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Leite PPDM, Sassi FDMC, Marinho MMF, Nirchio M, Moraes RLRD, Toma GA, Bertollo LAC, Cioffi MDB. Tracking the evolutionary pathways among Brazilian Lebiasina species (Teleostei: Lebiasinidae): a chromosomal and genomic comparative investigation. Neotrop ichthyol 2022. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2021-0153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Abstract Despite several difficulties in chromosomal analyses of small-sized fishes, the cytogenetics of the Lebiasinidae was largely improved in the last years, showing differential patterns in the chromosomal evolution inside the family. In this context, it has been shown that genus Lebiasina preserves its karyotypic macrostructure, composed of 2n = 36 chromosomes, whereas the other genera generally present higher 2n. This study focused on the comparative cytogenetics of three Lebiasina species, one of them analyzed here for the first time, using conventional and molecular procedures. The results reinforced the differentiated evolutionary path of the genus Lebiasina while, at the same time, highlighted the genomic particularities that have accompanied the evolution of each species. In this sense, the repetitive components of the genome played a significant role in the differentiation of each species. It is also notable that L. minuta and L. melanoguttata, the two species that occur exclusively in the Brazilian territory, show greater chromosomal similarities to each other than to the trans-Andean sister species, L. bimaculata.
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Nirchio M, Masache MC, Paim FG, Cioffi MDB, Moreira Filho O, Barriga R, Oliveira C, Rossi AR. Chromosome analysis in Saccodon wagneri (Characiformes) and insights into the karyotype evolution of Parodontidae. Neotrop ichthyol 2021. [DOI: 10.1590/1982-0224-2020-0103] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
ABSTRACT Parodontidae is a relatively small group of Neotropical characiform fishes consisting of three genera (Apareiodon, Parodon, and Saccodon) with 32 valid species. A vast cytogenetic literature is available on Apareiodon and Parodon, but to date, there is no cytogenetic data about Saccodon, a genus that contains only three species with a trans-Andean distribution. In the present study the karyotype of S. wagneri was described, based on both conventional (Giemsa staining, Ag-NOR, C-bands) and molecular (repetitive DNA mapping by fluorescent in situ hybridization) methods. A diploid chromosome number of 2n = 54 was observed in both sexes, and the presence of heteromorphic sex chromosomes of the ZZ/ZW type was detected. The W chromosome has a terminal heterochromatin band that occupies approximately half of the long arm, being this band approximately half the size of the Z chromosome. The FISH assay showed a synteny of the 18S-rDNA and 5S-rDNA genes in the chromosome pair 14, and the absence of interstitial telomeric sites. Our data reinforce the hypothesis of a conservative karyotype structure in Parodontidae and suggest an ancient origin of the sex chromosomes in the fishes of this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Nirchio
- Universidad Técnica de Machala, Ecuador; Universidad de Oriente, Venezuela
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Nirchio M, Paim FG, Britzke R, Rossi AR, Milana V, Oliveira C. Molecular Analysis and Chromosome Mapping of Repetitive DNAs in the Green Terror Andinoacara rivulatus (Cichlidae: Cichlasomatini). Zebrafish 2020; 17:38-47. [PMID: 31994993 DOI: 10.1089/zeb.2019.1811] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Neotropical cichlids include hundreds of species whose taxonomy has benefited of molecular phylogeny and whose karyotype evolution has been related to the amount and distribution of different classes of repetitive sequences. This study provides the first integrative molecular (cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 and 16S sequences) and cytogenetic analyses of wild samples of the green terror Andinoacara rivulatus, a cichlid naturally distributed in Ecuador and spread throughout the world as an aquarium pet. Molecular data revealed that sequences of green terror constitute a single monophyletic clade within the genus and allowed species attribution of uncertain samples previously cytogenetically analyzed. Chromosome number (2n = 48) conforms to the general trend observed within neotropical cichlids. However, mapping of different classes of repeated sequences (18S rDNA, 5S rDNA, U1 snDNA and telomeric) revealed the presence of features uncommon among representatives of these fishes, like multiple major rDNA sites, and suggested a recent occurrence of rearrangements (fusion/inversion) in two chromosome pairs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Nirchio
- Departamento de Acuicultura, Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar, Núcleo de Nueva Esparta, Universidad de Oriente, Porlamar, Venezuela.,Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica de Machala, Machala, Ecuador
| | - Fabilene Gomes Paim
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Britzke
- Departamento de Acuicultura, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica de Machala, Machala, Ecuador.,Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
| | - Anna Rita Rossi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin," Sapienza-Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Milana
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin," Sapienza-Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Oliveira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Botucatu, Brazil
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Sassi FDMC, Hatanaka T, de Moraes RLR, Toma GA, de Oliveira EA, Liehr T, Rab P, Bertollo LAC, Viana PF, Feldberg E, Nirchio M, Marinho MMF, Souza JFDSE, Cioffi MDB. An Insight into the Chromosomal Evolution of Lebiasinidae (Teleostei, Characiformes). Genes (Basel) 2020; 11:genes11040365. [PMID: 32231057 PMCID: PMC7254295 DOI: 10.3390/genes11040365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2020] [Revised: 03/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Lebiasinidae fishes have been historically neglected by cytogenetical studies. Here we present a genomic comparison in eleven Lebiasinidae species, in addition to a review of the ribosomal DNA sequences distribution in this family. With that, we develop ten sets of experiments in order to hybridize the genomic DNA of representative species from the genus Copeina, Copella, Nannostomus, and Pyrrhulina in metaphase plates of Lebiasina melanoguttata. Two major pathways on the chromosomal evolution of these species can be recognized: (i) conservation of 2n = 36 bi-armed chromosomes in Lebiasininae, as a basal condition, and (ii) high numeric and structural chromosomal rearrangements in Pyrrhulininae, with a notable tendency towards acrocentrization. The ribosomal DNA (rDNA) distribution also revealed a marked differentiation during the chromosomal evolution of Lebiasinidae, since both single and multiple sites, in addition to a wide range of chromosomal locations can be found. With some few exceptions, the terminal position of 18S rDNA appears as a common feature in Lebiasinidae-analyzed species. Altogether with Ctenoluciidae, this pattern can be considered a symplesiomorphism for both families. In addition to the specific repetitive DNA content that characterizes the genome of each particular species, Lebiasina also keeps inter-specific repetitive sequences, thus reinforcing its proposed basal condition in Lebiasinidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francisco de M. C. Sassi
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Peixes, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São, Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; (F.d.M.C.S.); (T.H.); (R.L.R.d.M.); (G.A.T.); (L.A.C.B.); (M.d.B.C.)
| | - Terumi Hatanaka
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Peixes, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São, Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; (F.d.M.C.S.); (T.H.); (R.L.R.d.M.); (G.A.T.); (L.A.C.B.); (M.d.B.C.)
| | - Renata Luiza R. de Moraes
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Peixes, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São, Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; (F.d.M.C.S.); (T.H.); (R.L.R.d.M.); (G.A.T.); (L.A.C.B.); (M.d.B.C.)
| | - Gustavo A. Toma
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Peixes, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São, Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; (F.d.M.C.S.); (T.H.); (R.L.R.d.M.); (G.A.T.); (L.A.C.B.); (M.d.B.C.)
| | | | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Jena 07747, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-3641-9396850; Fax: +49-3641-9396852
| | - Petr Rab
- Laboratory of Fish Genetics, Institute of Animal Physiology and Genetics, Czech Academy of Sciences, 27721 Liběchov, Czech Republic;
| | - Luiz A. C. Bertollo
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Peixes, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São, Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; (F.d.M.C.S.); (T.H.); (R.L.R.d.M.); (G.A.T.); (L.A.C.B.); (M.d.B.C.)
| | - Patrik F. Viana
- Laboratório de Genética Animal, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM 69067-375, Brazil; (P.F.V.); (E.F.); (J.F.d.S.e.S.)
| | - Eliana Feldberg
- Laboratório de Genética Animal, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM 69067-375, Brazil; (P.F.V.); (E.F.); (J.F.d.S.e.S.)
| | - Mauro Nirchio
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica de Machala, Machala 070151, Ecuador;
| | - Manoela Maria F. Marinho
- Museu de Zoologia da Universidade de São Paulo (MZUSP), São Paulo, SP 04263-000, Brazil;
- Departamento de Sistemática e Ecologia, Universidade Federal da Paraíba, João Pessoa, PB 58033-455, Brazil
| | - José Francisco de S. e Souza
- Laboratório de Genética Animal, Coordenação de Biodiversidade, Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas da Amazônia, Manaus, AM 69067-375, Brazil; (P.F.V.); (E.F.); (J.F.d.S.e.S.)
| | - Marcelo de B. Cioffi
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Peixes, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São, Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil; (F.d.M.C.S.); (T.H.); (R.L.R.d.M.); (G.A.T.); (L.A.C.B.); (M.d.B.C.)
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Abstract
La tilapia es un pez dulceacuícola originario del África que posee muchas características que la convierten en un excelente pez para acuicultura, pero también es considerada como una de las especies exóticas invasoras más peligrosas del mundo debido a su adaptabilidad y potencial reproductivo. En este ensayo se analiza el dilema entre las bondades de estos peces como alternativa para contribuir con la seguridad agroalimentaria y la amenaza que representa para la biodiversidad acuática de Ecuador. La ausencia de información oficial hace necesario investigar el efecto de las invasiones por tilapia en los ríos, lagunas y esteros colonizados por esta especie. El nivel de acción para prevenir, erradicar o controlar la tilapia en Ecuador ha sido muy limitado y por lo tanto se impone la necesidad de establecer estrategias para evitar su propagación hacia áreas aún no invadidas. Aunque el gobierno de Ecuador posee regulaciones que restringen la introducción de especies exóticas, la realidad es que, en el caso de la tilapia, lejos de establecer controles adecuados, el cultivo de estos peces es impulsado sin mayores objeciones. Se discute la posibilidad de adoptar estrategias de control biológico para erradicar y/o mitigar las consecuencias de la invasión por tilapias en el país y la necesidad de fomentar campañas educativas para crear un nuevo comportamiento ambiental, conciencia y responsabilidad en la sociedad.
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Britzke R, Menezes NA, Nirchio M. Redescription of Mugil setosus Gilbert 1892 with comments on the occurrence of Mugil curema Valenciennes 1836 in the Pacific Ocean (Teleostei: Perciformes: Mugilidae). Zootaxa 2019; 4671:zootaxa.4671.3.5. [PMID: 31716044 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.4671.3.5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2019] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Mugil setosus Gilbert 1892 was originally described by Gilbert based on specimens from Clarion Island, in the western and most remote of the Revillagigedo Islands, about 1,000 km off the western Pacific coast of Mexico. Examination of the type of material and recently collected specimens from Ecuador and Peru, resulted in the redescription provided herein. Diagnostic characters of the species were mainly: tip of the pelvic fin reaching beyond the vertical through the base of the third dorsal-fin spine, the pectoral-fin rays with ii+13-14 rays, the anterodorsal tip of second (soft) dorsal fin uniformly dark, and an external row of larger teeth, and more internally a patch of scattered smaller teeth, visible mainly in adults 150 mm SL. The expansion of geographic distribution of Mugil setosus and occurrence of Mugil curema Valenciennes 1836 in the Pacific Ocean are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Britzke
- Universidad Técnica de Machala, Ecuador, Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, km. 5 1/2 Vía Machala-Pasaje, Machala, El Oro, Ecuador.
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Nirchio M, Choco Ventimilla OJ, Quizhpe Cordero PF, Hernández JG, Oliveira C. Genotoxic effects of mercury chloride on the Neotropical fish Andinoacara rivulatus (Cichlidae: Cichlasomatini). ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.15517/rbt.v67i4.34133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
Understanding the effects of heavy metals in aquatic ecosystems is of significant importance due to their potential to bioaccumulate at various trophic levels and induce damage in DNA. Mercury is considered one of the most dangerous heavy metals, causing chromosomal breakage (clastogenic event) or spindle dysfunction (aneugenic event), that can lead to the formation of encapsulated chromatin into a separate smaller nucleus, generally referred to as a micronucleus. We evaluated the sensitivity of the micronucleus test in the neotropical cichlid Andinoacara rivulatus (Günther 1860). The fish were divided into four groups of 16 individuals, and each group was placed in separate aquaria (140 L) provided with filtered water and constant aeration. Fish were exposed to mercury chloride (HgCl2) at doses 0.1, 0.25, and 0.50 mg/Kg body weight, administered by intraperitoneal (IP) injection. Fish from the control group were injected with a physiologic solution. The following erythrocyte anomalies were identified: erythrocytes with micronuclei varying to some extent in size and position in the cytoplasm, blebbed nucleus, binucleated cell, nuclei showing a deep invagination toward the center (notched nuclei). Examination of blood smears demonstrated a higher level of micronucleus and notched erythrocytes in fish injected with HgCl2 than in the controls. There were significant differences in the frequency of micronucleated and notched erythrocyte among the groups exposed to mercury. Linear regression analysis revealed a positive relationship between the frequency of micronucleated and notched erythrocytes (P < 0.0001), with a moderately strong correlation coefficient (r=0.737). We propose that, in addition to the two so far known mechanisms of micronucleus formation (spindle apparatus damage and chromosomal ruptures), chromatin fragmentation in notched nuclei resulting from a combination of the cytotoxic effects of mercury and mechanical stress, may be a third mechanism of micronuclei genesis. It is emphasized that although the micronucleus test is a cheap and technically simple method that requires very basic equipment, direct counting of erythrocytes using a microscope is a time-consuming task because it requires counting a high number of cells (a minimum of 1,000 to 2,000 cells) per blood smear, leading to visual fatigue. We recommend, photographing the stained blood smears at several areas at random and scoring the digital images using Adobe Photoshop software as an easy way to evaluate a large number of erythrocytes for minimizing the visual fatigue caused by many hours of direct observation through a microscope
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Sassi FDMC, Oliveira EAD, Bertollo LAC, Nirchio M, Hatanaka T, Marinho MMF, Moreira-Filho O, Aroutiounian R, Liehr T, Al-Rikabi ABH, Cioffi MDB. Chromosomal Evolution and Evolutionary Relationships of Lebiasina Species (Characiformes, Lebiasinidae). Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E2944. [PMID: 31208145 PMCID: PMC6628269 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20122944] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
We present the first cytogenetic data for Lebiasina bimaculata and L. melanoguttata with the aim of (1) investigating evolutionary events within Lebiasina and their relationships with other Lebiasinidae genera and (2) checking the evolutionary relationships between Lebiasinidae and Ctenoluciidae. Both species have a diploid number 2n = 36 with similar karyotypes and microsatellite distribution patterns but present contrasting C-positive heterochromatin and CMA3+ banding patterns. The remarkable interstitial series of C-positive heterochromatin occurring in L. melanoguttata is absent in L. bimaculata. Accordingly, L. bimaculata shows the ribosomal DNA sites as the only GC-rich (CMA3+) regions, while L. melanoguttata shows evidence of a clear intercalated CMA3+ banding pattern. In addition, the multiple 5S and 18S rDNA sites in L. melanogutatta contrast with single sites present in L. bimaculata. Comparative genomic hybridization (CGH) experiments also revealed a high level of genomic differentiation between both species. A polymorphic state of a conspicuous C-positive, CMA3+, and (CGG)n band was found only to occur in L. bimaculata females, and its possible relationship with a nascent sex chromosome system is discussed. Whole chromosome painting (WCP) and CGH experiments indicate that the Lebiasina species examined and Boulengerella maculata share similar chromosomal sequences, thus supporting the relatedness between them and the evolutionary relationships between the Lebiasinidae and Ctenoluciidae families.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ezequiel Aguiar de Oliveira
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Peixes, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
- Secretaria de Estado de Educação de Mato Grosso-SEDUC-MT, Cuiabá, MT 78049-909, Brazil.
