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Schutte S, Esser D, Siebelink E, Michielsen CJR, Daanje M, Matualatupauw JC, Boshuizen HC, Mensink M, Afman LA, Esser D, Siebelink E, Fick H, Grootte Bromhaar MM, Wang Y, de Bruijn SEM, Mars M, Meijerink J, Mensink M, Afman LA, Feskens EJM, Müller M. Diverging metabolic effects of 2 energy-restricted diets differing in nutrient quality: a 12-week randomized controlled trial in subjects with abdominal obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2022; 116:132-150. [PMID: 35102369 PMCID: PMC9257474 DOI: 10.1093/ajcn/nqac025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite the established relation between energy restriction (ER) and metabolic health, the most beneficial nutrient composition of a weight-loss diet is still a subject of debate. OBJECTIVES The aim of the study was to examine the additional effects of nutrient quality on top of ER. METHODS A parallel-designed, 12-week 25% ER dietary intervention study was conducted (clinicaltrials.gov: NCT02194504). Participants aged 40-70 years with abdominal obesity were randomized over 3 groups: a 25% ER high-nutrient-quality diet (n = 40); a 25% ER low-nutrient-quality diet (n = 40); or a habitual diet (n = 30). Both ER diets were nutritionally adequate, and the high-nutrient-quality ER diet was enriched in MUFAs, n-3 PUFAs, fiber, and plant protein and reduced in fructose. Before and after the intervention, intrahepatic lipids, body fat distribution, fasting and postprandial responses to a mixed-meal shake challenge test of cardiometabolic risk factors, lipoproteins, vascular measurements, and adipose tissue transcriptome were assessed. RESULTS The high-nutrient-quality ER diet (-8.4 ± 3.2) induced 2.1 kg more weight loss (P = 0.007) than the low-nutrient-quality ER diet (-6.3 ± 3.9), reduced fasting serum total cholesterol (P = 0.014) and plasma triglycerides (P < 0.001), promoted an antiatherogenic lipoprotein profile, and induced a more pronounced decrease in adipose tissue gene expression of energy metabolism pathways than the low-quality ER diet. Explorative analyses showed that the difference in weight loss between the two ER diets was specifically present in insulin-sensitive subjects (HOMA-IR ≤ 2.5), in whom the high-nutrient-quality diet induced 3.9 kg more weight loss than the low-nutrient-quality diet. CONCLUSIONS A high-nutrient-quality 25% ER diet is more beneficial for cardiometabolic health than a low-nutrient-quality 25% ER diet. Overweight, insulin-sensitive subjects may benefit more from a high- than a low-nutrient-quality ER diet with respect to weight loss, due to potential attenuation of glucose-induced lipid synthesis in adipose tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Schutte
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik Esser
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Els Siebelink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Charlotte J R Michielsen
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monique Daanje
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Juri C Matualatupauw
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Hendriek C Boshuizen
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Mensink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | | | - The Wageningen Belly Fat Study team
SchutteSophiePhDDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The NetherlandsEsserDiederikPhDDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The NetherlandsSiebelinkElsBScSenior Research DieticianDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The NetherlandsFickHenriëtteBScCoordinator Human ResearchDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The NetherlandsGrootte BromhaarMechteld MBScLaboratory Technician Human ResearchDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The NetherlandsWangYaPhDDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlandsde BruijnSuzanne E MPhDDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The NetherlandsMarsMonicaPhDAssociate ProfessorDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The NetherlandsMeijerinkJocelijnPhDAssistant ProfessorDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlandshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-9725-5709MensinkMarcoPhD, MDAssistant ProfessorDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlandshttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-7939-6217AfmanLydia APhDAssociate ProfessorDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The NetherlandsFeskensEdith J MPhDProfessorDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The NetherlandsMüllerMichaelPhDDirector of the Food and Metabolic Health Alliance & Professor at the University of East Anglia, Former Professor at Wageningen UniversityDivision of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Diederik Esser
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Els Siebelink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Henriëtte Fick
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Mechteld M Grootte Bromhaar
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ya Wang
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Suzanne E M de Bruijn
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Monica Mars
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jocelijn Meijerink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marco Mensink
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Edith J M Feskens
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Michael Müller
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Division of Human Nutrition and Health , Wageningen, The Netherlands
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