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Sams-Dodd J, Belci M, Bandi S, Smith D, Sams-Dodd F. Stable closure of acute and chronic wounds and pressure ulcers and control of draining fistulas from osteomyelitis in persons with spinal cord injuries: non-interventional study of MPPT passive immunotherapy delivered via telemedicine in community care. Front Med (Lausanne) 2024; 10:1279100. [PMID: 38249963 PMCID: PMC10797031 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2023.1279100] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Micropore particle technology (MPPT) is a topical wound treatment. It is a passive immunotherapy, acting via the skin and wound microbiome without the use of antimicrobial action. In a general patient population, it removed wound infections 60% and initiated tissue regeneration 50% quicker than antibiotics and antiseptics. As MPPT supports the immune system, the aim was to confirm that MPPT is also effective in immunocompromised individuals. People with spinal cord injury (SCI) are immunodeficient due to their injury and not an underlying disease and recruit 50% fewer immune cells to an injury. The study, therefore, determined the efficacy, safety, health economics, and sustainability of MPPT in acute and chronic wounds and pressure ulcers in this patient population. Methods Pressure ulcers in SCI persons are an orphan indication, patient variability is high, and ICH E10 excludes comparators due to ethical concerns. The study design was, therefore, a single-arm, non-interventional, observational, post-market surveillance study of MPPT for treating wounds and pressure ulcers and removing soft tissue infection in connection with draining fistulas in SCI persons. The study was based on telemedicine in community care. Results The study included 44 wounds. All acute and chronic grade 1-4 wounds and pressure ulcers reached stable closure. In wounds acting as fistulas draining from an underlying, primary focus of infection, e.g., osteomyelitis, MPPT removed the soft tissue infection in approx. 2.5 months and supported regeneration, considerably reducing fistula sizes. Compared to standard care, per-wound cost savings were 51 to 94% depending on wound grade and age, and substantial nursing resources were freed up. The telemedicine approach was well received by participants and supported independence and self-care. The use of antimicrobials, plastics, and synthetic polymers was essentially eliminated. MPPT did not require bed rest. Conclusion The study confirmed that MPPT is safe and effective in treating acute and chronic wounds in immunocompetent and immunocompromised individuals, including wounds with antimicrobial-resistant infections. MPPT also removes soft tissue infections caused by an underlying primary focus of infection, such as osteomyelitis. Non-healing wounds currently represent an unmet clinical need. The findings suggest that a therapy acting via the microbiome without antimicrobial actions is effective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maurizio Belci
- The National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, Buckinghamshire, United Kingdom
| | - Surendra Bandi
- Duke of Cornwall Spinal Treatment Centre, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
| | - Damian Smith
- Duke of Cornwall Spinal Treatment Centre, Salisbury District Hospital, Salisbury, Wiltshire, United Kingdom
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Saadoun S, Grassner L, Belci M, Cook J, Knight R, Davies L, Asif H, Visagan R, Gallagher MJ, Thomé C, Hutchinson PJ, Zoumprouli A, Wade J, Farrar N, Papadopoulos MC. Duroplasty for injured cervical spinal cord with uncontrolled swelling: protocol of the DISCUS randomized controlled trial. Trials 2023; 24:497. [PMID: 37550727 PMCID: PMC10405486 DOI: 10.1186/s13063-023-07454-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Accepted: 06/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical traumatic spinal cord injury is a devastating condition. Current management (bony decompression) may be inadequate as after acute severe TSCI, the swollen spinal cord may become compressed against the surrounding tough membrane, the dura. DISCUS will test the hypothesis that, after acute, severe traumatic cervical spinal cord injury, the addition of dural decompression to bony decompression improves muscle strength in the limbs at 6 months, compared with bony decompression alone. METHODS This is a prospective, phase III, multicenter, randomized controlled superiority trial. We aim to recruit 222 adults with acute, severe, traumatic cervical spinal cord injury with an American Spinal Injury Association Impairment Scale grade A, B, or C who will be randomized 1:1 to undergo bony decompression alone or bony decompression with duroplasty. Patients and outcome assessors are blinded to study arm. The primary outcome is change in the motor score at 6 months vs. admission; secondary outcomes assess function (grasp, walking, urinary + anal sphincters), quality of life, complications, need for further surgery, and mortality, at 6 months and 12 months from randomization. A subgroup of at least 50 patients (25/arm) also has observational monitoring from the injury site using a pressure probe (intraspinal pressure, spinal cord perfusion pressure) and/or microdialysis catheter (cord metabolism: tissue glucose, lactate, pyruvate, lactate to pyruvate ratio, glutamate, glycerol; cord inflammation: tissue chemokines/cytokines). Patients are recruited from the UK and internationally, with UK recruitment supported by an integrated QuinteT recruitment intervention to optimize recruitment and informed consent processes. Estimated study duration is 72 months (6 months set-up, 48 months recruitment, 12 months to complete follow-up, 6 months data analysis and reporting results). DISCUSSION We anticipate that the addition of duroplasty to standard of care will improve muscle strength; this has benefits for patients and carers, as well as substantial gains for health services and society including economic implications. If the addition of duroplasty to standard treatment is beneficial, it is anticipated that duroplasty will become standard of care. TRIAL REGISTRATION IRAS: 292031 (England, Wales, Northern Ireland) - Registration date: 24 May 2021, 296518 (Scotland), ISRCTN: 25573423 (Registration date: 2 June 2021); ClinicalTrials.gov number : NCT04936620 (Registration date: 21 June 2021); NIHR CRN 48627 (Registration date: 24 May 2021).
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Affiliation(s)
- Samira Saadoun
- Academic Neurosurgery, Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London, UK.
| | - Lukas Grassner
- Department of Neurosurgery, Christian Doppler Clinic, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
- Institute of Molecular Regenerative Medicine, Spinal Cord Injury and Tissue Regeneration Center Salzburg, Paracelsus Medical University, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Maurizio Belci
- National Spinal Injury Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, Bucks, UK
| | - Jonathan Cook
- Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, Botnar Research Centre, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Ruth Knight
- Liverpool Clinical Trials Centre, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Lucy Davies
- Surgical Intervention Trials Unit, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Hasan Asif
- Academic Neurosurgery, Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Ravindran Visagan
- Academic Neurosurgery, Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Mathew J Gallagher
- Academic Neurosurgery, Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
| | - Claudius Thomé
- Department of Neurosurgery, Innsbruck Medical University, Innsbruck, Austria
| | | | - Argyro Zoumprouli
- Neuro-Intensive Care Unit, Atkinson Morley Wing, St. George's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
| | - Julia Wade
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Nicola Farrar
- Population Health Sciences, Bristol Medical School, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Marios C Papadopoulos
- Academic Neurosurgery, Molecular and Clinical Sciences, St. George's, University of London, London, UK
- Neurosurgery, Atkinson Morley Wing, St. George's Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, London, UK
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Wong S, Subong P, Graham A, Wail A, Derry F, Saif M, Belci M. Predictive equations over estimating resting metabolic rate in individual with spinal cord injury requiring mechanical ventilation support - A case series. J Spinal Cord Med 2022; 45:151-154. [PMID: 32202479 PMCID: PMC8890569 DOI: 10.1080/10790268.2020.1737789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Context: The impact of mechanical ventilation on energy expenditure after spinal cord injury (SCI) is sparse. The objective of this case-series is to measure 15-minutes resting metabolic rate (RMR) to determine 24-hours measured-RMR (m-RMR) using QUARK indirect calorimeter (IC) and; compare the m-RMR with estimated RMR (e-RMR) using four commonly used predictive equations (Harris-Benedict, Mifflin St-Jeor, Henry and Schofield).Findings: We measured the RMR of four patients with SCI (one male and three female; mean age: 58.3 years) all with complete tetraplegia (ISNCSCI A) twice in a one-week interval using an IC with two sampling flow settings during a six month period. The median (IQ) of all m-RMRs was 1094 (340.2) kcal/day. The median m-RMR was 40.1% lower than the median calculated with four different e-RMRs using predictive equations. All four predictive equations overestimated RMR in SCI patients requiring mechanical ventilation by 4.1-61.1% (Harris-Benedict: 28.8-60.6%; Mifflin St-Jeor: 6.9-61.1%; Henry: 4.1-58.9% and; Schofield: 6-54.6%).Conclusion/clinical relevance: There is a high variability of e-RMR and m-RMR in patients with SCI who are dependent on mechanical ventilation. The use of predictive equations may lead to over-estimation of energy requirements. To avoid overfeeding we recommended measuring RMR using IC wherever possible. A further study with a larger sample size is needed due to the small number of subjects in our case-series. Development of a validated RMR equation in the SCI population is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samford Wong
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK,School of Health Science, University of London, London, UK,Correspondence to: Samford Wong, Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, AylesburyHP21 8AL, UK; +44 (0)1296 315049.
