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Pham TM, Ahmed M, Lai TH, Bahar ME, Hwang JS, Maulidi RF, Ngo QN, Kim DR. Regulation of Cell Cycle Progression through RB Phosphorylation by Nilotinib and AT-9283 in Human Melanoma A375P Cells. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2956. [PMID: 38474202 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/20/2024] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors are commonly employed for the treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia, yet their impact on human malignant melanoma remains uncertain. In this study, we delved into the underlying mechanisms of specific BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors (imatinib, nilotinib, ZM-306416, and AT-9283) in human melanoma A375P cells. We first evaluated the influence of these inhibitors on cell growth using cell proliferation and wound-healing assays. Subsequently, we scrutinized cell cycle regulation in drug-treated A375P cells using flow cytometry and Western blot assays. Notably, imatinib, nilotinib, ZM-306416, and AT-9283 significantly reduced cell proliferation and migration in A375P cells. In particular, nilotinib and AT-9283 impeded the G1/S transition of the cell cycle by down-regulating cell cycle-associated proteins, including cyclin E, cyclin A, and CDK2. Moreover, these inhibitors reduced RB phosphorylation, subsequently inhibiting E2F transcriptional activity. Consequently, the expression of the E2F target genes (CCNA2, CCNE1, POLA1, and TK-1) was markedly suppressed in nilotinib and AT9283-treated A375P cells. In summary, our findings suggest that BCR-ABL tyrosine kinase inhibitors may regulate the G1-to-S transition in human melanoma A375P cells by modulating the RB-E2F complex.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Minh Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahmoud Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Trang Huyen Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Entaz Bahar
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Rizi Firman Maulidi
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Quang Nhat Ngo
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, Republic of Korea
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Bahar ME, Kim HJ, Kim DR. Targeting the RAS/RAF/MAPK pathway for cancer therapy: from mechanism to clinical studies. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2023; 8:455. [PMID: 38105263 PMCID: PMC10725898 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-023-01705-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 11/03/2023] [Accepted: 11/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Metastatic dissemination of solid tumors, a leading cause of cancer-related mortality, underscores the urgent need for enhanced insights into the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying metastasis, chemoresistance, and the mechanistic backgrounds of individuals whose cancers are prone to migration. The most prevalent signaling cascade governed by multi-kinase inhibitors is the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway, encompassing the RAS-RAF-MAPK kinase (MEK)-extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK) pathway. RAF kinase is a primary mediator of the MAPK pathway, responsible for the sequential activation of downstream targets, such as MEK and the transcription factor ERK, which control numerous cellular and physiological processes, including organism development, cell cycle control, cell proliferation and differentiation, cell survival, and death. Defects in this signaling cascade are associated with diseases such as cancer. RAF inhibitors (RAFi) combined with MEK blockers represent an FDA-approved therapeutic strategy for numerous RAF-mutant cancers, including melanoma, non-small cell lung carcinoma, and thyroid cancer. However, the development of therapy resistance by cancer cells remains an important barrier. Autophagy, an intracellular lysosome-dependent catabolic recycling process, plays a critical role in the development of RAFi resistance in cancer. Thus, targeting RAF and autophagy could be novel treatment strategies for RAF-mutant cancers. In this review, we delve deeper into the mechanistic insights surrounding RAF kinase signaling in tumorigenesis and RAFi-resistance. Furthermore, we explore and discuss the ongoing development of next-generation RAF inhibitors with enhanced therapeutic profiles. Additionally, this review sheds light on the functional interplay between RAF-targeted therapies and autophagy in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Entaz Bahar
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Medical Science, Gyeongsang National University, College of Medicine, Jinju, South Korea.
