, Solonenko N, Sullivan M, Lee YJ, Mulholland A, Weigele P, de Crécy-Lagard V, Dedon P, Hutinet G. Four additional natural 7-deazaguanine derivatives in phages and how to make them. Nucleic Acids Res 2023; 51:9214-9226. [PMID: 37572349 PMCID: PMC10516641 DOI: 10.1093/nar/gkad657] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Bacteriophages and bacteria are engaged in a constant arms race, continually evolving new molecular tools to survive one another. To protect their genomic DNA from restriction enzymes, the most common bacterial defence systems, double-stranded DNA phages have evolved complex modifications that affect all four bases. This study focuses on modifications at position 7 of guanines. Eight derivatives of 7-deazaguanines were identified, including four previously unknown ones: 2'-deoxy-7-(methylamino)methyl-7-deazaguanine (mdPreQ1), 2'-deoxy-7-(formylamino)methyl-7-deazaguanine (fdPreQ1), 2'-deoxy-7-deazaguanine (dDG) and 2'-deoxy-7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine (dCDG). These modifications are inserted in DNA by a guanine transglycosylase named DpdA. Three subfamilies of DpdA had been previously characterized: bDpdA, DpdA1, and DpdA2. Two additional subfamilies were identified in this work: DpdA3, which allows for complete replacement of the guanines, and DpdA4, which is specific to archaeal viruses. Transglycosylases have now been identified in all phages and viruses carrying 7-deazaguanine modifications, indicating that the insertion of these modifications is a post-replication event. Three enzymes were predicted to be involved in the biosynthesis of these newly identified DNA modifications: 7-carboxy-7-deazaguanine decarboxylase (DpdL), dPreQ1 formyltransferase (DpdN) and dPreQ1 methyltransferase (DpdM), which was experimentally validated and harbors a unique fold not previously observed for nucleic acid methylases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Cui
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore 138602, Singapore
| | - Seetharamsing Balamkundu
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Chuan-Fa Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Hong Ye
- School of Biological Sciences, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore
| | - Jacob Hourihan
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Astrid Rausch
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Christopher Hauß
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
| | - Emelie Nilsson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Matthias Hoetzinger
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Karin Holmfeldt
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Linnaeus University, 391 82 Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Weijia Zhang
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | | | - Xu Peng
- Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen N, Denmark
| | - Denise Tremblay
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Félix d’Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Sylvain Moinau
- Département de biochimie, de microbiologie et de bio-informatique, Faculté des sciences et de génie, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Groupe de recherche en écologie buccale, Faculté de médecine dentaire, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
- Félix d’Hérelle Reference Center for Bacterial Viruses, Université Laval, Québec City, Québec, Canada
| | - Natalie Solonenko
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Matthew B Sullivan
- Department of Microbiology, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
- Department of Civil, Environmental, and Geodetic Engineering, and Center of Microbiome Science, Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, USA
| | - Yan-Jiun Lee
- Research Department, New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA
| | | | - Peter R Weigele
- Research Department, New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA 01938, USA
| | - Valérie de Crécy-Lagard
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
- University of Florida, Genetics Institute, Gainesville, FL 32610, USA
| | - Peter C Dedon
- Singapore-MIT Alliance for Research and Technology, Antimicrobial Resistance Interdisciplinary Research Group, Campus for Research Excellence and Technological Enterprise, Singapore 138602, Singapore
- Department of Biological Engineering and Center for Environmental Health Sciences, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA 02139, USA
| | - Geoffrey Hutinet
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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3
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Rahlff J, Wietz M, Giebel HA, Bayfield O, Nilsson E, Bergström K, Kieft K, Anantharaman K, Ribas-Ribas M, Schweitzer HD, Wurl O, Hoetzinger M, Antson A, Holmfeldt K. Ecogenomics and cultivation reveal distinctive viral-bacterial communities in the surface microlayer of a Baltic Sea slick. ISME Commun 2023; 3:97. [PMID: 37723220 PMCID: PMC10507051 DOI: 10.1038/s43705-023-00307-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