| | - Luiz Antonio Carlos Bertollo
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Peixes, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Mauro Nirchio
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica de Machala, Machala 070151, Ecuador.
| | - Terumi Hatanaka
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Peixes, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
| | | | - Orlando Moreira-Filho
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Peixes, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
| | - Rouben Aroutiounian
- Department of Genetics and Cytology, Yerevan State University, Yerevan 0063, Armenia.
| | - Thomas Liehr
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Hospital Jena, Jena 07747, Germany.
| | | | - Marcelo de Bello Cioffi
- Laboratório de Citogenética de Peixes, Departamento de Genética e Evolução, Universidade Federal de São Carlos, São Carlos, SP 13565-905, Brazil.
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Nirchio M, Gaviria JI, Siccha-Ramirez ZR, Oliveira C, Foresti F, Milana V, Rossi AR. Chromosomal polymorphism and molecular variability in the pearly razorfish Xyrichtys novacula (Labriformes, Labridae): taxonomic and biogeographic implications. Genetica 2019; 147:47-56. [PMID: 30673915 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-019-00051-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
The pearly razorfish Xyrichtys novacula (Linnaeus, 1758) is a sedentary benthic species distributed in both sides of the Atlantic Ocean and in the Mediterranean Sea. Previous cytogenetic analysis reported different diploid numbers in samples from Italy, Venezuela and Brazil. This research aims to test the hypothesis that samples from American Atlantic coast and Mediterranean Sea belong to the same single evolutionary lineage, characterized by intra-specific chromosome polymorphism. To this purpose a cytogenetic and molecular (mitochondrial COI sequences) survey was undertaken. Results revealed the existence of three different pearly razorfish molecular lineages: one present in Mediterranean Sea and two in the central and south American area, which are characterized by different karyotypes. One of these lineages shows substantial intra-population chromosomal polymorphism (2n = 45-48) determined by Robertsonian fusions that produce large metacentric chromosomes. On the whole data suggest that specimens morphologically identified as X. novacula correspond to three cryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Nirchio
- Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar, Núcleo de Nueva Esparta, Universidad de Oriente, Apartado 174, Porlamar, Isla de Margarita, Venezuela.,Universidad Técnica de Machala, Av. Panamericana km 5½, Via Pasaje, Machala, El Oro, Ecuador
| | - Juan Ignacio Gaviria
- Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar, Núcleo de Nueva Esparta, Universidad de Oriente, Apartado 174, Porlamar, Isla de Margarita, Venezuela
| | | | - Claudio Oliveira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Fausto Foresti
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista-UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, 18618-970, Brazil
| | - Valentina Milana
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza-Università di Roma, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Rossi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza-Università di Roma, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161, Rome, Italy.
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Nirchio M, Paim FG, Milana V, Rossi AR, Oliveira C. Identification of a New Mullet Species Complex Based on an Integrative Molecular and Cytogenetic Investigation of Mugil hospes (Mugilidae: Mugiliformes). Front Genet 2018; 9:17. [PMID: 29459882 PMCID: PMC5807406 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2018.00017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 01/15/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Mullets are very common fishes included in the family Mugilidae, (Mugiliformes), which are characterized by both a remarkably uniform external morphology and internal anatomy. Recently, within this family, different species complexes were molecularly identified within Mugil, a genus which is characterized by lineages that sometimes show very different karyotypes. Here we report the results of cytogenetic and molecular analyses conducted on Mugil hospes, commonly known as the hospe mullet, from Ecuador. The study aims to verify whether the original described species from the Pacific Ocean corresponds to that identified in the Atlantic Ocean, and to identify species-specific chromosome markers that can add new comparative data about Mugilidae karyotype evolution. The karyotype of M. hospes from Ecuador is composed of 48 acrocentric chromosomes and shows two active nucleolar organizer regions (NORs). In situ hybridization, using different types of repetitive sequences (rDNAs, U1 snDNA, telomeric repeats) as probes, identified species-specific chromosome markers that have been compared with those of other species of the genus Mugil. Cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) sequence analysis shows only 92-93% similarity with sequences previously deposited under this species name in GenBank, all of which were from the Atlantic Ocean. Phylogenetic reconstructions indicate the presence of three well-supported hospe mullet lineages whose molecular divergence is compatible with the presence of distinct species. Indeed, the first lineage includes samples from Ecuador, whereas the other two lineages include the Atlantic samples and correspond to M. brevirostris from Brazil and Mugil sp. R from Belize/Venezuela. Results here provided reiterate the pivotal importance of an integrative molecular and cytogenetic approach in the reconstruction of the relationships within Mugilidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Nirchio
- Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias, Universidad Técnica de Machala, Machala, Ecuador
| | - Fabilene G. Paim
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Valentina Milana
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna R. Rossi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Sapienza Università di Roma, Rome, Italy
| | - Claudio Oliveira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista “Júlio de Mesquita Filho”, São Paulo, Brazil
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11
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Nirchio M, Oliveira C, Siccha-Ramirez ZR, de Sene VF, Sola L, Milana V, Rossi AR. The Mugil curema species complex (Pisces, Mugilidae): a new karyotype for the Pacific white mullet mitochondrial lineage. Comp Cytogenet 2017; 11:225-237. [PMID: 28919961 PMCID: PMC5596985 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v11i2.11579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2017] [Accepted: 02/10/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Recent molecular phylogenetic analyses have shown that the Mugil curema Valenciennes, 1836 species complex includes M. incilis Hancock, 1830, M. thoburni (Jordan & Starks, 1896) and at least four "M. curema" mitochondrial lineages, considered as cryptic species. The cytogenetic data on some representatives of the species complex have shown a high cytogenetic diversity. This research reports the results of cytogenetic and molecular analyses of white mullet collected in Ecuador. The analyzed specimens were molecularly assigned to the Mugil sp. O, the putative cryptic species present in the Pacific Ocean and showed a 2n = 46 karyotype, which is composed of 2 metacentric and 44 subtelocentric/acrocentric chromosomes. This karyotype is different from the one described for M. incilis (2n = 48) and from those of the two western Atlantic lineages Mugil curema (2n = 28), and Mugil margaritae (2n = 24). Data suggest the need for a morphological analysis to assign a species name to this Pacific lineage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Nirchio
- Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar, Núcleo de Nueva Esparta, Universidad de Oriente, Apartado 174, Porlamar, Isla de Margarita, Venezuela
- Universidad Técnica de Machala, Av. Panamericana km 5½, Via Pasaje, Machala, El Oro, Ecuador
| | - Claudio Oliveira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Zoila R. Siccha-Ramirez