| | - Paul Subong
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Allison Graham
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Ahmed Wail
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Fadel Derry
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Mofid Saif
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Maurizio Belci
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK
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McKean D, Ather S, Gandhi A, Hubble T, Belci M, Tiberti S, Papanikitas J, Yanny S, King D, Hughes R, Meagher T, de Heredria LL. Pelvic MRI in spinal cord injury patients: incidence of muscle signal change and early heterotopic ossification. Spinal Cord 2020; 59:635-641. [PMID: 32873893 DOI: 10.1038/s41393-020-00539-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2020] [Revised: 08/15/2020] [Accepted: 08/17/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Prospective observational study. OBJECTIVE To evaluate pelvic MRI muscle signal changes and their association with early heterotopic ossification (HO) in patients with spinal cord injuries. SETTING National Spinal Injuries Unit, Stoke Mandeville, UK. METHODS Forty patients were imaged with at least two interval magnetic resonance (MR) studies of the pelvis in the first 6 months following a spinal cord injury. Scans were reviewed and scored for heterotopic ossification, muscle signal change and extent of muscle involvement. RESULTS Muscle signal change was present in 28 (70%) on the initial MRI and 31 (77%) by the second study. Six patients developed MR changes of prodromal or immature heterotopic ossification (15%). No restricted diffusion was demonstrated and no patient developed mature HO. Patients developing MR changes of early HO were more likely to have grade 3 muscle changes. CONCLUSION Increased T2 muscle signal is common following cord injury, is frequently progressive in the subacute period and is associated with complete injury and early MR signs of heterotopic ossification.
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Affiliation(s)
- David McKean
- Department of Radiology, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckingahmshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK.
| | - Sarim Ather
- Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Amar Gandhi
- Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Talia Hubble
- Nuffield Orthopaedic Centre, Oxford University Hospitals NHS Trust, Oxford, UK
| | - Maurizio Belci
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckingahmshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Simone Tiberti
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckingahmshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Joseph Papanikitas
- Department of Radiology, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckingahmshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Sarah Yanny
- Department of Radiology, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckingahmshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Deborah King
- Department of Radiology, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckingahmshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Richard Hughes
- Department of Radiology, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckingahmshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Thomas Meagher
- Department of Radiology, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckingahmshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK
| | - Luis Lopez de Heredria
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckingahmshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, UK
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Wade DT, Cooper J, Peckham N, Belci M. Immunotherapy to reduce frequency of urinary tract infections in people with neurogenic bladder dysfunction; a pilot randomised, placebo-controlled trial. Clin Rehabil 2020; 34:1458-1464. [PMID: 32762340 PMCID: PMC7649953 DOI: 10.1177/0269215520946065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
