Aillal M, Khazri A, Al-Hoshani N, Boufahja F, Beyrem H, Yahya Lafdal M. Are iron ore microparticles toxic for the European clam
Ruditapes decussatus? Response elements from biomarker activities and
in silico modeling.
Saudi J Biol Sci 2023;
30:103718. [PMID:
37576067 PMCID:
PMC10422009 DOI:
10.1016/j.sjbs.2023.103718]
[Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Inevitably, high concentrations of iron, the most widely produced ore globally, can be found in aquatic environments. To assess the toxicity of iron on aquatic organisms, Ruditapes decussatus specimens were subjected to microparticles derived from two types of iron ore (hematite and magnetite) at four different concentrations (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 5 g/L). The findings revealed that both types of iron ore were absorbed by clams in a concentration-dependent manner. Biomarkers analysis demonstrated significant and organ-specific impacts on the health of the clams caused by these microparticles, which was further supported by computational analyses on bioavailability. Within seven days of exposure, changes were observed in the activities of several enzymes, including catalase, acetylcholinesterase, and glutathione S-transferases, as well as in the rate of lipid peroxidation in both the digestive gland and gills. This study provides an environmental perspective on the toxicological effects of iron ore microparticles.
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