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviani F. de Sene
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, 18618-970 Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Luciana Sola
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Sapienza - Università di Roma, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Valentina Milana
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Sapienza - Università di Roma, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161, Rome, Italy
| | - Anna Rita Rossi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie “C. Darwin”, Sapienza - Università di Roma, Via Alfonso Borelli 50, 00161, Rome, Italy
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Nirchio M, Oliveira C, Siccha-Ramirez ZR, Sene VF, Sánchez-Romero OR, Ehemann NR, Milana V, Rossi AR, Sola L. Cryptic Caribbean species of Scorpaena (Actinopterygii: Scorpaeniformes) suggested by cytogenetic and molecular data. J Fish Biol 2016; 89:1947-1957. [PMID: 27488622 DOI: 10.1111/jfb.13089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2015] [Accepted: 06/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Cytogenetic and molecular analyses enabled identification of two cytotypes among individuals of the spotted scorpion fish Scorpaena plumieri from Margarita Island, Venezuela. Cytotype 1 was characterized by 48 subtelo-acrocentric chromosomes and fundamental number (number of chromosome arms; FN) equalled 48, while cytotype 2 was characterized by two metacentric and 46 subtelo-acrocentric chromosomes and FN was 50. These cytotypes also differed in the location of the ribosomal gene clusters and in the distribution of the constitutive heterochromatin. Moreover, fish from the cytotypes 1 and 2 were found to belong to distinct mitochondrial lineages. The presence of two S. plumieri cytotypes from two lineages separated by high genetic distance suggests that they correspond to sympatric cryptic species.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Nirchio
- Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar, Universidad de Oriente, Isla de Margarita, Venezuela
- Universidad Técnica de Machala, Ecuador
| | - C Oliveira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Z R Siccha-Ramirez
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - V F Sene
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências Universidade Estadual Paulista, São Paulo, Brazil
| | | | - N R Ehemann
- Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar, Universidad de Oriente, Isla de Margarita, Venezuela
| | - V Milana
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza - Università di Roma, Italy.
| | - A R Rossi
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza - Università di Roma, Italy
| | - L Sola
- Dipartimento di Biologia e Biotecnologie "C. Darwin", Sapienza - Università di Roma, Italy
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Sánchez-Romero O, Abad CQ, Cordero PQ, de Sene VF, Nirchio M, Oliveira C. First description of the karyotype and localization of major and minor ribosomal genes in Rhoadsiaaltipinna Fowler, 1911 (Characiformes, Characidae) from Ecuador. Comp Cytogenet 2015; 9:271-280. [PMID: 26140168 PMCID: PMC4488973 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v9i2.4504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
Karyotypic features of Rhoadsiaaltipinna Fowler, 1911 from Ecuador were investigated by examining metaphase chromosomes through Giemsa staining, C-banding, Ag-NOR, and two-color-fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) for mapping of 18S and 5S ribosomal genes. The species exhibit a karyotype with 2n = 50, composed of 10 metacentric, 26 submetacentric and 14 subtelocentric elements, with a fundamental number FN=86 and is characterized by the presence of a larger metacentric pair (number 1), which is about 2/3 longer than the average length of the rest of the metacentric series. Sex chromosomes were not observed. Heterochromatin is identifiable on 44 chromosomes, distributed in paracentromeric position near the centromere. The first metacentric pair presents two well-defined heterochromatic blocks in paracentromeric position, near the centromere. Impregnation with silver nitrate showed a single pair of Ag-positive NORs localized at terminal regions of the short arms of the subtelocentric chromosome pair number 12. FISH assay confirmed these localization of NORs and revealed that minor rDNA clusters occur interstitially on the larger metacentric pair number 1. Comparison of results here reported with those available on other Characidae permit to hypothesize that the presence of a very large metacentric pair might represent a unique and derived condition that characterize one of four major lineages molecularly identified in this family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Omar Sánchez-Romero
- Universidad Técnica de Machala, El Oro, Ecuador
- Universidad Nacional Mayor de San Marcos UNMSM, Lima, Perú
| | | | | | - Viviani França de Sene
- Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Morfologia, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. CEP: 18618-970
| | - Mauro Nirchio
- Universidad Técnica de Machala, El Oro, Ecuador
- Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar, Universidad de Oriente, Estado Nueva Esparta, Venezuela
| | - Claudio Oliveira
- Laboratório de Biologia e Genética de Peixes, Instituto de Biociências de Botucatu, Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), Departamento de Morfologia, Distrito de Rubião Junior, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil. CEP: 18618-970
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Nirchio M, Ehemann N, Siccha-Ramirez R, Ron E, Pérez JE, Rossi AR, Oliveira C. Karyotype of the invasive species Pterois volitans (Scorpaeniformes: Scorpaenidae) from Margarita Island, Venezuela. REV BIOL TROP 2015; 62:1365-73. [PMID: 25720173 DOI: 10.15517/rbt.v62i4.13029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
The genus Pterois includes nine valid species, native to the Red Sea and Indian Ocean throughout the Western Pacific. P. volitans and P. miles are native to the Indo-Pacific, and were introduced into Florida waters as a result of aquarium releases, and have been recently recognized as invaders of the Western Atlantic and Caribbean Sea (Costa Rica to Venezuela). Thus far, cytogenetic studies of the genus Pterois only cover basic aspects of three species, including P. volitans from Indo-Pacific Ocean. Considering the lack of more detailed information about cytogenetic characteristics of this invasive species, the objective of the present study was to investigate the basic and molecular cytogenetic characteristics of P. volitans in Venezuela, and compare the results with those from the original distribution area. For this, the karyotypic characteristics of four lionfish caught in Margarita Island, Venezuela, were investigated by examining metaphase chromosomes by Giemsa staining, C-banding, Ag-NOR, and two-colour-Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) for mapping of 18S and 5S ribosomal genes. Comparing the sequences of the 16S gene of the specimens analyzed, with sequences already included in the Genbank, we corroborated that our specimens identified as P. volitans are in fact this species, and hence exclude the possibility of a misidentification of P. miles. The diploid number was 2n = 48 (2m + 10sm + 36a) with FN = 60. Chromosomes uniformly decreased in size, making it difficult to clearly identify the homologues except for the only metacentric pair, and the pairs number two, the largest of the submetacentric series. C-banding revealed only three pairs of chromosomes negative for C-band, whereas all remaining chromosomes presented telomeric and some interstitial C-positive blocks. Only two chromosomes were C-banding positive at the pericentromeric regions. Sequential staining revealed Ag-NOR on the tips of the short arms of chromosome pair number two and the FISH assay revealed that 18S rDNA and 5S rDNA genes are co-located on this chromosome pair. The co-localization of 5S rDNA and 45S rDNA is discussed. Both constitutive heterochromatin and NOR location detected in samples examined in this study, differ from those reported for P. volitans in previous analysis of specimens collected in Indian Ocean (Java), suggesting the occurrence of chromosome microrearrangements involving heterochromatin during the spread of P. volitans.
