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Augustino M, Rowcliffe M, Feemster A, Smith J, Duncan R. Analysis of medication-related triggers to determine adverse drug events. Eur J Hosp Pharm 2023; 30:92-95. [PMID: 35177534 PMCID: PMC9986914 DOI: 10.1136/ejhpharm-2021-003078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE Voluntary event reporting systems continue to be the most common method used to identify adverse events in most US hospitals; however, this method fails to capture more than 90% of adverse drug events (ADEs). The purpose of this study is to examine which medication-related triggers have the highest positive predictive values (PPV) for detecting ADEs at a large academic medical centre. METHODS A 1-year, single-centre, retrospective quality improvement study was conducted to assess the PPV of four medication-related triggers: flumazenil, naloxone, glucose <70 mg/dL or dextrose 50%. Retrospective chart review was conducted on a random sample of eligible patients to establish if an ADE occurred and determine its preventability. Assessed triggers were also compared against the hospital's voluntary event reporting system to determine whether the events were previously reported. RESULTS A total of 161 triggers were reviewed. PPV values for detection of ADEs were 0.55, 0.58, 0.76 and 0.68 for flumazenil, naloxone, glucose <70 mg/dL and dextrose 50%, respectively. PPV values for detection of preventable ADEs were 0.09, 0.16, 0.32 and 0.34 for flumazenil, naloxone, glucose <70 mg/dL and dextrose 50%, respectively. Of the 107 ADEs identified, three events were reported through the hospital's voluntary event reporting system (2.8%). CONCLUSIONS Trigger tools successfully detected both preventable and non-preventable ADEs. Events detected using trigger tools are unlikely to be reported through voluntary event reporting systems; therefore, trigger tools can serve as a useful adjunct for adverse event detection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Augustino
- Department of Pharmacy, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pennsylvania Health System, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Meghan Rowcliffe
- Department of Pharmacy, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Agnes Feemster
- Department of Pharmacy, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
- Department of Pharmacy Practice and Science, University of Maryland School of Pharmacy, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Jacob Smith
- Department of Pharmacy, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
| | - Rosemary Duncan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, Maryland, USA
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Ferreira GB, Newbold T, Oliveira MJR, Pringle H, Pinheiro MS, Pinho FF, Carbone C, Rowcliffe M. Limited temporal response of Cerrado mammals to anthropogenic pressure in areas under distinct levels of protection. J Zool (1987) 2022. [DOI: 10.1111/jzo.12958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- G. B. Ferreira
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research University College London London UK
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London London UK
- Instituto Biotrópicos Diamantina Brazil
| | - T. Newbold
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research University College London London UK
| | | | - H. Pringle
- Centre for Biodiversity and Environment Research University College London London UK
| | | | - F. F. Pinho
- Instituto Biotrópicos Diamantina Brazil
- Programa de Pós‐graduação em Ecologia Conservação e Manejo da Vida Silvestre Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais Belo Horizonte Brazil
| | - C. Carbone
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London London UK
| | - M. Rowcliffe
- Institute of Zoology Zoological Society of London London UK
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Procaccini D, Kim JM, Lobner K, Rowcliffe M, Mollenkopf N. Medication Errors in Overweight and Obese Pediatric Patients: A Narrative Review. Jt Comm J Qual Patient Saf 2021; 48:154-164. [PMID: 35045950 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcjq.2021.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 12/21/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The childhood obesity epidemic in the United States has increased utilization of health care and prescribing of medications in overweight and obese children, yet it is unclear whether this has led to more medication errors. The objective of this study was to review all available literature on incidence and types of medication errors in overweight and obese children. METHODS A search of MEDLINE, Embase, and Scopus databases was conducted for all studies and oral abstracts through December 2020 reporting medication errors in overweight or obese children aged ≤ 18 years. All studies were identified and extracted via a Covidence database. Two reviewers independently reviewed studies and rated the methodologic quality of those included per GRADE (Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations) criteria. RESULTS The search identified 1,016 abstracts from databases. Following review, full text was obtained for 146 articles, of which 141 were excluded. A total of 5 studies met criteria for inclusion and described dosing errors of antimicrobials, anesthetics, and paracetamol in overweight and obese pediatric patients. Two of the 5 studies compared medication errors in obese to nonobese children, and both found that medication errors (both over- and underdosing) were generally more common among obese children. The identified reasons for medication errors included incorrect dosing weight, incorrect dosing strategy, over- and underdosing with weight-based and flat-fixed dosing, and inapposite use of age-based dosing schemas. CONCLUSION There is a paucity of patient safety evidence available evaluating medication use in overweight and obese children and associated medication errors. Overweight and obese children may be at increased risk of medication errors, although the clinical significance of this is unknown.
