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Costa HDA, Vaz RGMV, Silva MCD, Rodrigues KF, Sousa LF, Bezerra LDS, Ribeiro MDC, Barbosa AFC, Almeida JSD, Oliveira MFD. Performance and Meat Quality of Broiler Chickens Reared on two Different Litter Materials and at two Stocking Densities. Br Poult Sci 2020; 62:396-403. [PMID: 33325739 DOI: 10.1080/00071668.2020.1864810] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
1. This study evaluated the performance and meat quality of broiler chickens reared on two litter materials and at two stocking densities.2. The chicks were allotted in a completely randomised design in a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement with two litter materials (wood shavings or rice straw) and two stocking densities (24 or 30 kg/m2), with six replicates per treatment. Broiler performance, carcase yield, prime cuts, blood plasma proteins, the enzymes alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, edible viscera, immune organs, intestine weight and length, abdominal fat, breast meat colour, pH, weight loss by defrosting, weight loss by cooking and shear force were evaluated.3. The density of 24 kg/m2 positively influenced feed consumption and weight gain. The type of litter had a positive influence on feed conversion, with a lower value for birds raised on wood shavings.4. Breast production was improved in birds reared at a density of 24 kg/m2 when compared to birds reared at a density of 30 kg/m2. The rice straw bedding negatively affected abdominal fat (resulting in higher percentages) when compared to birds reared on wood shavings.5. The types of litter affected the enzyme aspartate aminotransferase in birds raised on wood shavings, although these values were not increased to the point of influence on the physiological functions of broilers.6. The colour of the breast meat, pH, temperature, weight loss after thawing or cooking, shear force, cholesterol, triglycerides, albumin, total proteins, glucose or alanine aminotransferase content were not influenced by the stocking densities or bedding.7. The use of wood shavings as poultry bedding at a stocking density of 24 kg/m2resulted in the best performance for broiler chickens at 42 days of age.
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Affiliation(s)
- H D A Costa
- Tropical Animal Science Graduate Program the Department De Zootecnia, Federal University of Tocantins, UFT, Araguaína, Brasil
| | - R G M V Vaz
- Department De Zootecnia, Escola De Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Federal University of Tocantins, UFT, Araguaína, Brasil
| | - M C D Silva
- Department of Animal Science, Federal Rural University of the Amazon, Paragominas, Brazil
| | - K F Rodrigues
- Department De Zootecnia, Escola De Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Federal University of Tocantins, UFT, Araguaína, Brasil
| | - L F Sousa
- Department De Zootecnia, Escola De Medicina Veterinária E Zootecnia, Federal University of Tocantins, UFT, Araguaína, Brasil
| | - L D S Bezerra
- Tropical Animal Science Graduate Program the Department De Zootecnia, Federal University of Tocantins, UFT, Araguaína, Brasil
| | - M D C Ribeiro
- Tropical Animal Science the Department De Zootecnia, Federal University of Tocantins, UFT, Araguaína, Brasil
| | - A F C Barbosa
- Tropical Animal Science the Department De Zootecnia, Federal University of Tocantins, UFT, Araguaína, Brasil
| | - J S D Almeida
- Tropical Animal Science the Department De Zootecnia, Federal University of Tocantins, UFT, Araguaína, Brasil
| | - M F D Oliveira
- Tropical Animal Science Graduate Program the Department De Zootecnia, Federal University of Tocantins, UFT, Araguaína, Brasil
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Lopes WSP, Vieira VTL, Silva EJNL, Silva MCD, Alves FRF, Lopes HP, Pires FR. Bending, buckling and torsional resistance of rotary and reciprocating glide path instruments. Int Endod J 2020; 53:1689-1695. [PMID: 32767775 DOI: 10.1111/iej.13385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 07/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/04/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
AIM To evaluate the bending, buckling and torsional resistance of ProGlider (PG) (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland), R-Pilot (RP) (VDW, Munich, Germany) and WaveOne Gold Glider (WOGG) (Dentsply Sirona). METHODOLOGY Ninety instruments were used: 30 PG (size 0.16, .02v taper), 30 RP (size 0.125, .04 taper) and 30 WOGG (size 0.15, .02v taper). The bending resistance test was performed on 10 randomly selected instruments of each system according to ISO 3630-1 specifications. For the buckling resistance test, a loading was applied in the axial direction of each instrument using a universal test machine, with a 20 N cell and 15 mm min-1 speed, in the axial direction. When a lateral elastic displacement of 1 mm occurred, the force was registered. The torsional resistance test was performed according to ISO 3630-1 specifications. Statistical analysis was performed using one-way anova and post hoc Student-Newman-Keuls test (P < 0.05). RESULTS WOGG had the lowest bending resistance, whilst RP had the highest bending resistance (P < 0.05). RP also had the highest buckling resistance, and WOGG had the lowest (P < 0.05). PG had intermediate results regarding bending and buckling resistance, with significant differences to RP and WOGG (P < 0.05). RP had the highest torsional strength and the lowest angular deflection when compared to PG and WOGG (P < 0.05). No differences in the torsional strength and angular deflection were observed between WOGG and PG (P> 0.05). CONCLUSION The glide path instruments had different behaviours in term of bending, buckling and torsional resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- W S P Lopes
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, UNESA - Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - V T L Vieira
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - E J N L Silva
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - M C D Silva
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F R F Alves
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - H P Lopes
- Department of Endodontics, Grande Rio University (UNIGRANRIO), Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - F R Pires
- Department of Endodontics, School of Dentistry, UNESA - Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Manin N, da Silva MC, Zdravkovic I, Eliseeva O, Dyshin A, Yaşar O, Salahub DR, Kolker AM, Kiselev MG, Noskov SY. LiCl solvation in N-methyl-acetamide (NMA) as a model for understanding Li(+) binding to an amide plane. Phys Chem Chem Phys 2016; 18:4191-200. [PMID: 26784370 DOI: 10.1039/c5cp04847h] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The thermodynamics of ion solvation in non-aqueous solvents remains of great significance for understanding cellular transport and ion homeostasis for the design of novel ion-selective materials and applications in molecular pharmacology. Molecular simulations play pivotal roles in connecting experimental measurements to the microscopic structures of liquids. One of the most useful and versatile mimetic systems for understanding biological ion transport is N-methyl-acetamide (NMA). A plethora of theoretical studies for ion solvation in NMA have appeared recently, but further progress is limited by two factors. One is an apparent lack of experimental data on solubility and thermodynamics of solvation for a broad panel of 1 : 1 salts over an appropriate temperature and concentration range. The second concern is more substantial and has to do with the limitations hardwired in the additive (fixed charge) approximations used for most of the existing force-fields. In this submission, we report on the experimental evaluation of LiCl solvation in NMA over a broad range of concentrations and temperatures and compare the results with those of MD simulations with several additive and one polarizable force-field (Drude). By comparing our simulations and experimental results to density functional theory computations, we discuss the limiting factors in existing potential functions. To evaluate the possible implications of explicit and implicit polarizability treatments on ion permeation across biological channels, we performed potential of mean force (PMF) computations for Li(+) transport through a model narrow ion channel with additive and polarizable force-fields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikolai Manin
- G.A. Krestov Institute for Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya str, 1, Ivanovo, 153045, Russia.