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Menezes NA, Nirchio M, De Oliveira C, Siccharamirez R. Taxonomic review of the species of Mugil (Teleostei: Perciformes: Mugilidae) from the Atlantic South Caribbean and South America, with integration of morphological, cytogenetic and molecular data. Zootaxa 2015; 3918:1-38. [PMID: 25781080 DOI: 10.11646/zootaxa.3918.1.1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2015] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Analysis of morphological, molecular and cytological data helped to define and more precisely characterize the species of Mugil from the Atlantic coasts of South Caribbean and South America, allowing a correction of prior misidentifications and distributional ranges. A new species from Venezuela is described and all the species from the area are redescribed. It is demonstrated that the apparent similarity in morphological traits, which contradicted the results from recent molecular studies, is the result of the misuse of traditional morphological characters, and thus both the molecular and cytological data instead are congruent with the morphological differences that are found among mullet species. The presence of Mugil hospes Jordan & Culver in the western south Atlantic is refuted based on the comparison of type material of this species with specimens from this area that also indicated a very significant morphological difference, what on the other hand justifies the recognition of these specimens as Mugil brevirostris (Ribeiro). The distribution of Mugil incilis Hancock is restricted and the similarities among the species formerly depicted in a prior dendrogram is modified following the inclusion of recently obtained molecular data for Mugil curvidens Valenciennes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Naércio A Menezes
- Museu de Zoologia, Universidade de São Paulo, Caixa Postal 42494, 04218-970, São Paulo,SP, Brazil.;
| | - Mauro Nirchio
- Escuela de Ciências Aplicadas del Mar, Universidad de Oriente, Apartado Postal 147, Porlamar, Isla de Margarita, Venzuela.;
| | - Cláudio De Oliveira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 18618-000, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.;
| | - Raquel Siccharamirez
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 18618-000, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.; unknown
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Abstract
We present a database containing cytogenetic data of Neotropical actinopterygian fishes from Venezuela obtained in a single laboratory for the first time. The results of this study include 103 species belonging to 74 genera assigned to 45 families and 17 out of the 40 teleost orders. In the group of marine fishes, the modal diploid number was 2n=48 represented in 60% of the studied species, while in the freshwater fish group the modal diploid complement was 2n=54, represented in 21.21 % of the studied species. The average number of chromosomes and the mean FN were statistically higher in freshwater fish than in marine fish. The degree of diversification and karyotype variation was also higher in freshwater fish in contrast to a more conserved cytogenetic pattern in marine fish. In contrast to the assumption according to which 48 acrocentric chromosomes was basal chromosome number in fish, data here presented show that there is an obvious trend towards the reduction of the diploid number of chromosomes from values near 2n=60 with high number of biarmed chromosomes in more basal species to 2n=48 acrocentric elements in more derived Actinopterygii.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Fausto Foresti
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Júlio de Mesquita Filho, Brazil
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Reyes G, Nirchio M, Bello R, Borderías J. [Effect of freezing and cooking on the texture and electrophoretic pattern of the proteins of octopus arms (Octopus vulgaris)]. Arch Latinoam Nutr 2014; 64:198-205. [PMID: 26137796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Texture is the most valuable feature in cephalopods. Factors that mainly affect the texture of octopus are: freezing, scalding and cooking. The aim of this study was to assess the effect of freezing, scalding and length of cooking time on the texture and electrophoretic pattern of proteins of octopus arms. Octopuses were trapped near Margarita Island and carried with ice to the laboratory where they were packed and subjected to: a) freezing at -27 degrees C or at -20 degrees C b) scalding c) cooking for 25 min, 35 min or 45 min. Shear force was determined by Kramer cell on strips of octopus arms. SDS-PAGE was done according to the Laemmli method with 12% polyacrilamide gels. A sensory evaluation of the preference of texture was carried out using a hedonic scale of 7-points and a non-trained panel. Octopus texture was not affected by freezing temperature or scalding. Frozen octopus was softer after cooking than fresh. The longer the cooking time was, the softer the octopus was. Myosin heavy chain (MHC) was not significantly affected by scalding or cooking; however large aggregates heavier than MHC, new bands and loss of resolution of the bands appeared. Myosin and paramyosin bands were more affected by freezing prior to cooking.
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Alves AL, de Borba RS, Pozzobon APB, Oliveira C, Nirchio M, Granado A, Foresti F. Localization of 18S ribosomal genes in suckermouth armoured catfishes Loricariidae (Teleostei, Siluriformes) with discussion on the Ag-NOR evolution. Comp Cytogenet 2012; 6:315-21. [PMID: 24260671 PMCID: PMC3833798 DOI: 10.3897/compcytogen.v6i3.2667] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2012] [Accepted: 09/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
The family Loricariidae with about 690 species divided into six subfamilies, is one of the world's largest fish families. Cytogenetic studies conducted in the family showed that among 90 species analyzed the diploid number ranges from 2n=38 in Ancistrus sp. to 2n=96 in Hemipsilichthys gobio Luetken, 1874. In the present study, fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) was employed to determine the chromosomal localization of the 18S rDNA gene in four suckermouth armoured catfishes: Kronichthys lacerta (Nichols, 1919), Pareiorhaphis splendens (Bizerril, 1995), Liposarcus multiradiatus (Hancock, 1828) and Hypostomus prope plecostomus (Linnaeus, 1758). All species analyzed showed one chromosome pair with 18S rDNA sequences, as observed in the previous Ag-NORs analyses. The presence of size and numerical polymorphism was observed and discussed, with proposing a hypothesis of the Ag-NOR evolution in Loricariidae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Luis Alves
- Embrapa Pesca e Aquicultura (CNPASA), Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil Embrapa Pesca e Aquicultura (CNPASA), Palmas, Tocantins, Brazil
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Univ Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Rafael Splendore de Borba
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Univ Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Allan Pierre Bonetti Pozzobon
- Laboratório de Citogenética, Univ Estadual Paulista “Julio de Mesquita Filho” - UNESP, Rio Claro, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Claudio Oliveira
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Univ Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
| | - Mauro Nirchio
- Instituto Limnológico, Universidad de Oriente, Caicara del Orinoco, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela
| | - Angel Granado
- Instituto Limnológico, Universidad de Oriente, Caicara del Orinoco, Estado Bolívar, Venezuela
| | - Fausto Foresti
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Univ Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Botucatu, São Paulo State, Brazil
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Durand JD, Shen KN, Chen WJ, Jamandre BW, Blel H, Diop K, Nirchio M, Garcia de León FJ, Whitfield AK, Chang CW, Borsa P. Systematics of the grey mullets (Teleostei: Mugiliformes: Mugilidae): molecular phylogenetic evidence challenges two centuries of morphology-based taxonomy. Mol Phylogenet Evol 2012; 64:73-92. [PMID: 22445821 DOI: 10.1016/j.ympev.2012.03.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2011] [Revised: 03/01/2012] [Accepted: 03/11/2012] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
The family Mugilidae comprises mainly coastal marine species that are widely distributed in all tropical, subtropical and temperate seas. Mugilid species are generally considered to be ecologically important and they are a major food resource for human populations in certain parts of the world. The taxonomy and systematics of the Mugilidae are still much debated and based primarily on morphological characters. In this study, we provide the first comprehensive molecular systematic account of the Mugilidae using phylogenetic analyses of nucleotide sequence variation at three mitochondrial loci (16S rRNA, cytochrome oxidase I, and cytochrome b) for 257 individuals from 55 currently recognized species. The study covers all 20 mugilid genera currently recognized as being valid. The family comprises seven major lineages that radiated early on from the ancestor to all current forms. All genera that were represented by two species or more, except Cestraeus, turned out to be paraphyletic or polyphyletic. Thus, the present phylogenetic results generally disagree with the current taxonomy at the genus level and imply that the anatomical characters used for the systematics of the Mugilidae may be poorly informative phylogenetically. The present results should provide a sound basis for a taxonomic revision of the mugilid genera. A proportion of the species with large distribution ranges (including Moolgarda seheli, Mugil cephalus and M. curema) appear to consist of cryptic species, thus warranting further taxonomic and genetic work at the infra-generic level.
