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van Trijp MPH, Rios-Morales M, Witteman B, Abegaz F, Gerding A, An R, Koehorst M, Evers B, van Dongen KCV, Zoetendal EG, Schols H, Afman LA, Reijngoud DJ, Bakker BM, Hooiveld GJ. Intraintestinal fermentation of fructo- and galacto-oligosaccharides and the fate of short-chain fatty acids in humans. iScience 2024; 27:109208. [PMID: 38420581 PMCID: PMC10901090 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.109208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Consumption of fructo- (FOS) and galacto-oligosaccharides (GOS) has health benefits which have been linked in part to short-chain fatty acids (SCFA) production by the gut microbiota. However, detailed knowledge of this process in the human intestine is lacking. We aimed to determine the acute fermentation kinetics of a FOS:GOS mixture in healthy males using a naso-intestinal catheter for sampling directly in the ileum or colon. We studied the fate of SCFA as substrates for glucose and lipid metabolism by the host after infusion of 13C-SCFA. In the human distal ileum, no fermentation of FOS:GOS, nor SCFA production, or bacterial cross-feeding was observed. The relative composition of intestinal microbiota changed rapidly during the test day, which demonstrates the relevance of postprandial intestinal sampling to track acute responses of the microbial community toward interventions. SCFA were vividly taken up and metabolized by the host as shown by incorporation of 13C in various host metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara P H van Trijp
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| | - Melany Rios-Morales
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Ben Witteman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
- Hospital Gelderse Vallei, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Ede 6716 RP, the Netherlands
| | - Fentaw Abegaz
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
- Statistics and Probability Unit, University of Groningen, Groningen 9747 AG, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Gerding
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Ran An
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| | - Martijn Koehorst
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Bernard Evers
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Katja C V van Dongen
- Division of Toxicology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| | - Erwin G Zoetendal
- Laboratory of Microbiology, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| | - Henk Schols
- Laboratory of Food Chemistry, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WG, the Netherlands
| | - Lydia A Afman
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Reijngoud
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen 9713 GZ, the Netherlands
| | - Guido J Hooiveld
- Division of Human Nutrition and Health, Wageningen University, Wageningen 6708 WE, the Netherlands
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Nieuwdorp M, Rios-Morales M. Early-life microbiota as a baby metabolic guardian. Cell Metab 2023; 35:2099-2100. [PMID: 38056427 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2023.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
Early-life microbiota have a crucial role in healthy development. Antibiotics, on the other hand, can disrupt this beneficial interaction and have been linked to increased adiposity in children. Shelton and collaborators went deeper into the mechanism by which microbiota protect against lipid metabolic dysfunction and diet-induced obesity. The results highlight the long-term metabolic risk of early antibiotic exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Max Nieuwdorp
- Department of Internal and (Experimental) Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; ACS Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Melany Rios-Morales
- Department of Internal and (Experimental) Vascular Medicine, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands; ACS Institute, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
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Rios-Morales M, Vieira-Lara MA, Homan E, Langelaar-Makkinje M, Gerding A, Li Z, Huijkman N, Rensen PCN, Wolters JC, Reijngoud DJ, Bakker BM. Butyrate oxidation attenuates the butyrate-induced improvement of insulin sensitivity in myotubes. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2022; 1868:166476. [PMID: 35811030 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2022.166476] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Skeletal muscle insulin resistance is a key pathophysiological process that precedes the development of type 2 diabetes. Whereas an overload of long-chain fatty acids can induce muscle insulin resistance, butyrate, a short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) produced from dietary fibre fermentation, prevents it. This preventive role of butyrate has been attributed to histone deacetylase (HDAC)-mediated transcription regulation and activation of mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation. Here we address the interplay between butyrate and the long-chain fatty acid palmitate and investigate how transcription, signalling and metabolism are integrated to result in the butyrate-induced skeletal muscle metabolism remodelling. Butyrate enhanced insulin sensitivity in palmitate-treated, insulin-resistant C2C12 cells, as shown by elevated insulin receptor 1 (IRS1) and pAKT protein levels and Slc2a4 (GLUT4) mRNA, which led to a higher glycolytic capacity. Long-chain fatty-acid oxidation capacity and other functional respiration parameters were not affected. Butyrate did upregulate mitochondrial proteins involved in its own oxidation, as well as concentrations of butyrylcarnitine and hydroyxybutyrylcarnitine. By knocking down the gene encoding medium-chain 3-ketoacyl-CoA thiolase (MCKAT, Acaa2), butyrate oxidation was inhibited, which amplified the effects of the SCFA on insulin sensitivity and glycolysis. This response was associated with enhanced HDAC inhibition, based on histone 3 acetylation levels. Butyrate enhances insulin sensitivity and induces glycolysis, without the requirement of upregulated long-chain fatty acid oxidation. Butyrate catabolism functions as an escape valve that attenuates HDAC inhibition. Thus, inhibition of butyrate oxidation indirectly prevents insulin resistance and stimulates glycolytic flux in myotubes treated with butyrate, most likely via an HDAC-dependent mechanism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melany Rios-Morales
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Marcel A Vieira-Lara
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Esther Homan
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Miriam Langelaar-Makkinje
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Albert Gerding
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands; Department of Laboratory Medicine, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Zhuang Li
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Nicolette Huijkman
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Patrick C N Rensen
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands; Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Justina C Wolters
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Reijngoud
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands
| | - Barbara M Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Center for Liver, Digestive, and Metabolic Diseases, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.
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Abegaz F, Martines ACMF, Vieira-Lara MA, Rios-Morales M, Reijngoud DJ, Wit EC, Bakker BM. Bistability in fatty-acid oxidation resulting from substrate inhibition. PLoS Comput Biol 2021; 17:e1009259. [PMID: 34383741 PMCID: PMC8396765 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1009259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2021] [Revised: 08/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study we demonstrated through analytic considerations and numerical studies that the mitochondrial fatty-acid β-oxidation can exhibit bistable-hysteresis behavior. In an experimentally validated computational model we identified a specific region in the parameter space in which two distinct stable and one unstable steady state could be attained with different fluxes. The two stable states were referred to as low-flux (disease) and high-flux (healthy) state. By a modular kinetic approach we traced the origin and causes of the bistability back to the distributive kinetics and the conservation of CoA, in particular in the last rounds of the β-oxidation. We then extended the model to investigate various interventions that may confer health benefits by activating the pathway, including (i) activation of the last enzyme MCKAT via its endogenous regulator p46-SHC protein, (ii) addition of a thioesterase (an acyl-CoA hydrolysing enzyme) as a safety valve, and (iii) concomitant activation of a number of upstream and downstream enzymes by short-chain fatty-acids (SCFA), metabolites that are produced from nutritional fibers in the gut. A high concentration of SCFAs, thioesterase activity, and inhibition of the p46Shc protein led to a disappearance of the bistability, leaving only the high-flux state. A better understanding of the switch behavior of the mitochondrial fatty-acid oxidation process between a low- and a high-flux state may lead to dietary and pharmacological intervention in the treatment or prevention of obesity and or non-alcoholic fatty-liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fentaw Abegaz
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Statistics and Probability Unit, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Anne-Claire M. F. Martines
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Marcel A. Vieira-Lara
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Melany Rios-Morales
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk-Jan Reijngoud
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ernst C. Wit
- Statistics and Probability Unit, University of Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- Institute of Computational Science, Università della Svizzera italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Barbara M. Bakker
- Laboratory of Pediatrics, Section Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, University of Groningen, University Medical Center Groningen, Groningen, The Netherlands
- * E-mail:
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