Objective: To establish the feasibility of a randomized, placebo-controlled trial to investigate the effect of a specific immunotherapy bacterial lysate OM-89 (Uro-Vaxom®) in reducing the frequency of urinary tract infections in people with neurogenic bladder dysfunction. Design: A parallel-group, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial. Setting: Patients at home, recruited through out-patient contact, social media and patient support groups. Subjects: People with a spinal cord injury, multiple sclerosis, transverse myelitis or cauda equina syndrome who had suffered three or more clinically diagnosed urinary tract infections treated with antibiotics over the preceding 12 months. Interventions: All participants took one capsule of oral OM-89 immunotherapy (6 mg) or matching Placebo (randomisation ratio 1:1), once daily in the morning for 3 months. Main measures: The primary outcome was occurrence of a symptomatic urinary tract infection treated with an antibiotic, assessed at 3 and 6 months. Feasibility measures included recruitment, retention and practical difficulties. Results: Of 115 patients screened, 49 were recruited, one withdrew before randomization, and 23 were allocated to the control group receiving matching placebo. Six participants, all in the control group, discontinued the intervention; all participants provided full data at both follow-up times. Over 6 months, 18/25 active group patients had 55 infections, and 18/23 control group patients had 47 infections. Most research and clinical procedures were practical, and acceptable to participants. Conclusion: It is feasible to undertake a larger trial. We recommend broader inclusion criteria to increase eligibility and generalizability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derick T Wade
- Oxford Institute of Nursing, Midwifery and Allied Health Research (OxINMAHR), Faculty of Health & Life Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford, UK
| | - James Cooper
- NSIC Research Programme Manager, National Spinal Injury Centre (NSIC), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, Bucks, UK
| | - Nicholas Peckham
- Medical Statistician, Oxford Clinical Trials Research Unit, Centre for Statistics in Medicine, Nuffield Department of Orthopaedics, Rheumatology and Musculoskeletal Sciences, (NDORMS), University of Oxford, Botnar Research Centre, Headington, Oxford, UK
| | - Maurizio Belci
- Consultant in Spinal Cord Injuries, National Spinal Injury Centre (NSIC), Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Buckinghamshire Healthcare NHS Trust, Aylesbury, Bucks, UK
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Alabed S, Belci M, Van Middendorp JJ, Al Halabi A, Meagher TM. Thromboembolism in the Sub-Acute Phase of Spinal Cord Injury: A Systematic Review of the Literature. Asian Spine J 2016; 10:972-981. [PMID: 27790330 PMCID: PMC5081337 DOI: 10.4184/asj.2016.10.5.972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2016] [Revised: 04/02/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
To review the evidence of thromboembolism incidence and prophylaxis in the sub-acute phase of spinal cord injury (SCI) 3-6 months post injury. All observational and experimental studies with any length of follow-up and no limitations on language or publication status published up to March 2015 were included. Two review authors independently selected trials for inclusion and extracted data. Outcomes studied were incidence of pulmonary embolism (PE) and deep vein thrombosis (DVT) in the sub-acute phase of SCI. The secondary outcome was type of thromboprophylaxis. Our search identified 4305 references and seven articles that met the inclusion criteria. Five papers reported PE events and three papers reported DVT events in the sub-acute phase of SCI. Studies were heterogeneous in populations, design and outcome reporting, therefore a meta-analysis was not performed. The included studies report a PE incidence of 0.5%-6.0% and DVT incidence of 2.0%-8.0% in the sub-acute phase of SCI. Thromboprophylaxis was poorly reported. Spinal patients continue to have a significant risk of PE and DVT after the acute period of their injury. Clinicians are advised to have a low threshold for suspecting venous thromboembolism in the sub-acute phase of SCI and to continue prophylactic anticoagulation therapy for a longer period of time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samer Alabed
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK
- Academic Unit of Radiology, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | - Maurizio Belci
- National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK
| | | | - Ahmed Al Halabi
- Department of Vascular Surgery, General Hospital of Celle, Germany
| | - Tom M Meagher
- Radiology Department, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Aylesbury, UK
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Wong S, Van Middendorp J, Belci M, Forbes A. Knowledge, attitudes and practices of medical staff towards obesity management in patients with spinal cord injuries: A UK, Netherland, Belgium and the Republic of Ireland survey. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2015; 10:e207. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2015.03.071] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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Belci D, Di Renzo GC, Stark M, Đurić J, Zoričić D, Belci M, Peteh LL. Morbidity and chronic pain following different techniques of caesarean section: A comparative study. J OBSTET GYNAECOL 2014; 35:442-6. [DOI: 10.3109/01443615.2014.968114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