Visible surface films, termed slicks, can extensively cover freshwater and marine ecosystems, with coastal regions being particularly susceptible to their presence. The sea-surface microlayer (SML), the upper 1-mm at the air-water interface in slicks (herein slick SML) harbors a distinctive bacterial community, but generally little is known about SML viruses. Using flow cytometry, metagenomics, and cultivation, we characterized viruses and bacteria in a brackish slick SML in comparison to non-slick SML as well as seawater below slick and non-slick areas (subsurface water = SSW). Size-fractionated filtration of all samples distinguished viral attachment to hosts and particles. The slick SML contained higher abundances of virus-like particles, prokaryotic cells, and dissolved organic carbon compared to non-slick SML and SSW. The community of 428 viral operational taxonomic units (vOTUs), 426 predicted as lytic, distinctly differed across all size fractions in the slick SML compared to non-slick SML and SSW. Specific metabolic profiles of bacterial metagenome-assembled genomes and isolates in the slick SML included a prevalence of genes encoding motility and carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes). Several vOTUs were enriched in slick SML, and many virus variants were associated with particles. Nine vOTUs were only found in slick SML, six of them being targeted by slick SML-specific clustered-regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats (CRISPR) spacers likely originating from Gammaproteobacteria. Moreover, isolation of three previously unknown lytic phages for Alishewanella sp. and Pseudoalteromonas tunicata, abundant and actively replicating slick SML bacteria, suggests that viral activity in slicks contributes to biogeochemical cycling in coastal ecosystems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janina Rahlff
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden.
| | - Matthias Wietz
- Alfred Wegener Institute Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Bremerhaven, Germany
- Max Planck Institute for Marine Microbiology, Bremen, Germany
| | - Helge-Ansgar Giebel
- Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
- Center for Marine Sensors (ZfMarS), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Oliver Bayfield
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Emelie Nilsson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Kristofer Bergström
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Kristopher Kieft
- Department of Bacteriology, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | - Mariana Ribas-Ribas
- Center of Marine Sensors (ZfMarS), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | | | - Oliver Wurl
- Center of Marine Sensors (ZfMarS), Institute for Chemistry and Biology of the Marine Environment (ICBM), Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Wilhelmshaven, Germany
| | - Matthias Hoetzinger
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Alfred Antson
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Karin Holmfeldt
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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4
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Nilsson E, Li K, Hoetzinger M, Holmfeldt K. Nutrient driven transcriptional changes during phage infection in an aquatic Gammaproteobacterium. Environ Microbiol 2022; 24:2270-2281. [PMID: 35049095 PMCID: PMC9305737 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Phages modulate bacterial metabolism during infection by regulating gene expression, which influences aquatic nutrient cycling. However, the effects of shifting nutrient regimes are less understood. Here, we analyzed transcriptomes of an ecologically relevant Gammaproteobacterium and its lytic phage in high (HNM) and low (LNM) nutrient medium. Despite different infection characteristics, including reduced burst size and longer latent period in LNM, the phage had a fixed expression profile. Bacterial transcription was instead different depending on nutrient regime, with HNM bacteria focusing on growth while LNM bacteria focused on motility and membrane transport. Additionally, phage infection had a larger effect on bacterial gene expression in LNM compared to HNM, e.g. suppressing increased iron uptake and altering expression of phosphorus uptake genes. Overall, phage infection influenced host metabolism more in LNM, which was more similar to natural conditions, emphasizing the importance of considering natural conditions to understand phage and host ecology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emelie Nilsson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39231, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Ke Li
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39231, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Matthias Hoetzinger