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Affiliation(s)
- J-D Durand
- Institut de Recherche pour le Développement (IRD), UMR 5119 ECOSYM, Université Montpellier 2, Montpellier, France.
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Poletto AB, Ferreira IA, Cabral-de-Mello DC, Nakajima RT, Mazzuchelli J, Ribeiro HB, Venere PC, Nirchio M, Kocher TD, Martins C. Chromosome differentiation patterns during cichlid fish evolution. BMC Genet 2012; 13:2. [PMID: 25928185 PMCID: PMC3282627 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-13-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2012] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Andréia B Poletto
- Departamento de Morfologia, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Irani A Ferreira
- Departamento de Morfologia, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Diogo C Cabral-de-Mello
- Departamento de Morfologia, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Rafael T Nakajima
- Departamento de Morfologia, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Juliana Mazzuchelli
- Departamento de Morfologia, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Heraldo B Ribeiro
- Departamento de Morfologia, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
| | - Paulo C Venere
- UFMT - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto Universitário do Araguaia, Pontal do Araguaia, MT, Brazil.
| | - Mauro Nirchio
- Universidad de Oriente, Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar, Boca de Rio, Venezuela.
| | - Thomas D Kocher
- Department of Biology, University of Maryland, College Park, MD, 20742, USA.
| | - Cesar Martins
- Departamento de Morfologia, UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Botucatu, SP, Brazil.
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Hett AK, Nirchio M, Oliveira C, Siccha ZR, Rossi AR, Sola L. Karyotype characterization of Mugil incilis Hancock, 1830 (Mugiliformes: Mugilidae), including a description of an unusual co-localization of major and minor ribosomal genes in the family. Neotrop ichthyol 2011. [DOI: 10.1590/s1679-62252011005000005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the description of the karyotype of Mugil incilis from Venezuela. The chromosome complement is composed of 48 acrocentric chromosomes, which uniformly decrease in size. Therefore, the homologues can not be clearly identified, with the exception of one of the largest chromosome pairs, classified as number 1, whose homologues may show a subcentromeric secondary constriction, and of chromosome pair number 24, which is considerably smaller than the others. C-banding showed heterochromatic blocks at the centromeric/pericentromeric regions of all chromosomes, which were more conspicuous on chromosomes 1, given the C-positive signals include the secondary constrictions. AgNO3 and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) with 45S rDNA demonstrated that the nucleolus organizer regions are indeed located on the secondary constrictions of chromosome pair number 1. FISH with 5S rDNA revealed that the minor ribosomal genes are located on this same chromosome pair, near the NORs, though signals are closer to the centromeres and of smaller size, compared to those of the major ribosomal gene clusters. This is the first description of co-localization of major and minor ribosomal genes in the family. Data are discussed from a cytotaxonomic and phylogenetic perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mauro Nirchio
- Universidad de Oriente, Isla de Margarita, Venezuela
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Poletto AB, Ferreira IA, Cabral-de-Mello DC, Nakajima RT, Mazzuchelli J, Ribeiro HB, Venere PC, Nirchio M, Kocher TD, Martins C. Chromosome differentiation patterns during cichlid fish evolution. BMC Genet 2010; 11:50. [PMID: 20550671 PMCID: PMC2896337 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2156-11-50] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2010] [Accepted: 06/15/2010] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cichlid fishes have been the subject of increasing scientific interest because of their rapid adaptive radiation which has led to an extensive ecological diversity and their enormous importance to tropical and subtropical aquaculture. To increase our understanding of chromosome evolution among cichlid species, karyotypes of one Asian, 22 African, and 30 South American cichlid species were investigated, and chromosomal data of the family was reviewed. RESULTS Although there is extensive variation in the karyotypes of cichlid fishes (from 2n = 32 to 2n = 60 chromosomes), the modal chromosome number for South American species was 2n = 48 and the modal number for the African ones was 2n = 44. The only Asian species analyzed, Etroplus maculatus, was observed to have 46 chromosomes. The presence of one or two macro B chromosomes was detected in two African species. The cytogenetic mapping of 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene revealed a variable number of clusters among species varying from two to six. CONCLUSIONS The karyotype diversification of cichlids seems to have occurred through several chromosomal rearrangements involving fissions, fusions and inversions. It was possible to identify karyotype markers for the subfamilies Pseudocrenilabrinae (African) and Cichlinae (American). The karyotype analyses did not clarify the phylogenetic relationship among the Cichlinae tribes. On the other hand, the two major groups of Pseudocrenilabrinae (tilapiine and haplochromine) were clearly discriminated based on the characteristics of their karyotypes. The cytogenetic mapping of 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA) gene did not follow the chromosome diversification in the family. The dynamic evolution of the repeated units of rRNA genes generates patterns of chromosomal distribution that do not help follows the phylogenetic relationships among taxa. The presence of B chromosomes in cichlids is of particular interest because they may not be represented in the reference genome sequences currently being obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andréia B Poletto
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Morfologia, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Irani A Ferreira
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Morfologia, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Diogo C Cabral-de-Mello
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Morfologia, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Rafael T Nakajima
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Morfologia, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Mazzuchelli
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Morfologia, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Heraldo B Ribeiro
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Morfologia, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
| | - Paulo C Venere
- UFMT - Universidade Federal de Mato Grosso, Instituto Universitário do Araguaia, Pontal do Araguaia, MT, Brazil
| | - Mauro Nirchio
- Universidad de Oriente, Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar, Boca de Rio, Venezuela
| | - Thomas D Kocher
- University of Maryland, Department of Biology, College Park, MD 20742 USA
| | - Cesar Martins