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Wong S, Forbes A, van Middendorp J, Belci M. PP224-MON MANAGING OBESITY AFTER SPINAL CORD INJURY (SCI): AN INTERNATIONAL, MULTICENTRE, CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY OF KNOWLEDGE, ATTITUDES AND PRACTICES AMONG MEDICAL STAFF WORKING IN SCI CENTRES. Clin Nutr 2013. [DOI: 10.1016/s0261-5614(13)60534-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
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New PW, Scivoletto G, Smith É, Townson A, Gupta A, Reeves RK, Post MWM, Eriks-Hoogland I, Gill ZA, Belci M. International survey of perceived barriers to admission and discharge from spinal cord injury rehabilitation units. Spinal Cord 2013; 51:893-7. [DOI: 10.1038/sc.2013.69] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2012] [Revised: 04/23/2013] [Accepted: 05/13/2013] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Dionello R, Lopez de Heredia L, Hughes R, Meagher T, Belci M, Warakaulle D. Indications for Interventional Radiology in the Management of Patients with Spinal Cord Injuries. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil 2013; 19:211-21. [DOI: 10.1310/sci1903-211] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
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Meagher TM, Belci M, López de Heredia L, Ansorge O, Jamous A, Saif M, Hughes R. Resolution of SPAM following cordectomy: implications for understanding pathophysiology. Spinal Cord 2011; 50:638-40. [DOI: 10.1038/sc.2011.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
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Chandra J, Sheerin F, Lopez de Heredia L, Meagher T, King D, Belci M, Hughes RJ. MRI in acute and subacute post-traumatic spinal cord injury: pictorial review. Spinal Cord 2011; 50:2-7. [PMID: 22064660 DOI: 10.1038/sc.2011.107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Pictorial review. OBJECTIVES To illustrate MRI signs of acute and subacute injury with emphasis on evidence-based links to clinical outcome and implications for treatment. METHODS Description of important aspects of MRI techniques and illustration of critical MRI signs important in the assessment of spinal cord injury following trauma, in the acute and subacute stages. CONCLUSIONS Familiarity with cord MRI appearances has an important impact on planning the management of the acutely spinal cord injured patient and also identifying complications in the subacute phase particularly in the presence of neurological deterioration.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Chandra
- Department of Neuroradiology, John Radcliffe Hospital, Oxford, UK
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Belci M, Catley M, Husain M, Frankel HL, Davey NJ. Magnetic brain stimulation can improve clinical outcome in incomplete spinal cord injured patients. Spinal Cord 2004; 42:417-9. [PMID: 15111994 DOI: 10.1038/sj.sc.3101613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 87] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
STUDY DESIGN Preliminary longitudinal clinical trial. OBJECTIVES To test the efficacy of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in modulating corticospinal inhibition and improving recovery in stable incomplete spinal cord injury (iSCI). SETTING National Spinal Injuries Centre, Stoke Mandeville Hospital, Bucks, UK and Division of Neuroscience, Imperial College Faculty of Medicine, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK. METHODS Four stable iSCI patients were treated with rTMS over the occipital cortex (sham treatment) and then over the motor cortex (real treatment). Patients were assessed using electrophysiological, clinical and functional measures before treatment, during sham treatment, during the therapeutic treatment and during a 3-week follow-up period. RESULTS Cortical inhibition was reduced during the treatment week. Perceptual threshold to electrical stimulation of the skin, ASIA clinical measures of motor and sensory function and time to complete a peg-board improved and remained improved into the follow-up period. CONCLUSION In this preliminary trial, rTMS has been shown to alter cortical inhibition in iSCI and improve the clinical and functional outcome. SPONSORSHIP This work was supported by the International Spinal Research Trust.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Belci
- Division of Neuroscience & Psychological Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College, Charing Cross Hospital, London, UK
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