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39231, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Karin Holmfeldt
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, Linnaeus University, SE-39231, Kalmar, Sweden
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5
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Hoetzinger M, Nilsson E, Arabi R, Osbeck CMG, Pontiller B, Hutinet G, Bayfield OW, Traving S, Kisand V, Lundin D, Pinhassi J, Middelboe M, Holmfeldt K. Dynamics of Baltic Sea phages driven by environmental changes. Environ Microbiol 2021; 23:4576-4594. [PMID: 34190387 DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.15651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Phage predation constitutes a major mortality factor for bacteria in aquatic ecosystems, and thus, directly impacts nutrient cycling and microbial community dynamics. Yet, the population dynamics of specific phages across time scales from days to months remain largely unexplored, which limits our understanding of their influence on microbial succession. To investigate temporal changes in diversity and abundance of phages infecting particular host strains, we isolated 121 phage strains that infected three bacterial hosts during a Baltic Sea mesocosm experiment. Genome analysis revealed a novel Flavobacterium phage genus harboring gene sets putatively coding for synthesis of modified nucleotides and glycosylation of bacterial cell surface components. Another novel phage genus revealed a microdiversity of phage species that was largely maintained during the experiment and across mesocosms amended with different nutrients. In contrast to the newly described Flavobacterium phages, phages isolated from a Rheinheimera strain were highly similar to previously isolated genotypes, pointing to genomic consistency in this population. In the mesocosm experiment, the investigated phages were mainly detected after a phytoplankton bloom peak. This concurred with recurrent detection of the phages in the Baltic Proper during summer months, suggesting an influence on the succession of heterotrophic bacteria associated with phytoplankton blooms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hoetzinger
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Emelie Nilsson
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Rahaf Arabi
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Christofer M G Osbeck
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Benjamin Pontiller
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Geoffrey Hutinet
- Department of Microbiology and Cell Science, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA
| | - Oliver W Bayfield
- York Structural Biology Laboratory, Department of Chemistry, University of York, York, UK
| | - Sachia Traving
- Nordcee and HADAL, Department of Biology, University of Southern Denmark, Odense, Denmark
| | - Veljo Kisand
- Institute of Technology, University of Tartu, Tartu, Estonia
| | - Daniel Lundin
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Jarone Pinhassi
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Mathias Middelboe
- Marine Biological Section, Department of Biology, University of Copenhagen, Helsingør, Denmark
| | - Karin Holmfeldt
- Centre for Ecology and Evolution in Microbial Model Systems (EEMiS), Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
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6
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Hahn MW, Huemer A, Pitt A, Hoetzinger M. Opening a next-generation black box: Ecological trends for hundreds of species-like taxa uncovered within a single bacterial >99% 16S rRNA operational taxonomic unit. Mol Ecol Resour 2021; 21:2471-2485. [PMID: 34101998 DOI: 10.1111/1755-0998.13444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2021] [Revised: 05/10/2021] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Current knowledge on environmental distribution and taxon richness of free-living bacteria is mainly based on cultivation-independent investigations employing 16S rRNA gene sequencing methods. Yet, 16S rRNA genes are evolutionarily rather conserved, resulting in limited taxonomic and ecological resolutions provided by this marker. The faster evolving protein-encoding gene priB was used to reveal ecological patterns hidden within a single operational taxonomic unit (OTU) defined by >99% 16S rRNA sequence similarity. The studied subcluster PnecC of the genus Polynucleobacter represents a ubiquitous group of abundant freshwater bacteria with cosmopolitan distribution, which is very frequently detected by diversity surveys of freshwater systems. Based on genome taxonomy and a large set of genome sequences, a sequence similarity threshold for delineation of species-like taxa could be established. In total, 600 species-like taxa were detected in 99 freshwater habitats scattered across three regions representing a latitudinal range of 3,400 km (42°N to 71°N) and a pH gradient of 4.2 to 8.6. In addition to the unexpectedly high richness, the increased taxonomic resolution revealed structuring of Polynucleobacter communities by a couple of macroecological trends, which was previously only demonstrated for phylogenetically much broader groups of bacteria. An unexpected pattern was the almost complete compositional separation of Polynucleobacter communities of Ca2+ -rich and Ca2+ -poor habitats. This compositional pattern strongly resembled the vicariance of plant species on silicate and limestone soils. The new cultivation-independent approach presented opened a window to an incredible, previously unseen diversity, and enables investigations aiming on deeper understanding of how environmental conditions shape bacterial communities and drive evolution of free-living bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin W Hahn
