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Kumar K, Prakash AA, Gangasagara SB, Rathod SBL, Ravi K, Rangaiah A, Shankar SM, Basawarajappa SG, Bhushan S, Neeraja TG, Khandenahalli S, Swetha M, Gupta P, Sampritha UC, Prasad GNS, Jayanthi CR. Presence of viral RNA of SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swab specimens of COVID-19 patients. Indian J Ophthalmol 2020; 68:1015-1017. [PMID: 32461418 PMCID: PMC7508154 DOI: 10.4103/ijo.ijo_1287_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Purpose: To detect the presence of viral RNA of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) in conjunctival swab specimens of coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) patients. Methods: Forty-five COVID-19 patients positive for real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for SARS-CoV-2 in nasopharyngeal swab with or without ocular manifestations were included in the study. The conjunctival swab of each patient was collected by an ophthalmologist posted for COVID duty. Results: Out of 45 patients, 35 (77.77%) were males and the rest were females. The mean age was 31.26 ± 12.81 years. None of the patients had any ocular manifestations. One (2.23%) out of 45 patients was positive for RT-PCR SARS-CoV-2 in the conjunctival swab. Conclusion: This study shows that SARS-CoV-2 can be detected in conjunctival swabs of confirmed cases of COVID-19 patients. Though the positivity rate of detecting SARS-CoV-2 in conjunctival swabs is very less, care should be exercised during the ocular examination of patients of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kiran Kumar
- Department of Ophthalmology, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Akshata A Prakash
- Department of Ophthalmology, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Suresh Babu Gangasagara
- Department of Ophthalmology, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sujatha B L Rathod
- Department of Ophthalmology, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - K Ravi
- Department of Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Ambica Rangaiah
- Department of Microbiology, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | | | | | - Shashi Bhushan
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - T G Neeraja
- Department of Ophthalmology, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Srinivas Khandenahalli
- Department of Ophthalmology, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M Swetha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Priyam Gupta
- Department of Ophthalmology, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - U C Sampritha
- Department of Ophthalmology, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Guru N S Prasad
- Department of Ophthalmology, Minto Ophthalmic Hospital, Bangalore Medical College and Research Institute, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinaya S Pai
- Principal, Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Postgraduate Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Sandesh S Pai
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Vydehi Institute of Dental Sciences and Postgraduate Research Center Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Siri Krishna
- Reader, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Postgraduate Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M Swetha
- Senior Lecturer Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Postgraduate Research Center, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Sudarsana Murthy D, Theja P, Swetha M. Profitability Analysis – A Special Focus on ICICI Bank Ltd. International Journal of Management Studies 2019. [DOI: 10.18843/ijms/v6si6/05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
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Swetha M, Ramaiah KVA. Insulin treatment promotes tyrosine phosphorylation of PKR and inhibits polyIC induced PKR threonine phosphorylation. Arch Biochem Biophys 2015; 585:98-108. [PMID: 26321373 DOI: 10.1016/j.abb.2015.07.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2015] [Revised: 07/18/2015] [Accepted: 07/20/2015] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Tyrosine phosphorylation of insulin receptor beta (IRβ) in insulin treated HepG2 cells is inversely correlated to ser(51) phosphorylation in the alpha-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α) that regulates protein synthesis. Insulin stimulates interaction between IRβ and PKR, double stranded RNA-dependent protein kinase, also known as EIF2AK2, and phosphorylation of tyrosine residues in PKR, as analyzed by immunoprecipitation and pull down assays using anti-IRβ and anti-phosphotyrosine antibodies, recombinant IRβ and immunopurified PKR. Further polyIC or synthetic double stranded RNA-induced threonine phosphorylation or activation of immunopurified and cellular PKR is suppressed in the presence of insulin treated purified IRβ and cell extracts. Acute, but not chronic, insulin treatment enhances tyrosine phosphorylation of IRβ, its interaction with PKR and tyrosine phosphorylation of PKR. In contrast, lipopolysaccharide that stimulates threonine phosphorylation of PKR and eIF2α phosphorylation and AG 1024, an inhibitor of the tyrosine kinase activity of IRβ, reduces PKR association with the receptor, IRβ in HepG2 cells. These findings therefore may suggest that tyrosine phosphorylated PKR plays a role in the regulation of insulin induced protein synthesis and in maintaining insulin sensitivity, whereas, suppression of polyIC-mediated threonine phosphorylation of PKR by insulin compromises its ability to fight against virus infection in host cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Medchalmi Swetha
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, Telangana, India
| | - Kolluru V A Ramaiah
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500 046, Telangana, India.