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Lai TH, Ahmed M, Hwang JS, Bahar ME, Pham TM, Yang J, Kim W, Maulidi RF, Lee DK, Kim DH, Kim HJ, Kim DR. Manipulating RKIP reverses the metastatic potential of breast cancer cells. Front Oncol 2023; 13:1189350. [PMID: 37469399 PMCID: PMC10352845 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2023.1189350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common tumor type among women, with a high fatality due to metastasis. Metastasis suppressors encode proteins that inhibit the metastatic cascade independent of the primary tumor growth. Raf kinase inhibitory protein (RKIP) is one of the promising metastasis suppressor candidates. RKIP is reduced or lost in aggressive variants of different types of cancer. A few pre-clinical or clinical studies have capitalized on this protein as a possible therapeutic target. In this article, we employed two breast cancer cells to highlight the role of RKIP as an antimetastatic gene. One is the low metastatic MCF-7 with high RKIP expression, and the other is MDA-MB-231 highly metastatic cell with low RKIP expression. We used high-throughput data to explore how RKIP is lost in human tissues and its effect on cell mobility. Based on our previous work recapitulating the links between RKIP and SNAI, we experimentally manipulated RKIP in the cell models through its novel upstream NME1 and investigated the subsequent genotypic and phenotypic changes. We also demonstrated that RKIP explained the uneven migration abilities of the two cell types. Furthermore, we identified the regulatory circuit that might carry the effect of an existing drug, Epirubicin, on activating gene transcription. In conclusion, we propose and test a potential strategy to reverse the metastatic capability of breast cancer cells by chemically manipulating RKIP expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trang Huyen Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Mahmoud Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Seok Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Md Entaz Bahar
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Trang Minh Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinsung Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Wanil Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Rizi Firman Maulidi
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Kun Lee
- Department of Physiology and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital, and Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyun Joon Kim
- Department of Anatomy and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Sciences and Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju, Republic of Korea
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Bahar ME, Hwang JS, Ahmed M, Lai TH, Pham TM, Elashkar O, Akter KM, Kim DH, Yang J, Kim DR. Targeting Autophagy for Developing New Therapeutic Strategy in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081571. [PMID: 36009290 PMCID: PMC9405341 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc degeneration (IVDD) is a prevalent cause of low back pain. IVDD is characterized by abnormal expression of extracellular matrix components such as collagen and aggrecan. In addition, it results in dysfunctional growth, senescence, and death of intervertebral cells. The biological pathways involved in the development and progression of IVDD are not fully understood. Therefore, a better understanding of the molecular mechanisms underlying IVDD could aid in the development of strategies for prevention and treatment. Autophagy is a cellular process that removes damaged proteins and dysfunctional organelles, and its dysfunction is linked to a variety of diseases, including IVDD and osteoarthritis. In this review, we describe recent research findings on the role of autophagy in IVDD pathogenesis and highlight autophagy-targeting molecules which can be exploited to treat IVDD. Many studies exhibit that autophagy protects against and postpones disc degeneration. Further research is needed to determine whether autophagy is required for cell integrity in intervertebral discs and to establish autophagy as a viable therapeutic target for IVDD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Md Entaz Bahar
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, GyeongNam, Korea
| | - Jin Seok Hwang
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, GyeongNam, Korea
| | - Mahmoud Ahmed
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, GyeongNam, Korea
| | - Trang Huyen Lai
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, GyeongNam, Korea
| | - Trang Minh Pham
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, GyeongNam, Korea
| | - Omar Elashkar
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, GyeongNam, Korea
| | - Kazi-Marjahan Akter
- College of Pharmacy and Research Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52828, GyeongNam, Korea
| | - Dong-Hee Kim
- Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, Institute of Health Sciences, Gyeongsang National University Hospital and Gyeongsang National University College of Medicine, Jinju 52727, GyeongNam, Korea
| | - Jinsung Yang
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, GyeongNam, Korea
| | - Deok Ryong Kim
- Department of Biochemistry and Convergence Medical Science, Institute of Health Sciences, College of Medicine, Gyeongsang National University, Jinju 52727, GyeongNam, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-55-772-8054
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