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Andrea Huemer
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Alexandra Pitt
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Matthias Hoetzinger
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
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7
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Hoetzinger M, Pitt A, Huemer A, Hahn MW. Continental-Scale Gene Flow Prevents Allopatric Divergence of Pelagic Freshwater Bacteria. Genome Biol Evol 2021; 13:6126423. [PMID: 33674852 PMCID: PMC7936036 DOI: 10.1093/gbe/evab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Allopatric divergence is one of the principal mechanisms for speciation of macro-organisms. Microbes by comparison are assumed to disperse more freely and to be less limited by dispersal barriers. However, thermophilic prokaryotes restricted to geothermal springs have shown clear signals of geographic isolation, but robust studies on this topic for microbes with less strict habitat requirements are scarce. Furthermore, it has only recently been recognized that homologous recombination among conspecific individuals provides species coherence in a wide range of prokaryotes. Recombination barriers thus may define prokaryotic species boundaries, yet, the extent to which geographic distance between populations gives rise to such barriers is an open question. Here, we investigated gene flow and population structure in a widespread species of pelagic freshwater bacteria, Polynucleobacter paneuropaeus. Through comparative genomics of 113 conspecific strains isolated from freshwater lakes and ponds located across a North–South range of more than 3,000 km, we were able to reconstruct past gene flow events. The species turned out to be highly recombinogenic as indicated by significant signs of gene transfer and extensive genome mosaicism. Although genomic differences increased with spatial distance on a regional scale (<170 km), such correlations were mostly absent on larger scales up to 3,400 km. We conclude that allopatric divergence in European P. paneuropaeus is minor, and that effective gene flow across the sampled geographic range in combination with a high recombination efficacy maintains species coherence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hoetzinger
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria.,Department of Aquatic Sciences and Assessment, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Uppsala SE-75651, Sweden
| | - Alexandra Pitt
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria
| | - Andrea Huemer
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria
| | - Martin W Hahn
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria
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8
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Srivastava A, Murugaiyan J, Garcia JAL, De Corte D, Hoetzinger M, Eravci M, Weise C, Kumar Y, Roesler U, Hahn MW, Grossart HP. Combined Methylome, Transcriptome and Proteome Analyses Document Rapid Acclimatization of a Bacterium to Environmental Changes. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:544785. [PMID: 33042055 PMCID: PMC7522526 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.544785] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 08/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polynucleobacter asymbioticus strain QLW-P1DMWA-1T represents a group of highly successful heterotrophic ultramicrobacteria that is frequently very abundant (up to 70% of total bacterioplankton) in freshwater habitats across all seven continents. This strain was originally isolated from a shallow Alpine pond characterized by rapid changes in water temperature and elevated UV radiation due to its location at an altitude of 1300 m. To elucidate the strain’s adjustment to fluctuating environmental conditions, we recorded changes occurring in its transcriptomic and proteomic profiles under contrasting experimental conditions by simulating thermal conditions in winter and summer as well as high UV irradiation. To analyze the potential connection between gene expression and regulation via methyl group modification of the genome, we also analyzed its methylome. The methylation pattern differed between the three treatments, pointing to its potential role in differential gene expression. An adaptive process due to evolutionary pressure in the genus was deduced by calculating the ratios of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rates for 20 Polynucleobacter spp. genomes obtained from geographically diverse isolates. The results indicate purifying selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Srivastava