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Feemster AA, Augustino M, Duncan R, Khandoobhai A, Rowcliffe M. Use of failure modes and effects analysis to mitigate potential risks prior to implementation of an intravenous compounding technology. Am J Health Syst Pharm 2021; 78:1323-1329. [PMID: 33889932 PMCID: PMC8083204 DOI: 10.1093/ajhp/zxab179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Disclaimer In an effort to expedite the publication of articles related to the COVID-19 pandemic, AJHP is posting these manuscripts online as soon as possible after acceptance. Accepted manuscripts have been peer-reviewed and copyedited, but are posted online before technical formatting and author proofing. These manuscripts are not the final version of record and will be replaced with the final article (formatted per AJHP style and proofed by the authors) at a later time. Purpose The purpose of this study was to identify potential failure points in a new chemotherapy preparation technology and to implement changes that prevent or minimize the consequences of those failures before they occur using the failure modes and effects analysis (FMEA) approach. Methods An FMEA was conducted by a team of medication safety pharmacists, oncology pharmacists and technicians, leadership from informatics, investigational drug, and medication safety services, and representatives from the technology vendor. Failure modes were scored using both Risk Priority Number (RPN) and Risk Hazard Index (RHI) scores. Results The chemotherapy preparation workflow was defined in a 41-step process with 16 failure modes. The RPN and RHI scores were identical for each failure mode because all failure modes were considered detectable. Five failure modes, all attributable to user error, were deemed to pose the highest risk. Mitigation strategies and system changes were identified for 2 failure modes, with subsequent system modifications resulting in reduced risk. Conclusion The FMEA was a useful tool for risk mitigation and workflow optimization prior to implementation of an intravenous compounding technology. The process of conducting this study served as a collaborative and proactive approach to reducing the potential for medication errors upon adoption of new technology into the chemotherapy preparation process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Ann Feemster
- Department of Pharmacy, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD.,Department of Pharmacy Practice, School of Pharmacy, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Rosemary Duncan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
| | | | - Meghan Rowcliffe
- Department of Pharmacy, The Johns Hopkins Hospital, Baltimore, MD
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McNamara J, Rowcliffe M, Cowlishaw G, Alexander JS, Ntiamoa-Baidu Y, Brenya A, Milner-Gulland EJ. Characterising Wildlife Trade Market Supply-Demand Dynamics. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0162972. [PMID: 27632169 PMCID: PMC5024990 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0162972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2016] [Accepted: 08/31/2016] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
The trade in wildlife products can represent an important source of income for poor people, but also threaten wildlife locally, regionally and internationally. Bushmeat provides livelihoods for hunters, traders and sellers, protein to rural and urban consumers, and has depleted the populations of many tropical forest species. Management interventions can be targeted towards the consumers or suppliers of wildlife products. There has been a general assumption in the bushmeat literature that the urban trade is driven by consumer demand with hunters simply fulfilling this demand. Using the urban bushmeat trade in the city of Kumasi, Ghana, as a case study, we use a range of datasets to explore the processes driving the urban bushmeat trade. We characterise the nature of supply and demand by explicitly considering three market attributes: resource condition, hunter behaviour, and consumer behaviour. Our results suggest that bushmeat resources around Kumasi are becoming increasingly depleted and are unable to meet demand, that hunters move in and out of the trade independently of price signals generated by the market, and that, for the Kumasi bushmeat system, consumption levels are driven not by consumer choice but by shortfalls in supply and consequent price responses. Together, these results indicate that supply-side processes dominate the urban bushmeat trade in Kumasi. This suggests that future management interventions should focus on changing hunter behaviour, although complementary interventions targeting consumer demand are also likely to be necessary in the long term. Our approach represents a structured and repeatable method to assessing market dynamics in information-poor systems. The findings serve as a caution against assuming that wildlife markets are demand driven, and highlight the value of characterising market dynamics to inform appropriate management.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. McNamara
- Imperial College London, Division of Biology, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berks, United Kingdom
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - M. Rowcliffe
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - G. Cowlishaw
- Institute of Zoology, Zoological Society of London, Regents Park, London, United Kingdom
| | - J. S. Alexander
- Imperial College London, Division of Biology, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berks, United Kingdom
| | - Y. Ntiamoa-Baidu
- Centre for African Wetlands, University of Ghana, Legon, Accra, Ghana
| | - A. Brenya
- Ghana Wildlife Division, Forestry Commission, Accra, Ghana
| | - E. J. Milner-Gulland
- Imperial College London, Division of Biology, Silwood Park Campus, Ascot, Berks, United Kingdom
- Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
- * E-mail:
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Rowcliffe M, Nezami B, Westphal ES, Rainka M, Janda M, Bates V, Gengo F. Topical diclofenac does not affect the antiplatelet properties of aspirin as compared to the intermediate effects of oral diclofenac: A prospective, randomized, complete crossover study. J Clin Pharmacol 2015; 56:422-8. [PMID: 26265197 DOI: 10.1002/jcph.615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) adversely interact with aspirin, diminishing its antiplatelet effect and potentially placing patients at an increased risk for recurrent thrombotic events. This crossover study aimed to determine whether the topical NSAID diclofenac epolamine 1.3% patch or oral diclofenac 50 mg interfered with the antiplatelet effects of aspirin 325 mg. Twelve healthy men and women aged 18-50 were included. Participants were randomized into 5 treatment arms: aspirin, diclofenac potassium 50 mg, diclofenac patch, diclofenac potassium plus ASA 325 mg, and diclofenac patch plus aspirin. Platelet responsiveness was determined using whole-blood impedance aggregation (WBA) to collagen 1 μg/mL and arachidonic acid (AA) 0.5 mM and was sampled every 2 hours. No significant difference in platelet function was observed following the diclofenac patch and aspirin vs aspirin alone. Oral diclofenac produced a mixed effect with significant reduction in platelet inhibition at hour 2 and hour 8 following aspirin administration. Topical diclofenac does not significantly interfere with the antiplatelet effects of aspirin and may be a safer alternative to the oral formulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Rowcliffe
- Dent Neurologic Institute, Amherst, NY, USA.,State University at Buffalo School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | | | | | - M Rainka
- Dent Neurologic Institute, Amherst, NY, USA
| | - M Janda
- State University at Buffalo School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
| | - V Bates
- Dent Neurologic Institute, Amherst, NY, USA
| | - F Gengo
- Dent Neurologic Institute, Amherst, NY, USA.,State University at Buffalo School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Buffalo, NY, USA
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