- UNESP - Universidade Estadual Paulista, Instituto de Biociências, Departamento de Morfologia, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Nirchio M, Martinez ERM, Foresti F, Oliveira C. Cytogenetic analysis of three sea catfish species (Teleostei, Siluriformes, Ariidae) with the first report of Ag-NOR in this fish family. Genet Mol Biol 2010; 33:262-5. [PMID: 21637480 PMCID: PMC3036855 DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572010005000038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2009] [Accepted: 12/07/2009] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite their ecological and economical importance, fishes of the family Ariidae are still genetically and cytogenetically poorly studied. Among the 133 known species of ariids, only eight have been karyotyped. Cytogenetic analyses performed on Genidens barbus and Sciades herzbergii revealed that both species have 2n = 56 chromosomes and Cathorops aff. mapale has 2n = 52 chromosomes: Genidens barbus has 10 Metacentrics (M), 14 Submetacentrics (SM), 26 Subtelocentrics (ST), and 6 Acrocentrics (A), Sciades herzbergii has 14M, 20SM, 18ST and 4A, whereas Cathorops aff. mapale has 14M, 20SM, and 18ST. The nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) were found in a single chromosome pair on the short arm of a large-sized ST pair in Genidens barbus and on the short arm of a middle-size SM pair in Cathorops aff. mapale. Multiple NORs on the short arms of two large-sized ST pairs were found in Sciades herzbergii. The occurrence of diploid numbers ranging from 2n = 52 through 56 chromosomes and the presence of different karyotypic compositions, besides the number and position of NORs suggest that several numeric and structural chromosome rearrangements were fixed during the evolutionary history of this fish family.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Nirchio
- Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar, Universidad de Oriente, Isla de Margarita Venezuela
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Nirchio M, Oliveira C, Ferreira DC, Rondón R, Pérez JE, Hett AK, Rossi AR, Sola L. Cytogenetic characterization of Rhomboplites aurorubens and Ocyurus chrysurus, two monotypic genera of Lutjaninae from Cubagua Island, Venezuela, with a review of the cytogenetics of Lutjanidae (Teleostei: Perciformes). Neotrop ichthyol 2009. [DOI: 10.1590/s1679-62252009000400005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Lutjanidae, commonly known as snappers, includes 105 species, grouped in four subfamilies. In spite of the high number of species and of its worldwide distribution, the family has been little investigated and the phylogenetic relationships among some of its genera and species are still cause for debate. Only a small number of the species has been cytogenetically analysed. This study reports the first description of the karyotype of Rhomboplites aurorubens as well as data concerning the distribution of the constitutive heterochromatin and the location of the 18S rRNA and the 5S rRNA genes. Specimens of Ocyurus chrysurus from Venezuela were also investigated for the same cytogenetic features. Both species have a 48 uniarmed karyotype, but R. aurorubens has a single subtelocentric chromosome pair, the smallest of the chromosome complement, among the other acrocentric chromosomes. The C-positive heterochromatin is limited to the pericentromeric regions of all chromosomes. Both species show a single chromosome pair bearing the Nucleolus Organizer Regions, but NORs are differently located, in a terminal position on the short arms of the smallest chromosomes in R. aurorubens and in a paracentromeric position in a chromosome pair of large size in O. chrysurus. In O. chrysurus, the 5S rDNA gene cluster is located on a medium-sized chromosome pair, whereas in R. aurorubens it is syntenic with the 18S rDNA gene cluster on chromosome pair number 24. The obtained cytogenetic data, along with previous cytogenetic, morphological and molecular data for the family, reinforce the proposal to synonymize genus Ocyurus with Lutjanus. A review of Lutjanidae cytogenetics is also included.
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Nirchio M, Oliveira C, Ferreira IA, Martins C, Rossi AR, Sola L. Classical and molecular cytogenetic characterization of Agonostomus monticola, a primitive species of Mugilidae (Mugiliformes). Genetica 2008; 135:1-5. [PMID: 18330712 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-008-9256-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2007] [Accepted: 02/24/2008] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
This study reports the first description of the karyotype of Agonostomus monticola, a species belonging to a genus which is considered to be the most primitive among living mugilid fish. Specimens from Panama and Venezuela were cytogenetically analysed by conventional chromosome banding (Ag and base-specific-fluorochrome staining, C-banding) and by fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH). Agonostomus monticola showed a chromosome complement of 2n = 48, composed of 23 acrocentric and one subtelocentric chromosome pairs and a pericentromeric distribution of the C-positive heterochromatin in all chromosomes. Major ribosomal genes were found to be located on the short arms of the subtelocentric chromosome pair number 24 and minor ribosomal genes in a paracentromeric position of a single medium-sized chromosome pair. All these observed cytogenetic features are similar to those previously described in four representatives of two genera, Liza and Chelon, which are considered to be among the most advanced in the family. Thus, this karyotypic form might represent the plesiomorphic condition for the mullets. This hypothesis regarding the plesiomorphic condition, if confirmed, would shed new light on the previously inferred cytotaxonomic relationships for the studied species of Mugilidae, because the karyotype with 48 acrocentric chromosomes, which has been so far regarded as primitive for the family, would have to be considered as derived.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Nirchio
- Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar, Universidad de Oriente, Boca de Rio, Venezuela
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Nirchio M, Rondón R, Oliveira C, Ferreira IA, Martins C, Pérez J, Sola L, Rossi AR. Cytogenetic studies in three species of Lutjanus (Perciformes: Lutjanidae: Lutjaninae) from the Isla Margarita, Venezuela. Neotrop ichthyol 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1679-62252008000100012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
In the present study, three species of Lutjaninae, Lutjanus analis, L. griseus and L. synagris, were analyzed by conventional Giemsa staining, C-banding and silver staining, to reveal active Nucleolus Organizer Regions (NORs). Fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH) was also applied to establish the number and location of the ribosomal gene clusters (18S and 5S rRNA genes). Counts of diploid metaphasic cells revealed a diploid modal chromosome complement composed of 48 acrocentric chromosomes in both L. analis and L. griseus. Two cytotypes were observed in L. synagris: cytotype I, with 2n=48 acrocentric chromosomes, found in 19 specimens, and cytotype II, with 46 acrocentric chromosomes and one large metacentric, found in two specimens. The large metacentric, which possibly originated from a Robertsonian rearrangement, was not found to be sex-related. In the three species, constitutive heterochromatin is located in the centromeres of all chromosomes. NORs were detected on the short arms of a single chromosome pair, number 24 in L. analis and number 6 in both cytotypes of L. synagris. In L. griseus, a polymorphism of the NORs number was detected, by both Ag-staining and FISH, as females show a maximum of three NORs, and males a maximum of six NORs. In all species, minor ribosomal genes were found located on a single chromosome pair. The obtained data, along with those previously reported for other five Lutjanidae species, show that a general chromosome homogeneity occurs within the family, but that derived karyotypes based on Robertsonian rearrangements as well as multiple and variable NORs sites can also be found.