| | - Mauricio C da Silva
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, BI-447, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T3A 2T3, Canada. and Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Igor Zdravkovic
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, BI-447, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T3A 2T3, Canada. and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T3A 2T3, Canada
| | - Olga Eliseeva
- G.A. Krestov Institute for Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya str, 1, Ivanovo, 153045, Russia.
| | - Alexey Dyshin
- G.A. Krestov Institute for Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya str, 1, Ivanovo, 153045, Russia.
| | - Orhan Yaşar
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, BI-447, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T3A 2T3, Canada. and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T3A 2T3, Canada
| | - Dennis R Salahub
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, BI-447, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T3A 2T3, Canada. and Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T2N 1N4, Canada
| | - Arkadiy M Kolker
- G.A. Krestov Institute for Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya str, 1, Ivanovo, 153045, Russia.
| | - Michael G Kiselev
- G.A. Krestov Institute for Solution Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, Akademicheskaya str, 1, Ivanovo, 153045, Russia.
| | - Sergei Yu Noskov
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, BI-447, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T3A 2T3, Canada. and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary, 2500 University Drive NW, Calgary, AB T3A 2T3, Canada
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Ngo V, da Silva MC, Kubillus M, Li H, Roux B, Elstner M, Cui Q, Salahub DR, Noskov SY. Quantum effects in cation interactions with first and second coordination shell ligands in metalloproteins. J Chem Theory Comput 2015; 11:4992-5001. [PMID: 26574284 PMCID: PMC4827603 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jctc.5b00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
![]()
Despite
decades of investigations, the principal mechanisms responsible
for the high affinity and specificity of proteins for key physiological
cations K+, Na+, and Ca2+ remain
a hotly debated topic. At the core of the debate is an apparent need
(or lack thereof) for an accurate description of the electrostatic
response of the charge distribution in a protein to the binding of
an ion. These effects range from partial electronic polarization of
the directly ligating atoms to long-range effects related to partial
charge transfer and electronic delocalization effects. While accurate
modeling of cation recognition by metalloproteins warrants the use
of quantum-mechanics (QM) calculations, the most popular approximations
used in major biomolecular simulation packages rely on the implicit
modeling of electronic polarization effects. That is, high-level QM
computations for ion binding to proteins are desirable, but they are
often unfeasible, because of the large size of the reactive-site models
and the need to sample conformational space exhaustively at finite
temperature. Several solutions to this challenge have been proposed
in the field, ranging from the recently developed Drude polarizable
force-field for simulations of metalloproteins to approximate tight-binding
density functional theory (DFTB). To delineate the usefulness of different
approximations, we examined the accuracy of three recent and commonly
used theoretical models and numerical algorithms, namely, CHARMM C36,
the latest developed Drude polarizable force fields, and DFTB3 with
the latest 3OB parameters. We performed MD simulations for 30 cation-selective
proteins with high-resolution X-ray structures to create ensembles
of structures for analysis with different levels of theory, e.g.,
additive and polarizable force fields, DFTB3, and DFT. The results
from DFT computations were used to benchmark CHARMM C36, Drude, and
DFTB3 performance. The explicit modeling of quantum effects unveils
the key electrostatic properties of the protein sites and the importance
of specific ion-protein interactions. One of the most interesting
findings is that secondary coordination shells of proteins are noticeably
perturbed in a cation-dependent manner, showing significant delocalization
and long-range effects of charge transfer and polarization upon binding
Ca2+.
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Affiliation(s)
- Van Ngo
- Centre for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Mauricio C da Silva
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Institute for Quantum Science and Technology and Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Maximilian Kubillus
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Kaiserstr. 12, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.,Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Hui Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Benoît Roux
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Chicago , Chicago, Illinois 60637, United States
| | - Marcus Elstner
- Institute of Physical Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology , Kaiserstr. 12, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Qiang Cui
- Department of Chemistry, University of Wisconsin-Madison , Madison, Wisconsin 53706, United States
| | - Dennis R Salahub
- Centre for Molecular Simulation, Institute for Quantum Science and Technology and Department of Chemistry, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
| | - Sergei Yu Noskov
- Centre for Molecular Simulation and Department of Biological Sciences, University of Calgary , Calgary, Alberta, Canada T2N 1N4
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