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Laloy E, Bréard E, Trapp S, Pozzi N, Riou M, Barc C, Breton S, Delaunay R, Cordonnier N, Chateau-Joubert S, Crochet D, Gouzil J, Hébert T, Raimbourg M, Viarouge C, Vitour D, Durand B, Ponsart C, Zientara S. Fetopathic effects of experimental Schmallenberg virus infection in pregnant goats. Vet Microbiol 2017; 211:141-149. [PMID: 29102110 DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2017.10.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2017] [Revised: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an emerging virus responsible for congenital malformations in the offspring of domestic ruminants. It is speculated that infection of pregnant dams may also lead to a significant number of unrecognized fetal losses during the early period of gestation. To assess the pathogenic effects of SBV infection of goats in early pregnancy, we inoculated dams at day 28 or 42 of gestation and followed the animals until day 55 of gestation. Viremia in the absence of clinical signs was detected in all virus-inoculated goats. Fetal deaths were observed in several goats infected at day 28 or 42 of gestation and were invariably associated with the presence of viral genomic RNA in the affected fetuses. Among the viable fetuses, two displayed lesions in the central nervous system (porencephaly) in the presence of viral genome and antigen. All fetuses from goats infected at day 42 and the majority of fetuses from goats infected at day 28 of gestation contained viral genomic RNA. Viral genome was widely distributed in these fetuses and their respective placentas, and infectious virus could be isolated from several organs and placentomes of the viable fetuses. Our results show that fetuses of pregnant goats are susceptible to vertical SBV infection during early pregnancy spanning at least the period between day 28 and 42 of gestation. The outcomes of experimental SBV infection assessed at day 55 of gestation include fetal mortalities, viable fetuses displaying lesions of the central nervous system, as well as viable fetuses without any detectable lesion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eve Laloy
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'anatomie pathologique, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, UMR 1161 Virologie ANSES-INRA-ENVA, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - Emmanuel Bréard
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, UMR 1161 Virologie ANSES-INRA-ENVA, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sascha Trapp
- INRA Centre Val de Loire, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, 37380 Nouzilly, France; Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, 37000 Tours, France
| | - Nathalie Pozzi
- LNCR, Laboratoire national de contrôle des reproducteurs, 13, rue Jouët, 94703 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Mickaël Riou
- INRA Centre Val de Loire, UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, secteur 3, route de Crotelles, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Céline Barc
- INRA Centre Val de Loire, UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, secteur 3, route de Crotelles, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Sylvain Breton
- INRA Centre Val de Loire, UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, secteur 3, route de Crotelles, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Rémi Delaunay
- INRA Centre Val de Loire, UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, secteur 3, route de Crotelles, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Nathalie Cordonnier
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'anatomie pathologique, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France; Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, UMR 1161 Virologie ANSES-INRA-ENVA, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Sophie Chateau-Joubert
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'anatomie pathologique, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Didier Crochet
- INRA Centre Val de Loire, UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, secteur 3, route de Crotelles, 37380 Nouzilly, France
| | - Julie Gouzil
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, UMR 1161 Virologie ANSES-INRA-ENVA, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Typhaine Hébert
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'anatomie pathologique, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Maxime Raimbourg
- LNCR, Laboratoire national de contrôle des reproducteurs, 13, rue Jouët, 94703 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Cyril Viarouge
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, UMR 1161 Virologie ANSES-INRA-ENVA, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Damien Vitour
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, UMR 1161 Virologie ANSES-INRA-ENVA, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Benoît Durand
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94700 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Claire Ponsart
- LNCR, Laboratoire national de contrôle des reproducteurs, 13, rue Jouët, 94703 Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Stéphan Zientara
- Université Paris-Est, ANSES, Laboratoire de Santé Animale, UMR 1161 Virologie ANSES-INRA-ENVA, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94704 Maisons-Alfort, France
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Laloy E, Riou M, Barc C, Belbis G, Bréard E, Breton S, Cordonnier N, Crochet D, Delaunay R, Moreau J, Pozzi N, Raimbourg M, Sarradin P, Trapp S, Viarouge C, Zientara S, Ponsart C. Schmallenberg virus: experimental infection in goats and bucks. BMC Vet Res 2015; 11:221. [PMID: 26297244 PMCID: PMC4546222 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-015-0516-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2015] [Accepted: 07/30/2015] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Schmallenberg virus (SBV) is an emerging Orthobunyavirus of ruminant livestock species currently circulating in Europe. SBV causes a subclinical or mild disease in adult animals but vertical transmission to pregnant dams may lead to severe malformations in the offspring. Data on the onset of clinical signs, viremia and seroconversion in experimentally infected adult animals are available for cattle and sheep but are still lacking for goats. For a better understanding of the pathogenesis of SBV infection in adult ruminants, we carried out experimental infections in adult goats. Our specific objectives were: (i) to record clinical signs, viremia and seroconversion; (ii) to monitor viral excretion in the semen of infected bucks; (iii) to determine in which tissues SBV replication took place and virus-induced lesions developed. Results Four goats and two bucks were inoculated with SBV. Virus inoculation was followed by a short viremic phase lasting 3 to 4 days and a seroconversion occurring between days 7 and 14 pi in all animals. The inoculated goats did not display any clinical signs, gross lesions or histological lesions. Viral genomic RNA was found in one ovary but could not be detected in other organs. SBV RNA was not found in the semen samples collected from two inoculated bucks. Conclusions In the four goats and two bucks, the kinetics of viremia and seroconversion appeared similar to those previously described for sheep and cattle. Our limited set of data provides no evidence of viral excretion in buck semen.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Laloy
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'anatomie pathologique, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - M Riou
- INRA Centre Val de Loire, UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, secteur 3, route de Crotelles, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
| | - C Barc
- INRA Centre Val de Loire, UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, secteur 3, route de Crotelles, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
| | - G Belbis
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité de pathologie des animaux de production, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - E Bréard
- ANSES, UMR 1161 Virologie ANSES-INRA-ENVA, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - S Breton
- INRA Centre Val de Loire, UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, secteur 3, route de Crotelles, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
| | - N Cordonnier
- Université Paris-Est, Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, Unité d'anatomie pathologique, 7 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - D Crochet
- INRA Centre Val de Loire, UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, secteur 3, route de Crotelles, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
| | - R Delaunay
- INRA Centre Val de Loire, UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, secteur 3, route de Crotelles, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
| | - J Moreau
- INRA Centre Val de Loire, UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, secteur 3, route de Crotelles, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
| | - N Pozzi
- LNCR, Laboratoire national de contrôle des reproducteurs, 13 rue Jouët, 94703, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - M Raimbourg
- LNCR, Laboratoire national de contrôle des reproducteurs, 13 rue Jouët, 94703, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - P Sarradin
- INRA Centre Val de Loire, UE-1277 Plateforme d'Infectiologie Expérimentale, secteur 3, route de Crotelles, 37380, Nouzilly, France.
| | - S Trapp
- INRA Centre Val de Loire, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, 37380, Nouzilly, France. .,Université François Rabelais de Tours, UMR 1282 Infectiologie et Santé Publique, 37000, Tours, France.
| | - C Viarouge
- ANSES, UMR 1161 Virologie ANSES-INRA-ENVA, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - S Zientara
- ANSES, UMR 1161 Virologie ANSES-INRA-ENVA, 23 avenue du Général de Gaulle, 94704, Maisons-Alfort, France.
| | - C Ponsart
- LNCR, Laboratoire national de contrôle des reproducteurs, 13 rue Jouët, 94703, Maisons-Alfort, France.
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