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Martinez ERM, Nirchio M, Granado A, Foresti F, Oliveira C. Cytogenetic analysis of three catfish species of the family Pseudopimelodidae (Teleostei, Siluriformes). Genet Mol Biol 2008. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572008000400015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Fausto Foresti
- Universidade Estadual Paulista Julio de Mesquita Filho, Brazil
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Nirchio M, Oliveira C, Ferreira IA, Granado A, Ron E. Extensive polymorphism and chromosomal characteristics of ribosomal DNA in the characid fish Triportheus venezuelensis (Characiformes, Characidae). Genet Mol Biol 2007. [DOI: 10.1590/s1415-47572007000100007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Nirchio M, Gaviria JI, Oliveira C, Ferreira IA, Martins C. Cytogenetic analysis of three species of the genus Haemulon (Teleostei: Haemulinae) from Margarita Island, Venezuela. Genetica 2006; 131:135-40. [PMID: 17160435 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-006-9123-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2006] [Accepted: 11/06/2006] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the karyotype analysis of Haemulon aurolineatum, Haemulon bonariensis and Haemulon plumierii, by Giemsa staining, C-banding, Ag-staining and fluorescent in situ hybridization (FISH), to locate the 18S and 5S rRNA genes. Diploid modal count in the three species was 2n = 48 acrocentric elements. Except for pair 24, which exhibited an unmistakable secondary constriction in all three species, it was not possible to classify them as homologous to each other because differences in chromosome size were too slight between adjacent pairs within a size-graded series. Ag-NOR clusters were located in pair 24 in the three species with signal located on the secondary constriction of these chromosomes. C-banding demonstrated that the three species share the same distribution pattern of the constitutive heterochromatin with centromeric heterochromatic blocks in the 23 chromosome pairs and a pericentromeric block in pair 24 which is coincident with the NORs. FISH experiments showed that 18S rDNA sequences were located coincident with the Ag-NOR site in the three species; however, differences in both the number and chromosome distribution of 5S-rDNA cluster were detected among them. Our data suggest that chromosome evolution of Haemulon has been preserved from major changes in the karyotypic macrostructure, whereas microstructural changes have occurred.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Nirchio
- Escuela de Ciencias Aplicadas del Mar, Universidad de Oriente, Boca del Rio, Isla de Margarita, Apartado Postal 147, Venezuela.
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Alves AL, Oliveira C, Nirchio M, Granado A, Foresti F. Karyotypic relationships among the tribes of Hypostominae (Siluriformes: Loricariidae) with description of XO sex chromosome system in a Neotropical fish species. Genetica 2006; 128:1-9. [PMID: 17028935 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-005-0715-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2005] [Accepted: 07/01/2005] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
The family Loricariidae, with about 683 species, is one the largest fish families in the world. The subfamily Hypostominae was recently reviewed and is now divided in five tribes. With the main objective of contributing to a better understanding of the relationships of the members of the subfamily Hypostominae, cytogenetic analyses were conducted in seven species (three Hypostomini, three Pterygoplichthini and two Ancistrini) from Brazil and Venezuela. In Pterygoplichthini, all species show 2n = 52 chromosomes. In Hypostomini Hypostomus ancistroides has 2n = 68, H. regani 2n = 72 and Hypostomus goyazensis 2n = 72 chromosomes. In Ancistrini Ancistrus n. sp. 1 has 2n = 39/40 with a sex chromosome system of the type XX/X0, which is a novelty for neotropical fishes, and Ancistrus n. sp. 2 has 2n = 52 chromosomes. Six species have single Ag-NORs and two multiple Ag-NORs. The possible cytogenetic relationships among the species of Hypostominae are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anderson Luís Alves
- Departamento de Morfologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, 18618-000, Botucatu, SP, Brazil
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Rossi AR, Gornung E, Sola L, Nirchio M. Comparative molecular cytogenetic analysis of two congeneric species, Mugil curema and M. liza (Pisces, Mugiliformes), characterized by significant karyotype diversity. Genetica 2005; 125:27-32. [PMID: 16175452 DOI: 10.1007/s10709-005-2668-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2004] [Accepted: 02/04/2005] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Two congeneric mullet species, Mugil liza and M. curema, respectively with an all-uniarmed and an all-biarmed karyotype, were cytogenetically studied by base-specific fluorochrome staining and FISH-mapping of 45S and 5S ribosomal RNA genes (rDNA) and the (TTAGGG)(n) telomeric repeats. Whereas 45S rDNA sites might be homeologus in the two species, 5S rDNA sites are not, as they are localized on chromosome arms of different size. In both species, the (TTAGGG)(n) telomeric probe hybridized to natural telomeres and was found scattered along the NORs. In metacentric chromosomes of M. curema, no pericentromeric signals of the telomeric probe were detected. Data are discussed in relation to the karyotype evolution in Mugilidae and to the mechanisms and the evolutionary implications of Robertsonian rearrangements in M. curema.
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Affiliation(s)
- A R Rossi
- Department of Animal and Human Biology, University of Rome I "La Sapienza", via A. Borelli 50, 00161 Rome, Italy
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Nirchio M, Cipriano R, Cestari M, Fenocchio A. Cytogenetical and morphological features reveal significant differences among Venezuelan and Brazilian samples of Mugil curema (Teleostei: Mugilidae). Neotrop ichthyol 2005. [DOI: 10.1590/s1679-62252005000100006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Karyotype of M. curema from the Gulf of Mexico and Brazil have been reported as possessing chromosome complement with 2n=28 and FN=48, whereas specimens from Venezuela has been reported as possessing a diploid number 2n=24 and a conserved FN (48). Although at first sight this variation suggests the presence of a chromosomal intraspecific (interpopulational) variability, the possibility that we are dealing with two different species was examined. This work revisit the karyotypes of M. curema from Venezuela and Brazil, including new data on C-banding, and NOR localization, and compares morphologic characteristics of samples from both localities. Thus, besides diploid number, the constitutive heterochromatin distribution and NORs location, mark other differences between M. curema Cytotype 1 (2n=28; FN=48) and Cytotype 2 (2n=24; NF=48). Moreover, morphologic comparison revealed differences in the scale counts and pectoral fin rays: 35 scales in the middle body line and 15 pectoral fin rays in specimens possessing the karyotype 2n=28, compared with 37-39 scales in the middle body line and 17 pectoral fin rays in specimens with the karyotype 2n=24. These differences lead us to suggest that both cytotypes are not related merely to geographic polytipic variations but could correspond to different species.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Alberto Fenocchio
- Universidad Nacional de Misiones, Argentina; Universidade Estadual de Londrina
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Oliveira C, Nirchio M, Granado Á, Levy S. Karyotypic characterization of Prochilodus mariae, Semaprochilodus kneri and S. laticeps(Teleostei: Prochilodontidae) from Caicara del Orinoco, Venezuela. Neotrop ichthyol 2003. [DOI: 10.1590/s1679-62252003000100005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Fish of the family Prochilodontidae are considered one of the most important components of commercial and subsistence fishery in freshwater environments in South America. This family consists of 21 species and three genera. In the present study, the karyotypes of Prochilodus mariae, Semaprochilodus kneri, and S. laticeps from Caicara del Orinoco, Bolivar State, Venezuela were studied. The species P. mariae, S. kneri and S. laticeps exhibited 2n=54 chromosomes (40 metacentric and 14 submetacentric), a single chromosome pair with nucleolus organizer regions, and a large amount of heterochromatin found at centromeric and pericentromeric positions in almost all chromosomes. The P. mariae specimens studied displayed 0 to 3 supernumerary microchromosomes. The data obtained here confirm the conservative nature of the chromosome number and morphology of Prochilodontidae and reinforce the hypothesis that small structural chromosome rearrangements were the main cause of the karyotypic diversification seen in this group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Herbán Cequea
- Departamento de Biología, Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad de Oriente
| | | | - José Imery
- Departamento de Biología, Escuela de Ciencias, Universidad de Oriente
| | - Mauro Nirchio
- Departamento de Acuicultura, Escuela de Ciencias del Mar, Universidad de Oriente
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