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany.,Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Jayaseelan Murugaiyan
- Centre for Infectious Medicine, Institute for Animal Health and Environmental Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany.,Department of Biotechnology, SRM University-AP, Guntur, India
| | - Juan A L Garcia
- Department of Functional and Evolutionary Ecology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Daniele De Corte
- Research and Development Center for Marine Biosciences, Japan Agency for Marine-Earth Science and Technology, Yokosuka, Japan
| | - Matthias Hoetzinger
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Murat Eravci
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Christoph Weise
- Institute of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Yadhu Kumar
- Eurofins Genomics Europe Sequencing GmbH, Konstanz, Germany
| | - Uwe Roesler
- Centre for Infectious Medicine, Institute for Animal Health and Environmental Hygiene, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Martin W Hahn
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Hans-Peter Grossart
- Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries, Stechlin, Germany.,Institute for Biochemistry and Biology, Potsdam University, Potsdam, Germany
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9
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Nuy JK, Hoetzinger M, Hahn MW, Beisser D, Boenigk J. Ecological Differentiation in Two Major Freshwater Bacterial Taxa Along Environmental Gradients. Front Microbiol 2020; 11:154. [PMID: 32117171 PMCID: PMC7031163 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2020.00154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2019] [Accepted: 01/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Polynucleobacter (Burkholderiaceae, Betaproteobacteria) and Limnohabitans (Comamonadaceae, Betaproteobacteria) are abundant freshwater bacteria comprising large genetic and taxonomic diversities, with species adapted to physico-chemically distinct types of freshwater systems. The relative importance of environmental drivers, i.e., physico-chemistry, presence of microeukaryotes and geographic position for the diversity and prevalence has not been investigated for both taxa before. Here, we present the first pan-European study on this topic, comprising 255 freshwater lakes. We investigated Limnohabitans and Polynucleobacter using an amplicon sequencing approach of partial 16S rRNA genes along environmental gradients. We show that physico-chemical factors had the greatest impact on both genera. Analyses on environmental gradients revealed an exceptionally broad ecological spectrum of operational taxonomic units (OTUs). Despite the coarse resolution of the genetic marker, we found OTUs with contrasting environmental preferences within Polynucleobacter and Limnohabitans subclusters. Such an ecological differentiation has been characterized for PnecC and LimC before but was so far unknown for less well studied subclusters such as PnecA and PnecB. Richness and abundance of OTUs are geographically clustered, suggesting that geographic diversity patterns are attributable to region-specific physico-chemical characteristics (e.g., pH and temperature) rather than latitudinal gradients or lake sizes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia K Nuy
- Department of Biodiversity, University of Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Matthias Hoetzinger
- Department of Biology and Environmental Science, Linnaeus University, Kalmar, Sweden
| | - Martin W Hahn
- Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondsee, Austria
| | - Daniela Beisser
- Department of Biodiversity, University of Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Jens Boenigk
- Department of Biodiversity, University of Duisburg Essen, Essen, Germany
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10
