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Hernández-Rosas F, Rey-Barrera M, Hernández-Barajas F, Rangel-Soto C, García-González MS, Franco-González SS, de León-Bautista MP. Unveiling Hidden Risks: Intentional Molecular Screening for Sexually Transmitted Infections and Vaginosis Pathogens in Patients Who Have Been Exclusively Tested for Human Papillomavirus Genotyping. Microorganisms 2023; 11:2661. [PMID: 38004673 PMCID: PMC10672824 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms11112661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/02/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most prevalent sexually transmitted infection (STI) worldwide, with popular screening methods including the Papanicolaou test and HPV genotyping. However, in clinical practice, coinfections with other pathogens are often underestimated. Therefore, our study aims to describe the prevalence of STIs and vaginosis in urogenital samples from patients who had been tested exclusively for HPV genotyping. METHODS This analytical, prospective, cross-sectional study included 408 males and females. Eligible participants had positive and negative HPV genotyping test results and agreed to early detection or had HPV antecedents. They provided the same urogenital samples used for HPV detection and, through our multiplex in-house PCR assay, we screened for Candida spp., Ureaplasma spp., Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, herpes simplex virus 1 and 2 (HSV), Mycoplasma spp., molluscum contagiosum virus (MCV), Treponema pallidum, Haemophilus spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella spp. The subsequent statistical analysis aimed to reveal correlations between HPV genotypes and the identified pathogens. RESULTS Of the participants, 72.1% (n = 294) tested positive for HPV genotypes. HR-HPV (high-risk HPV) genotypes comprised 51 (8.1%), 66 (7.1%), and 58 (6.1%). Haemophilus spp., Ureaplasma spp., Candida spp., Staphylococcus aureus, and Mycoplasma spp. frequently co-occurred with HPV infection (p < 0.05). Gender-based variations were notorious for Ureaplasma spp., Mycoplasma spp., and MCV (p < 0.05). Coinfections were prevalent (43.9%), with a positive HPV result elevating the risk for Trichomonas vaginalis, Mycoplasma spp., Staphylococcus aureus, HSV, and MCV (OR > 1, p < 0.05). HPV 16 correlated with HSV and Ureaplasma spp., while HPV 6 was linked with HSV and MCV (p < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS This screening strategy uncovered significant coinfections and associations between HPV genotypes and pathogens, underscoring the importance of routine screening to explore clinical implications in urogenital health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Hernández-Rosas
- Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Engineering Division, Anahuac Queretaro University, Querétaro 76246, Mexico;
- Research Center, Anahuac Queretaro University, Querétaro 76246, Mexico
| | | | - Flavio Hernández-Barajas
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN Laboratories, Morelia 58280, Mexico
| | - Claudia Rangel-Soto
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN Laboratories, Morelia 58280, Mexico
| | | | | | - Mercedes Piedad de León-Bautista
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN Laboratories, Morelia 58280, Mexico
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Vasco de Quiroga, Morelia 58090, Mexico
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Hernández-Rosas F, Orozco-Hernández E, Contreras Méndez A, Hernández Barajas F, de León-Bautista MP. The heterogeneity of Human Papilloma Virus genotypes in the oropharyngeal cavity, anus, and urogenital sites. New Microbiol 2022; 45:73-81. [PMID: 35403849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The distribution of Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) genotypes is not homogeneous among the infectedcells in a specific anatomical site. Thus, we conducted a prospective cross-sectional studywith 2,130 Mexican men and women aged 16 to 80 years. We described the prevalence of HPVgenotypes at the oropharyngeal cavity, anus, and urogenital sites. The most prevalent genotypes inwomen were HR-HPV 66 (5.6%), 16 (4.2%), 59 (4.3%) and LR-HPV 6 (10.1%); for men, HR-HPV16 (4.2%), 53 (3.8%), 66 (3.5%) and LR-HPV 6 (14.1%). In the cervix the most frequent genotypeswere: 6 (7.7%) and 66 (4.6%); vagina 6 (0.4%) and 16 (0.4%); genital wart 6 (5.9%) and 11 (2.7%);external genitalia 6 (0.5%) and 66 (0.5%); oropharyngeal cavity 6 (0.06%) and 66 (0.05%). In bothgenders, the most frequent genotype was HPV 6. The prevalence of HPV genotypes 31 (p=0.016),52 (p=0.049), 56 (0.036), 6 (p<0.0001) and 11 (p<0.0001) showed significant differences when comparinggenders. The kappa analysis demonstrated that in males, the HPV genotypes in the urethra/balanopreputial sulcus and urethral/genital warts had moderate concordance. In conclusion, HPVgenotyping screening tests among anatomical sites should be performed simultaneously to reinforcecurrent strategies, as well as for the development of vaccines and the discovery of oncogenic potentialfor genotypes that are not commonly analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Erika Orozco-Hernández
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN Laboratories. Morelia, Michoacán, México, 58341
| | - Andrea Contreras Méndez
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN Laboratories. Morelia, Michoacán, México, 58341
| | - Flavio Hernández Barajas
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN Laboratories. Morelia, Michoacán, México, 58341
| | - Mercedes Piedad de León-Bautista
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN Laboratories. Morelia, Michoacán, México, 58341
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Vasco de Quiroga, Morelia, Michoacán, México, 58090
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Hernández-Rosas F, Rey-Barrera M, Conejo-Saucedo U, Orozco-Hernández E, Maza-Sánchez L, Navarro-Vidal E, López-Vera Y, Ascencio-Gordillo MDC, de León-Bautista MP. Monitoring Sexually Transmitted Infections in Cervicovaginal Exfoliative Samples in Mexican Women. Pathogens 2021; 10:pathogens10121618. [PMID: 34959573 PMCID: PMC8703509 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens10121618] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2021] [Revised: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Background. Globally, Sexually Transmitted Infections (STIs) are a major cause of morbidity in sexually active individuals, having complications in reproduction health and quality of life. In concordance with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDG), the study aimed to investigate the prevalence of Candida spp., Ureaplasma spp., Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, HSV, and Mycoplasma spp. from cervicovaginal samples and to correlate them with the gynecological history of the patients. Methods. Our analytical, prospective, and cross-sectional study included 377 women who participated in a reproductive health campaign during 2015–2016. Anthropometric and gynecological variables were obtained. Cervicovaginal specimens were collected and analyzed with a multiplex in-house PCR to detect Candida spp., Ureaplasma spp., Trichomonas vaginalis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, HSV, Mycoplasma spp., and Chlamydia trachomatis. Results. The positive cases were 175/377 (46.4%) to at least one of the microorganisms. The most frequent pathogen detected in this population was Ureaplasma spp. (n = 111, 29.4%), followed by Mycoplasma spp. (n = 56, 14.9%) and Candida spp. (n = 47, 12.5%); 33.7% of the positive cases were single infections, whereas 12.7% had coinfection. The multiplex PCR assay was designed targeting nucleotide sequences. Conclusions. Our data demonstrated that monitoring STIs among asymptomatic patients will encourage target programs to be more precisely and effectively implemented, as well as make these programs more affordable, to benefit society by decreasing the prevalence of STIs.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Ulises Conejo-Saucedo
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN Laboratories, Morelia 58341, Mexico; (U.C.-S.); (E.O.-H.); (L.M.-S.); (E.N.-V.)
| | - Erika Orozco-Hernández
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN Laboratories, Morelia 58341, Mexico; (U.C.-S.); (E.O.-H.); (L.M.-S.); (E.N.-V.)
| | - Liliana Maza-Sánchez
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN Laboratories, Morelia 58341, Mexico; (U.C.-S.); (E.O.-H.); (L.M.-S.); (E.N.-V.)
| | - Enrique Navarro-Vidal
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN Laboratories, Morelia 58341, Mexico; (U.C.-S.); (E.O.-H.); (L.M.-S.); (E.N.-V.)
| | - Yasmín López-Vera
- Hospital de la Mujer de la Secretaría de Salud de Michoacán, Morelia 58295, Mexico; (Y.L.-V.); (M.d.C.A.-G.)
| | | | - Mercedes Piedad de León-Bautista
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN Laboratories, Morelia 58341, Mexico; (U.C.-S.); (E.O.-H.); (L.M.-S.); (E.N.-V.)
- Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Vasco de Quiroga, Morelia 58090, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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Hernández-Rosas F, Orozco-Hernández E, Maza-Sánchez L, Salgado-García PC, Navarro-Vidal E, León-Bautista MPD. Prevalence and correlation of human papillomavirus genotypes with clinical factors in cervical samples from Mexican women. Exp Biol Med (Maywood) 2020; 246:48-56. [PMID: 32962407 DOI: 10.1177/1535370220959747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
IMPACT STATEMENT We are submitting data regarding the prevalence and type distribution of the HPV infection and the risk factors associated with it, which may provide a valuable reference to reinforce screening strategies, and to maintain HPV genotype surveillance in Mexico. We discuss the overall prevalence of HPV infection as detected in normal cytological samples stratified by age, different types of infection, and oncogenic capacity. One of the most important findings was that common HPV genotypes detected in healthy women were the genotype numbers: 6, 31, 16, and 56, likewise, smoking and having a history of more than three sexual partners over their lifetime, represented the main risk factors in this study. Furthermore, we found a low frequency of cytological abnormalities and CIN 1-3 in women with HR-HPV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabiola Hernández-Rosas
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN S.A. de C.V. Morelia, Michoacán 58090, México.,Biomedical Engineering Faculty, Anáhuac University, Querétaro 76246, México
| | - Erika Orozco-Hernández
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN S.A. de C.V. Morelia, Michoacán 58090, México
| | | | - Pamela Citlalli Salgado-García
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN S.A. de C.V. Morelia, Michoacán 58090, México
| | - Enrique Navarro-Vidal
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN S.A. de C.V. Morelia, Michoacán 58090, México
| | - Mercedes Piedad de León-Bautista
- Translational Medicine, Vanguard and Technology Transfer Sector, Human Health Department, Central ADN S.A. de C.V. Morelia, Michoacán 58090, México.,Escuela de Medicina, Universidad Vasco de Quiroga, Michoacán 58090, México
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de León-Bautista MP, Cardenas-Aguayo MDC, Casique-Aguirre D, Almaraz-Salinas M, Parraguirre-Martinez S, Olivo-Diaz A, Thompson-Bonilla MDR, Vargas M. Immunological and Functional Characterization of RhoGDI3 and Its Molecular Targets RhoG and RhoB in Human Pancreatic Cancerous and Normal Cells. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0166370. [PMID: 27832197 PMCID: PMC5104321 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0166370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [What about the content of this article? (0)] [Affiliation(s)] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/09/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
RhoGDI proteins have been implicated in several human cancers; changes in their expression levels have shown pro- or anti-tumorigenic effects. Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma (PDAC) is a complex pathology, with poor prognosis, and most patients die shortly after diagnosis. Efforts have been focused on understanding the role of RhoGDI's in PDAC, specially, RhoGDI1 and RhoGDI2. However, the role of RhoGDI3 has not been studied in relation to cancer or to PDAC. Here, we characterized the expression and functionality of RhoGDI3 and its target GTPases, RhoG and RhoB in pancreatic cell lines from both normal pancreatic tissue and tissue in late stages of PDAC, and compared them to human biopsies. Through immunofluorescences, pulldown assays and subcellular fractionation, we found a reduction in RhoGDI3 expression in the late stages of PDAC, and this reduction correlates with tumor progression and aggressiveness. Despite the reduction in the expression of RhoGDI3 in PDAC, we found that RhoB was underexpressed while RhoG was overexpressed, suggesting that cancerous cells preserve their capacity to activate this pathway, thus these cells may be more eager to response to the stimuli needed to proliferate and become invasive unlike normal cells. Surprisingly, we found nuclear localization of RhoGDI3 in non-cancerous pancreatic cell line and normal pancreatic tissue biopsies, which could open the possibility of novel nuclear functions for this protein, impacting gene expression regulation and cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mercedes Piedad de León-Bautista
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, col. San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maria del Carmen Cardenas-Aguayo
- Departamento de Fisiología, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Avenida Universidad 3000, Col. Copilco Universidad, Delegación Coyoacán, C.P. 04510, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Diana Casique-Aguirre
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, col. San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Manuel Almaraz-Salinas
- Facultad de Bioquímica, Instituto Tecnológico de Milpa Alta, Independencia Sur 36, San Salvador Cuauhtenco, Milpa Alta, 12300, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Sara Parraguirre-Martinez
- Departamento de Anatomía Patológica, Hospital General Doctor Manuel Gea González, Av. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Tlalpan, Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Angelica Olivo-Diaz
- Departamento de Biología Molecular e Histocompatibilidad, Hospital Doctor Manuel Gea González, Av. Calzada de Tlalpan 4800, Tlalpan, Sección XVI, 14080, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - María del Rocío Thompson-Bonilla
- Investigación Biomédica y Traslacional, Laboratorio de Medicina Genómica, Hospital 1° de Octubre, ISSSTE, Av. Instituto Politécnico Nacional No. 1669, Colonia: Magdalena de las Salinas, Delegación: Gustavo A Madero, 07760, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Miguel Vargas
- Departamento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados del Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Avenida Instituto Politécnico Nacional 2508, col. San Pedro Zacatenco, C.P. 07360, Mexico City, Mexico
- * E-mail:
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