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Nalawade VA, Pai VS, Krishna S, Thomas A, Swetha M, Kalladka G. The Effect of Sandblasting on the Retention of Orthodontic Bands: An in vitro Study. J Indian Orthod Soc 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0974909820130708s] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Vishal A Nalawade
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics, Vasantdada Patil Dental College and Hospital, Sangli, Maharashtra, India
| | - Vinaya Sandesh Pai
- Principal, Professor and Head, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Siry Krishna
- Professor, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Abraham Thomas
- Reader Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - M Swetha
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
| | - Goutham Kalladka
- Senior Lecturer, Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India
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Swetha M, Sahithi K, Moorthi A, Saranya N, Saravanan S, Ramasamy K, Srinivasan N, Selvamurugan N. Synthesis, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of nano-hydroxyapatite-zinc for bone tissue engineering applications. J Nanosci Nanotechnol 2012; 12:167-172. [PMID: 22523961 DOI: 10.1166/jnn.2012.5142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The bone implants used in tissue repair are susceptible to infections caused by staphylococci, specifically Staphylococcus aureus. Hence, the development of better biological materials that provide antimicrobial activity in bone tissue engineering is required. The nanoparticles of hydroxyapatite (nHAp) and nHAp dopped with Zn (nHAp-Zn) were prepared by the wet chemical method and the ion exchange method, respectively. They were characterized using SEM, AFM, FTIR and XRD. The antibacterial activity of nHAp and nHAp-Zn was determined with Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacterial strains. The results indicated that nHAp alone was acting as an inert matrix and when substituted with Zn, it showed better antibacterial activity. The nHAp-Zn was found to be non-toxic to osteoprogenitor cells. Thus, due to the antimicrobial property of nHAp-Zn nanoparticles, we suggest that they would have potential applications towards bone tissue engineering.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Swetha
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bioengineering, SRM University, Kattankulathur 603203, Tamil Nadu, India
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Pai VS, Pai SS, Krishna S, Swetha M. Evaluation of Slot Size in Orthodontic Brackets: Are Standards as Expected? JIOS 2011. [DOI: 10.5005/jp-journals-10021-1030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Abstract
AIM The process of bonding orthodontic appliances to the enamel surface of the teeth has come to the forefront as a major improvement in bonding techniques. The purpose of this study is to compare the shear bond strength of stainless steel orthodontic brackets bonded using conventional direct bonding and indirect bonding as described by Thomas. MATERIALS AND METHODS Forty sound human premolars were divided into two groups of 20 each. Group I samples were bonded directly on the tooth surface using concise two paste adhesive system after etching and drying. Group II samples were bonded indirectly on the tooth surface according to Thomas indirect bonding technique using concise two paste adhesive system. The stored specimen was tested for shear bond strength in an Instron universal testing machine at a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/minute. Data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis. RESULTS The results showed that there was no statistically significant difference in the shear bond strength between direct and indirect bonding techniques. Chi-square test showed that there were significant differences among the adhesive remnant index scores between direct and indirect bonding groups. CONCLUSION In vitro shear bond strength comparison between direct and indirect-bonded attachments showed no significant difference between the two groups. Bond strength obtained with Thomas indirect bonding technique was comparable with direct bonding technique. CLINICAL SIGNIFICANCE Thomas indirect bonding technique can be used for bonding of the posterior teeth, where the risk of moisture contamination is high during bonding.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Swetha
- Department of Orthodontics and Dentofacial Orthopedics, Bangalore Institute of Dental Sciences and Postgraduate Research Center, 5/3 Hosur Road, Bengaluru, Karnataka, India.
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Prita B, Chandrahas K, Venkata Ramana P, Ragini B, Swetha M. Immobilization and stabilization of Pseudomonas aeruginosa SRT9 lipase on tri(4-formyl phenoxy) cyanurate. KOREAN J CHEM ENG 2011. [DOI: 10.1007/s11814-010-0431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Sahithi K, Swetha M, Prabaharan M, Moorthi A, Saranya N, Ramasamy K, Srinivasan N, Partridge NC, Selvamurugan N. Synthesis and Characterization of NanoscaleHydroxyapatite-Copper for Antimicrobial Activity Towards Bone Tissue Engineering Applications. J Biomed Nanotechnol 2010; 6:333-9. [DOI: 10.1166/jbn.2010.1138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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