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Hoetzinger M, Schmidt J, Pitt A, Koll U, Lang E, Hahn MW. Polynucleobacter paneuropaeus sp. nov., characterized by six strains isolated from freshwater lakes located along a 3000 km north-south cross-section across Europe. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2018; 69:203-213. [PMID: 30465643 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.003130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Six Polynucleobacter (Burkholderiaceae, Betaproteobacteria) strains isolated from different freshwater lakes located across Europe were taxonomically investigated. Phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences assigns all six strains to the cryptic species complex PnecC within the genus Polynucleobacter. Analyses of partial glutamine synthetase (glnA) genes suggests that all six strains belong to the species-like taxon designated F15 in previous papers. Comparative genome analyses reveal that the six strains form a genomically coherent group characterized by whole-genome average nucleotide identity (gANI) values of >98 % but separated by gANI values of <88 % from the type strains and representatives of the 16 previously described Polynucleobacter species. In phylogenetic analyses based on nucleotide sequences of 319 orthologous genes, the six strains represent a monophyletic cluster that is clearly separated from all other described species. Genome sizes of the six strains range from 1.61 to 1.83 Mbp, which is smaller than genome sizes of the majority of type strains representing previously described Polynucleobacter species. By contrast, the G+C content of the DNA of the strains is well in the range of 44.8-46.6 mol% previously found for other type strains of species affiliated with the subgroup PnecC. Variation among the six strains representing the new species is evident in a number of traits. These include gene content differences, for instance regarding a gene cluster encoding anoxygenic photosynthesis, as well as phenotypic traits. We propose to name the new species represented by the six strains Polynucleobacter paneuropaeus sp. nov. and designate strain MG-25-Pas1-D2T (=DSM 103454T =CIP 111323T) as the type strain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hoetzinger
- 1Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria
| | - Johanna Schmidt
- 1Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria
| | - Alexandra Pitt
- 1Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria
| | - Ulrike Koll
- 1Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria
| | - Elke Lang
- 2Leibniz-Institute DSMZ - German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell Cultures, Inhoffenstraße 7B, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Martin W Hahn
- 1Research Department for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, A-5310 Mondsee, Austria
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11
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Abstract
Background In many prokaryotic genera a clustered phylogeny is observed, akin to the occurrence of species in sexually reproducing organisms. For some taxa, homologous recombination has been invoked as the underlying mechanism providing genomic cohesion among conspecific individuals. Whether this mechanism is applicable to prokaryotes in freshwaters with low habitat connectivity – i.e. elevated geographic barriers to gene flow – is unclear. To investigate further we studied genomic trends within the globally abundant PnecC cluster (genus Polynucleobacter, Betaproteobacteria) and analyzed homologous recombination within the affiliated species P. asymbioticus. Results Comparisons among 20 PnecC genomes revealed a clearly discontinuous distribution of nucleotide sequence similarities. Among the nine conspecific individuals (P. asymbioticus) all average nucleotide identity (ANI) values were greater than 97%, whereas all other comparisons exhibited ANI values lower than 85%. The reconstruction of recombination and mutation events for the P. asymbioticus core genomes yielded an r/m ratio of 7.4, which is clearly above estimated thresholds for recombination to act as a cohesive force. Hotspots of recombination were found to be located in the flanking regions of genomic islands. Even between geographically separated habitats a high flux of recombination was evident. While a biogeographic population structure was suggested from MLST data targeting rather conserved loci, such a structure was barely visible when whole genome data was considered. However, both MLST and whole genome data showed evidence of differentiation between two lineages of P. asymbioticus. The ratios of non-synonymous to synonymous substitution rates as well as growth rates in transplantation experiments suggested that this divergence was not selectively neutral. Conclusions The high extent of homologous recombination among P. asymbioticus bacteria can act as a cohesive force that effectively counteracts genetic divergence. At least on a regional scale, homologous recombination can act across geographically separated ecosystems and therefore plays an important role in the evolution and consistency of bacterial freshwater species. A species model akin to the biological species concept may be applicable for P. asymbioticus. Nonetheless, two genetically distinct lineages have emerged and further research may clarify if their divergence has been initiated by reinforced geographical barriers or has been evolving in sympatry. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12864-017-4199-z) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthias Hoetzinger
- Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, A-5310, Mondsee, Austria.
| | - Martin W Hahn
- Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, A-5310, Mondsee, Austria
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12
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Hahn MW, Huymann LR, Koll U, Schmidt J, Lang E, Hoetzinger M. Polynucleobacter wuianus sp. nov., a free-living freshwater bacterium affiliated with the cryptic species complex PnecC. Int J Syst Evol Microbiol 2017; 67:379-385. [PMID: 27902302 DOI: 10.1099/ijsem.0.001637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Strain QLW-P1FAT50C-4T, isolated from a shallow, acidic freshwater pond located in the Austrian Alps at an altitude of 1300 m, was characterized by investigation of phenotypic, chemotaxonomic and genomic traits. As shown previously, phylogenetic analyses based on 16S rRNA gene sequences placed the strain in the cryptic species complex PnecC within the genus Polynucleobacter. The major fatty acids of the strain were C16 : 1ω7c and C18 : 1ω7c. The strain has a genome of 2.23 Mbp with a DNA G+C content of 44.9 mol%. The strain encodes a seemingly complete gene cluster for anoxygenic photosynthesis but lacks typical genes for CO2 assimilation. In order to resolve the phylogenetic position of the strain within the species complex PnecC, concatenated partial sequences of eight housekeeping genes were analysed. The phylogenetic reconstruction obtained did not place strain QLW-P1FAT50C-4T close to any of the five previously described species within subcluster PnecC. Pairwise average nucleotide identity (ANI) comparisons of whole-genome sequences suggested that strain QLW-P1FAT50C-4T (=DSM 24008T=CIP 111100T) represents a novel species, for which we propose the name Polynucleobacter wuianus sp. nov.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin W Hahn
- Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, Mondsee A-5310, Austria
| | - Lesley R Huymann
- Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, Mondsee A-5310, Austria
| | - Ulrike Koll
- Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, Mondsee A-5310, Austria
| | - Johanna Schmidt
- Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, Mondsee A-5310, Austria
| | - Elke Lang
- DSMZ - Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen und Zellkulturen GmbH, Inhoffenstraße 7B, D-38124 Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Matthias Hoetzinger
- Research Institute for Limnology, University of Innsbruck, Mondseestrasse 9, Mondsee A-5310, Austria
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Coudevylle N, Hoetzinger M, Geist L, Kontaxis G, Hartl M, Bister K, Konrat R. Lipocalin Q83 Reveals a Dual Ligand Binding Mode with Potential Implications for the Functions of Siderocalins. Biochemistry 2011; 50:9192-9. [DOI: 10.1021/bi201115q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Coudevylle
- Department of Structural and
Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5/1, 1030 Vienna,
Austria
| | - Matthias Hoetzinger
- Department of Structural and
Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5/1, 1030 Vienna,
Austria
| | - Leonhard Geist
- Department of Structural and
Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5/1, 1030 Vienna,
Austria
| | - Georg Kontaxis
- Department of Structural and
Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5/1, 1030 Vienna,
Austria
| | - Markus Hartl
- Institute of Biochemistry,
Center
for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 1a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Klaus Bister
- Institute of Biochemistry,
Center
for Molecular Biosciences (CMBI), University of Innsbruck, Peter-Mayr-Strasse 1a, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria
| | - Robert Konrat
- Department of Structural and
Computational Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, University of Vienna, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5/1, 1030 Vienna,
Austria
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Coudevylle N, Geist L, Hoetzinger M, Tollinger M, Konrat R. Siderocalin Q83 exhibits differential slow dynamics upon ligand binding. J Biomol NMR 2011; 51:83-88. [PMID: 21947917 DOI: 10.1007/s10858-011-9543-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2011] [Accepted: 06/23/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Siderocalin Q83 is a small soluble protein that has the ability to bind two different ligands (enterobactin and arachidonic acid) simultaneously in two distinct binding sites. Here we report that Q83 exhibits an intriguing dynamic behavior. In its free form, the protein undergoes significant micro-to-millisecond dynamics. When binding arachidonic acid, the motions of the arachidonic acid binding site are quenched while the dynamics at the enterobactin binding site increases. Reciprocally, enterobactin binding to Q83 quenches the motions at the enterobactin binding site and increases the slow dynamics at the arachidonic acid binding site. Additionally, in the enterobactin-bound state, the excited state of the arachidonic acid binding site resembles the arachidonic acid-bound state. These observations strongly suggest an allosteric regulation where binding of one ligand enhances the affinity of Q83 for the other one. Additionally, our data strengthen the emerging view of proteins as dynamic ensembles interconverting between different sub-states with distinct functionalities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolas Coudevylle
- Department of Computational and Structural Biology, Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Campus Vienna Biocenter 5, 1030 Vienna, Austria.
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